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A discrete-event simulation of smoking-cessation strategies based on varenicline pivotal trial data.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. While one in five individuals smoke, and 70% of these indicate a desire to quit, <5% of unaided quit attempts succeed. Cessation aids can double or triple the odds of successfully quitting. Models of smoking-cessation behaviour can elucidate the implications of individual abstinence patterns to allow better tailoring of quit attempts to an individual's characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a discrete-event simulation (DES) to evaluate the benefits of smoking abstinence usin

Effect of various exposure scenarios on the biological monitoring of organic solvents in alveolar air. II. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and trichloroethylene.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of different exposure scenarios on the elimination of trichloroethylene (TRI) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TRI) in alveolar air and other biological fluids in human volunteers. In addition, it was sought to establish an interactive process between experimental data gathering and simulation modeling in an attempt to predict the influence of the different scenarios of exposure to TRI and 1,1,1-TRI on their respective biological monitoring indices and thus to establish the flexibility and validity of simulation models. Two adul

Symptom burden to characterise, predict, and prevent asthma attacks: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials and translational prospective studies.

BACKGROUND: Asthma symptoms often guide disease assessment and management, but their prognostic and predictive value is unclear. We evaluated the extent to which symptom burden measured by the 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) predicts future severe asthma attacks and response to anti-inflammatory therapy. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of selected randomised controlled trials and translational observational cohort studies of asthma of varying severity. Primary analyses used the ORACLE2 patient-level meta-analysis (n=6513) of control-group partici

Patent analysis of digital sensors for continuous glucose monitoring.

The high need for optimal diabetes management among an ever-increasing number of patients dictates the development and implementation of new digital sensors for continuous glucose monitoring. The purpose of this work is to systematize the global patenting trends of digital sensors for continuous glucose monitoring and analyze their effectiveness in controlling the treatment of diabetes patients of different ages and risk groups. The Lens database was used to build the patent landscape of sensors for continuous glucose monitoring. Retrospective analysis showed that the patenting of sensors for

Tumor necrosis factor alpha as a marker of systemic and local inflammation in "Работает" smokers.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking induces a local and systemic inflammatory reaction and also a decline in pulmonary function. There are some novel noninvasive methods to measure the degree of inflammatory bronchial reaction, including the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in which several inflammatory markers can be measured, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). There is a clear clinical need to develop methods that allow early detection of smokers at risk of losing pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES: THE AIMS OF THE PRESENT STUDY ARE: 1) to show that smokers show higher levels of TNF-alph

Asthma in elite athletes: how do we manage asthma-like symptoms and asthma in elite athletes?

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is frequent in elite athletes and the high prevalence of asthma might be associated with specific types of sport. It has been suggested that chronic endurance training might increase the number of neutrophils in the airways, and this may reflect airway injury. The use of anti-asthmatic medication in elite athletes is also currently under scrutiny in order to reduce the risk of under-treatment or over treatment. OBJECTIVES: Determine the use of anti-asthmatic medication and the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms and asthma in Danish elite athletes. Further, to determine wh

[The effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia caused by obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome on blood pressure].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia caused by obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and chronic continuous hypoxia caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on blood pressure and levels of nitric oxide (NO)/endothelin (ET). METHODS: A total of 85 cases were selected, including OSAHS patients over 18 years old visited this hospital from June to August 2006, stable COPD patients and healthy volunteers. According to the results of clinical questionnaire, pulmonary function test and polysomography (PSG), they were divided into 4 groups: non-sm

Amphibian respiration and olfaction and their relationships: from Robert Townson (1794) to the present.

The present review examines the developments in the elucidation of the mechanisms of amphibian respiration and olfaction. Research in these two areas has largely proceeded along independent lines, despite the fact that ventilation of the nasobuccopharyngeal cavity is a basic element in both functions. The English naturalist Robert Townson demonstrated, in the 1790s, that amphibians, contrary to general belief, ventilated the lungs by a pressure-pump mechanism. Frogs and other amphibians respire by alternatively dilating and contracting the buccopharyngeal cavity. During dilatation, with the mo

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old.

BACKGROUND: This Cochrane review was first published in 2005 and updated in 2007, 2012 and now 2015. Acute bronchiolitis is the leading caus … fferent techniques of chest physiotherapy (for example, vibration and percussion and passive forced exhalation). SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (2015, Issue 9) (accessed 8 July 2015), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2015), MEDLINE in-process and other non-indexed citations (July 2015), EMBASE (1990 to July 2015), CINAHL (1982 to July 2015), LILACS (1985 to July …

Alterations in Salivary Proteome following Single Twenty-Minute Session of Yogic Breathing.

