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Множественные склерозы-модифицирующие методы лечения алгоритмы: 2025 год: местоположение Португальской группы по изучению множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническая аутоиммунная нейродегенеративная болезнь, характеризующаяся воспалением, обезвоживанием и повреждением аксона/нейро в центральной нервной системе. В Португалии показатель распространенности НР составляет примерно 64,4 на 100 000 человек. Она, как правило, диагностируется у молодых взрослых в возрасте от 30 до 40 лет с более высоким уровнем заболеваемости среди женщин, хотя она может также затрагивать детей/подростков и пожилых людей. К числу последних достижений в области лечения MS относятся разработка и утверждение ряда новых методов лечения, позволяю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal/neuronal damage in the central nervous system. In Portugal, the prevalence of MS is approximately 64.4 per 100 000 individuals. It is typically diagnosed in young adults aged 30 to 40, with a higher incidence in women, a…

Natalizumab therapy of multiple sclerosis: recommendations of the Multiple Sclerosis Study Group--Italian Neurological Society.

Three years after the introduction of natalizumab (NA) therapy for the second line treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), Italian MS centers critically reviewed the scientific literature and their own clinical experience. Natalizumab was shown to be highly efficacious in the treatment of MS. However, the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was confirmed and defined better. This article summarizes the MS-SIN Study Group recommendations on the use of NA in MS, with particular reference to the appropriate selection and monitoring of patients as well as to the man…

Fatigue characteristics in multiple sclerosis: the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) survey.

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common disabling symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and has a significantly negative impact on quality of life. Persons with MS enrolled in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Patient Registry are invited to complete follow-up surveys every six months to update their original registration information. One of these surveys was designed to focus on the severity and impact of fatigue, and its association with other clinical parameters of MS such as physical disability. METHODS: In addition to the usual data collected in Registry update s…

Географическая связь множественного склероза и амиотропического бокового склероза.

Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) и множественный склероз (MS) являются разрушительными, неизлечимыми нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, которые в значительной степени считаются неизвестными этиологами. Хотя эти болезни имеют некоторые сходства, они, как правило, не считаются тесно связанными между собой. У них разные патологические маркеры и разные прогнозы. Кроме того, MS (но не ALS) считается аутоиммунным заболеванием. Кроме того, уже давно отмечается, что НР имеет мощный градиент север-юг в своем распределении, в то время как лишь недавно стало известно о таком градиенте в БАС. Вместе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are both devastating, incurable, neurodegenerative diseases that are largely considered to be of unknown etiology. While the diseases have some similarities, they are not typically considered to be closely related. They have different pathological markers and different prognoses. Additionally, M…

[Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Cognitive impairment (CI), along with physical disability, is the most important clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis MS and is detected in 40-70% of patients. Present in all types and forms of MS, it has a significant negative impact on social adaptation, ability to work and daily activity. Most often, CI includes problems with information processing speed, memory, visual-spatial perception and regulatory functions. At the moment, there is no single theory explaining the pathogenesis of CI. It is believed to be associated with lesions in white and gray matter, which are not visible on…

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnostics and Treatment (Review)

Рассеянный склероз (РС) – хроническое воспалительное аутоиммунное демиелинизирующее нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы, клинически проявляющееся гетерогенной неврологической симптоматикой. У 3–5% пациентов с РС заболевание начинается в детском возрасте. РС у детей имеет свои клинические особенности: рецидивно-ремиттирующее течение в 95–98%, более высокая частота рецидивов в течение первых 2–5 лет, большая распространенность демиелинизирующего процесса, в 15% случаев первый эпизод демиелинизации может иметь клинику острого рассеянного энцефаломиелита. В то же время у де…

Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Kosovo: Data from Kosovan national multiple sclerosis registry.

BACKGROUND: Many studies report different prevalence and incidence estimates for multiple sclerosis (MS). Epidemiological data from Southeast Europe remain scarce. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and demographic characteristics of MS in the Republic of Kosovo using data from the National MS Registry. METHODS: The Kosovo National MS Registry was established in January 2020. Patients diagnosed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria are automatically registered. Demographic and epidemiological data of all registered patients up to December 31, 2025, were ana…

Real world experience with cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis at four academic multiple sclerosis centers.

BACKGROUND: Cladribine tablets (CladT) are a multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapy (DMT) with safety and efficacy established in the CLARITY trial and extension. A better understanding of the role of CladT in real-world populations is needed, including the clinical and radiographic trajectories of persons with MS (PwMS) treated with CladT and how CladT compares to other MS DMTs. METHODS: PwMS receiving CladT at 4 tertiary MS centers were identified and characterized. A validated electronic neuroperformance test adapted from the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite was administe…

Predicting faller status in persons with multiple sclerosis using the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12.

BACKGROUND: Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are at an increased risk for falling, making it necessary to identify useful screening tools. The aims of this study were to 1) determine a cut-off score for the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) for identifying PwMS as fallers and 2) evaluate its predictive ability of faller status after controlling for other potential contributing factors. METHODS: Participant characteristics, MSWS-12, and falls in the last six months were collected on PwMS (n = 171) during a single session. Fallers (53.8 %; n = 92) were individuals reporti…

Cladribine for people with multiple sclerosis.

RATIONALE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, inflammation involving both T and B cells is considered an essential factor. Cladribine induces targeted lymphocyte depletion in the peripheral and central nervous system, potentially lowering inflammation and slowing disease progression. OBJECTIVES: To assess the short- and long-term benefits and harms of cladribine compared to no intervention, placebo, or any other disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in people with any …

The evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis.

There are two main evolutionary theories for why modern humans develop multiple sclerosis (MS). The first, antagonistic pleiotropy, argues that genetic variants that predispose people to MS are protective against infections; this explains why these genetic variants persist at high frequency. The second, the Old Friends hypothesis, argues that reduced exposure to ancient, co-evolved micro-organisms like helminths results in immune dysregulation and overreactions to harmless infections and substances; this explains why MS prevalence increases with sanitation. Here, I assess these theories in the…

Impact of frailty on multiple sclerosis.

This review addresses the biological mechanisms and contributions of frailty in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease of the central nervous system that causes physical and cognitive disability. The risk of frailty among persons with MS (pwMS) exceeds that of other chronic diseases, and the interactions between frailty and MS pathologies can aggravate physical disability. The hallmarks of frailty include increased vulnerability, reduced ability to respond to stressors, and elevated risk of adverse health outcomes. Although frailty is often conflated with aging, it can affect individuals w…

The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS whose risk and course are shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, among which the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a key, potentially modifiable contributor. People with MS frequently display altered gut microbiota, characterized by depletion of fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing commensals, and expansion of taxa associated with mucus degradation and proinflammatory metabolism. These compositional shifts are paralleled by broad changes in blood and CSF metabolites, including …