Результаты поиска

Screening for multiple tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks from birds in Denmark during spring and autumn migration seasons.

Presently, it is uncertain to what extent seasonal migrating birds contribute to the introduction of ticks and tick-associated pathogens in … g (292 birds) and autumn migrations (515 birds). 10.7% of the birds harboured a total of 179 Ixodes ricinus ticks (38 ticks in spring and 141 in the autumn) with a mean infestation intensity of 2.1 ticks per bird. The European robin (Erithacus rubecula), the common blackbird (Turdus merula), and the common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) had the highes …

Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe: Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus.

The three most common Ixodes spp. ticks found on songbirds in Western Europe are Ixodes frontalis, I. arboricola and I. ricinus. As the latter species is a generalist, it shares several avian hosts with the two strictly ornithophilic species. Infestations of the three species can overlap in time and space, implying that tick-borne pathogens maintained by the ornithophilic ticks and their hosts could be bridged by I. ricinus to non-avian hosts. Whereas the endophilic Ixodes arboricola only occurs in cavities, I. frontalis has been collected frequently by flagging methods from understory vegetat…

Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the Lublin region (eastern Poland).

A total of 875 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks and 148 adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected by flagging lower vegetation in the Lublin region (eastern Poland) and examined for the presence of RNA of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) by nested RT-PCR. The minimum infection rate of I. ricinus ticks with TBEV amounted to 1.6% while the infection rate of D. reticulatus ticks was 10.8%. The results suggest that D. reticulatus may be a potential vector of TBEV in Central Europe.

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in selected South Bohemian locations (Czech Republic).

In selected localities of Ceské Budĕjovice and Ceský, Krumlov districts, well known by stable high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) human cases but with low incidence of Lyme borreliosis, monitoring of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in Ixodes ricinus ticks was performed. Research was also aimed at the spread of I. ricinus to mountain areas of this region (National Park Sumava), as well as at investigating this tick for B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies and TBE virus infection. Altogether 498 nymphs, 88 females and 11 males of I. ricinus from lower locations and 58 nymphs from m…

Предварительные исследования по вопросу о взаимосвязи между активностью рикодов в Икодесе и трансмиссией тика среди профессиональных жителей восточной Польши.

Относительная плотность (активность) клеща " Иксодес рицинус " была определена в пяти округах Лублинской области (Восточная Польша) в результате падания растительного покрова. Значения активности были сопоставлены с значениями, определенными в ходе испытаний ELISA, в отношении распространенности вируса энцефалита (TBEV) и борелия бурдорфери у работников лесного хозяйства и фермеров из тех же районов. Значительная корреляция между активностью клещей и распространенностью серопов как у ТБЭВ, так и у Б.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Relative density (activity) of the tick Ixodes ricinus was determined in five districts of the Lublin region (eastern Poland) by vegetation flagging. Tick activity values were compared to the determined by ELISA tests seroprevalence to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Borrelia burgdorferi in forestry workers and farmers from the same areas. A signifi…

An Exploratory Preclinical In Vivo Pilot Study Evaluating the Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Ricinus communis Combination.

BACKGROUND: Hair loss is a common condition with significant psychosocial impact. Although pharmacological treatments such as minoxidil are available, their long-term use may be associated with adverse effects. Plant-derived products are widely used in traditional medicine for hair care; however, scientific validation of their efficacy remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at evaluating the hair growth-promoting effects of a combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Ricinus communis oils in a murine model. METHODOLOGY: Essential oil from R. officinalis was obtained by hydrodistilla…

Tick-borne pathogens in a nature reserve area in the Netherlands: serological and molecular assessments in large herbivores and Ixodes ricinus ticks.

Ticks are vectors of a wide range of pathogens, relevant to both veterinary and public health. Although tick surveillance is frequently cond … feri s.l., and B. miyamotoi using serological and molecular methods. In total, 2617 questing Ixodes ricinus were collected. In red deer (n = 177), seropositivity was 6.2% for TBEV, prevalence was 58.9% for A. phagocytophilum, and 53.4% for Babesia spp. (predominantly B. divergens and B. cf. odocoilei). Corresponding values in cattle (n = 36) were 0%, 14.3 …

Occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks removed from human skin in Poland in 2022-2024.

Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging human tick-borne pathogen that has been confirmed in multiple tick species, including Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. In 2022–2024, 2263 ticks removed from human skin were collected for research, mainly of two species: I. ricinus (2123) and D. reticulatus (137). Detection of B. miyamotoi was performed by PCR, amplifying a fragment of the p66 and gplQ genes, confirmed by sequencing. In total, the pathogen prevalence in human-derived ticks was 3.0%. Among 63 positive I. ricinus (3.0%), B. miyamotoi was detected in females and nymphs with prevalence 3…

Modelling the distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus in England and Wales using passive surveillance data from citizen science reports.

BACKGROUND: Ticks are a significant cause of illness globally. The tick Ixodes ricinus is commonly found across Europe and is a significant vector of Tick-Borne Encephalitis virus (TBEv), Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (causative agent of Lyme borreliosis), Babesia divergens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and several Rickettsia bacteria, among others. METHODS: The Tick Surveillance Scheme (TSS) administered by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) contains validated reports from the general public of tick encounters over the last twenty years. We modelled the probability of I. ricinus tick presence a…

Midichloria mitochondrii stimulates the sylvatic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus and contributes to Lyme disease risk.