Yogic breathing (YB) has been suggested to reduce stress and blood pressure and increase cognitive processes. However, alterations after YB at the molecular level are not well established. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized into two groups (N = 10 per group): YB or attention controls (AC). The YB group performed two YB exercises, each for ten minutes, for a total of twenty minutes in a single session. AC group read a text of their choice for 20 minutes. Saliva was collected at baseline and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Using Mass Spectrometry (MS), we initially found that 22 proteins we

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Repeatedly chant a phrase within mind (e.g., “ I'm beautiful, ” “ I'm relaxed, ” “ Om Namasivaya, ” etc.) for two times (inhalation), eight times (holding), and four times (exhalation). … (c) Open right nostril and exhale for four chants. Complete exhalation is required. (d) Go to step (a) and repeat. The subjects performed TP for 10 min. Salivary samples were collected at 5 and 10 minutes of TP (see below). …

The management of type 2 inflammatory respiratory diseases: a Chinese expert consensus [2024].

BackgroundType 2 (T2) inflammatory respiratory diseases encompass a range of conditions characterized by inflammation affecting the airways and lung parenchyma, with their pathogenesis rooted in T2 inflammation. Biological treatments that mitigate T2 inflammation revolutionize the therapeutic landscape for these respiratory diseases. However, there are decision-making difficulties in terms of the target population, timing of initiation, and type selection for biological targeted therapy.MethodsSearch strategies were focused on relevant issues related to T2 inflammatory respiratory diseases fro

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with asthma complicated with different types of persistent airflow limitation].

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with asthma combined with different types of persistent airflow limitation (PAL). Methods: We prospectively collected the clinical data of 288 asthma patients with PAL treated in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2020 to December 2024, including 170 males and 118 females, aged (63.30±9.19) years. The patients were divided into the PAL type asthma (PAL-A) group (141 patients) and the asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) group (147 patients) based on cl

[Characteristics of type 2 inflammation in nocturnal asthma and evaluation of the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids combination therapy].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of type 2 inflammation in patients with nocturnal asthma, and analyze the improvement of asthma symptoms after the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with different long-acting bronchodilators. Methods: Data of 231 asthma patients who first visited the Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Clinic of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023 and had positive bronchodilator tests (BDT), were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into nocturnal asthma group and non-nocturnal asthma group

The Fish Oil to Reduce Tobacco Use iN Expectant mothers (FORTUNE) feasibility trial.

BACKGROUND: Three small clinical trials have suggested that supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) found in fish oils may reduce nicotine cravings and at higher doses reduce cigarette consumption. Pregnant women who smoke have fewer pharmacologic options to aid them with smoking cessation. Although n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has been studied in pregnancy, few studies have evaluated doses of ≥4 g per day, and no previous studies have selectively enrolled pregnant women who smoke. High-dose n

Circulating IL-6 associates with a distinct pediatric asthma subtype and serves as a potential key predictor for risk stratification.

BACKGROUNDS: Childhood asthma is a heterogeneous disease wherein systemic inflammation, particularly involving nontype 2 cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), is not universally present and its clinical significance remains unclear. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to elucidate the association between circulating IL-6 levels and the phenotypic characteristics of pediatric asthma, and to explore the potential value of IL-6 as a predictive biomarker for asthma phenotypic risk stratification. METHODS: Plasma IL-6 levels were quantified in 105 newly diagnosed pediatric asthma pati

Digital-Assisted Community Pharmacy Cessation for Dual-Tobacco Users in Jordan: A Hybrid Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Tobacco use remains a major public health challenge in Jordan, where cigarette smoking and waterpipe use are both common and dual use is increasingly prevalent. Community pharmacies are highly accessible healthcare settings, yet structured smoking-cessation services remain underutilized. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and implementation of Dual-Quit Digital, a pharmacist-delivered cessation counseling program tailored to the type of tobacco used, paired with a 6-month automated WhatsApp® (Menlo Park, CA, USA) follow-up system. We conducted a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group,

SUBJECT INDEX Volume 125 (JANUARY–JUNE, 2004)

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NTP Technical Report on the metabolism, toxicity and predicted carcinogenicity of diazoaminobenzene (CAS No. 136-35-6).

Diazoaminobenzene is used as an intermediate, complexing agent, and polymer additive. It is also an impurity in certain color additives used … to male and female rats and male mice were readily absorbed and excreted mainly in the urine, with exhalation of volatile organics accounting for about 1% of the dose. The only volatile metabolite detected in the breath was benzene, and all the metabolites in the urine were those previously shown to result from the metabolism of benzene and aniline in rats …

Development of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for Hematologic Malignancy Patients: A Delphi Study.

PurposeHematologic malignancies (HM) are a group of malignant clonal diseases that pose significant treatment challenges and adversely impact patient survival and quality of life. This study aimed to develop a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program specifically for HM patients and to refine it for application in China.Patients and methodsA research team comprised of nursing directors, psychology experts, and other professionals was established, and then a literature review was conducted to assemble information needed to develop the MBSR intervention protocol. Following this, a Delph

NAPCON 2025 – Best Original Research Abstracts

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