Sex and symbionts of arthropod vectors are potential modulators of infection with vector-borne pathogens. Here, we investigated the involvement of sex and presence of the bacterial symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii in immature stages of Ixodes ricinus ticks on the acquisition and abundance of the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato). There was no difference in the infection rate of M. mitochondrii between male and female larvae. The infection with M. mitochondrii but not tick sex increased the acquisition of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) by I. ricinus larvae feeding on naturally inf…

Influence of tick age and land-use on Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Swabian Alb, Germany.

BACKGROUND: In Europe, Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit various zoonotic pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB). However, the relationship between Borrelia prevalence, bacterial load in unfed nymphs of different physiological ages, and the influence of season and land-use remains poorly understood. The B. burgdorferi s.l. complex exhibits significant genetic diversity, with genospecies varying in distribution and pathogenicity. This study aimed to examine physiological tick age in relation to land-use, Borrelia infection rates, an…

Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia and the possible influence of meteorological factors.

Ixodes ricinus ticks are Scandinavia's main vector for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which infects many people annually. The aims of the present study were (i) to obtain information on the TBEV prevalence in host-seeking I. ricinus collected within the Øresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak (ØKS) region, which lies in southern Norway, southern Sweden and Denmark; (ii) to analyse whether there are potential spatial patterns in the TBEV prevalence; and (iii) to understand the relationship between TBEV prevalence and meteorological factors in southern Scandinavia. Tick nymphs were collected in 2016, …

Comparison of Skin Lesions Caused by Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Lipoptena cervi Deer Keds Infesting Humans in the Natural Environment.

Background: The territorial expansion and increased population size of haematophagous arthropods (i.e., the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and the deer ked Lipoptena cervi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)) has enhanced the risk of human infestations in Europe. The aim of our study was to present skin lesions induced by tick and deer ked bites in patients from recreational forest regions in southeastern Poland and pay attention to features of skin changes that may be useful in differential diagnosis. Methods: We compare the skin lesions after I. ricinus and L. cervi bite and draw a…

Presence of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Babesia microti in rodents and two tick species (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps) in Slovakia.

Rodents are important reservoir hosts of many tick-borne pathogens. Their importance in the circulation of the emerging bacterial agent, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, Babesia microti has been recently proposed. The aim of the present study was to identify the presence and genetic diversity of Candidatus N. mikurensis and B. microti circulating in the natural foci among rodents and two species of ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps). In 2011-2013, rodents were captured at sampling sites in Eastern Slovakia. A total of 997 rode…

Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health.

Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild bo…

Molecular evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti co-infections in Ixodes ricinus ticks in central-eastern region of Poland.

The aim of the study was to elucidate the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti co-infection in Ixodes ricinus populations within the central-eastern region of Poland. The prevalence of analysed tick-borne human pathogens in single and polymicrobial infections in I. ricinus ticks were analysed using the conventional and nested PCR techniques. A total number of 1,123 questing tick individuals (291 females, 267 males and 565 nymphs) were collected at different ecosystems (municipal parks, suburban forests, and woodlands). In the presented study, 95 samples of ticks (8.5%)…

Prevalence and genotyping of tick-borne encephalitis virus in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in a new endemic area in western Switzerland.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and causes neurological disease in humans in Eu … of new TBE foci by detecting viral RNA in field-collected ticks. In this study, free-living Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks from one nonendemic and three new TBE endemic regions located in the Western part of Switzerland were screened during four consecutive years (2007-2010) for the presence of TBEV. A total of 9,868 I. ricinus ticks (6,665 nymphs and 3,203 a …

Neutrophil extracellular traps entrap and kill Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto spirochetes and are not affected by Ixodes ricinus tick saliva.

Lyme disease is caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. They are transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus ticks. After a few hours of infestation, neutrophils massively infiltrate the bite site. They can kill Borrelia via phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and hydrolytic enzymes. However, factors in tick saliva promote propagation of the bacteria in the host even in the presence of a large number of neutrophils. The neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) consists in the extrusion of the neutrophil's own DNA, forming traps that can retain and kill bacteria. The production of …

IrAM-An alpha2-macroglobulin from the hard tick Ixodes ricinus: characterization and function in phagocytosis of a potential pathogen Chryseobacterium indologenes.

The universal protease inhibitors of the alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M) family are evolutionarily conserved constituents of innate immunity, presumably because they guard organisms against undesired proteolytic attacks of a different origin. Here, we determined the primary structure of alpha(2)-macroglobulin from the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (IrAM) by sequencing of overlapping PCR products. Predicted disulfide and glycosylation patterns, post-translational cleavage and alternative splicing within its 'bait region' demonstrate that IrAM is closely related to the alpha(2)-macroglobulin from …

Prevalence of four species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophila in Ixodes ricinus ticks in central Germany.

A total of 305 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from three areas of Thuringia in central Germany were investigated for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species and Anaplasma phagocytophila. Overall, 11.1% were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi and 2.3% with Anaplasma phagocytophila. Adult ticks showed a significantly higher rate of infection with both borreliae and Anaplasma phagocytophila. Borrelia garinii (55.9%) was detected most frequently, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (32.4%), Borrelia afzelii (17.6%), and Borrelia valaisiana (5.9%). Four ticks had dual infe…