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Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum): A Systematic Review.

BackgroundShallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a traditional plant species used throughout the world both for culinary purposes and as a folk remedy. To date (i.e., April 2022), there is no report on the main pharmacological activities exerted by shallot preparations and/or extracts.Scope and approachThe aim of this study was to comprehensively review the pharmacological activities exerted by shallot, with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the scientific rigor of studies. Prisma guidelines were followed to perform the literature search.Key findings and conclusionsThe literature

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… P : rhizomes | ( 83 ) Uric acid level lowering | In vivo A/M : potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia O : male Sprague-Dawley rats PC : Allopurinol | ( E ) 10.5 g/kg/day (PC) 0.005 g/kg/day ↓ Uric acid levels ↓ Histological changes in liver ↕ Histological changes in kidney | J (Water; SLR 1:1) | Grand …

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy and Its Significance in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) has a five-year prevalence worldwide of 230,000 people and is known as the second most common hematological malignancy within the United States. Extensive research has been conducted to gain a wide range of treatment strategies, providing hope to these patients. Combination therapy using chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs are the current management of choice. After the introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, promising results have been evidenced. In this therapy, T cells are derived from the patient and modified in-vitr

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… Tumor Lysis Syndrome Rapid destruction of cells following CAR T cell therapy results in hyperuricemia, electrolyte disturbances, and renal injury. Management for increased levels of uric acid includes IV fluids, allopurinol, and rasburicase [ 36 ]. …

T-cell Immunotherapies and the Role of Nonclinical Assessment: The Balance between Efficacy and Pathology.

Gene-engineered T-cell therapies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. These therapies have shown exceptional clinical efficacy specifically in the field of B-cell malignancies and the first products (Kymriah™ and Yescarta™) have recently been approved in the United States for specific indications. The power of these treatments is also linked with a distinct set of toxicities both predicted and unpredicted, including off-tumor activity, cytokine release syndromes, and neurotoxicity, occasionally with fatal consequences. As these therapies begin to reach more patients, it

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… Clinically, the syndrome is characterized by rapid development of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and acute kidney injury ( Sarno 2013 ). … The release can inundate renal elimination and cellular buffering mechanisms, leading to numerous metabolic derangements, that characterize this syndrome, specifically hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia. …

Metabolic Insights From Composition-Based Analysis of Kidney Stones: A Retrospective Study of 506 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent condition with increasing global incidence and recurrence. The stone composition reflects underlying metabolic and biochemical alterations, and its evaluation may provide clinically relevant information for effective management. AIM: To evaluate the distribution of stone composition in a large surgical cohort and explore its association with routinely assessed metabolic parameters and recurrence patterns. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 506 adult patients who underwent surgical stone removal between 2018 and 2024

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… Distinct metabolic patterns were observed across stone subtypes: uric acid stones tended to cluster with acidic urine and hyperuricemia, whereas calcium-based stones demonstrated broader metabolic heterogeneity, including low urinary volume and hypocitraturia, even at the first presentation. …

Урмодулин для различения между гломерулонефритом, диабетической болезнью почек и нефросклерозом в биопсии-провенном коорте.

Фон/цели: Клинически важное значение имеет проведение различия между гломерулонефритом (ГН) и диабетическим заболеванием почек (DKD) и нефросклерозом (NS). Урмодулин (uUMOD), биомаркер почечной трубки, может способствовать дискриминации между этими хроническими заболеваниями почек (CKD) и этиологией. Мы оценили диагностическую полезность UUMOD для деления GN на DKD и NS. Методы: Это ретроспективное одноцентральное исследование охватывало 90 пациентов с биопсией GN (n = 30), DKD (n = 25) или NS (n = 35). Первые утренние пробы мочи, полученные до биопсии, были проанализированы с точки зрения кон

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… Conversely, DKD and NS are generally managed with optimization of metabolic and hemodynamic risk factors, including strict blood pressure control, treatment of hyperglycemia, management of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia, and use of renoprotective agents [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. …

Распространение и идентификация типа 1 диабет у взрослых китайцев с недавно диагностированным диабетом.

АИМ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке распространенности скрытого аутоиммунного диабета среди взрослых (ЛАДА) и классического типа 1 Диагноз сахарного диабета (T1DM) у недавно диагностировавшегося взрослого диабета в Китае. МЕТОД: Это перекрестное исследование 17,349 вновь диагностированный диабет у взрослых ≥30 лет с 46 Больницы 31 месяцев. Демографические характеристики, клинические особенности и медицинская история были собраны квалифицированными исследователями. T1DM в целом состояли из классических T1DM и ЛАДА. Классический T1DM был определен на основе клинического фенотипа ин

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… cardiomyopathy, post congenital heart surgery, and pericardial effusion. c Kidney diseases included primary or secondary nephritis and chronic kidney disease. d One patient with SLE had an adrenal tumor. e Other comorbidities included primary or secondary anemia, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, gout or hyperuricemia …

Insights into Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Use in Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A FIGARO Subgroup Analysis.

The Facilitated Immunoglobulin Administration Registry And Outcomes (FIGARO) Study was a European, multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted across Europe designed to provide insights on the clinical use and tolerability of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG). Data herein are reported for the cohort of patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID), with a subgroup analysis by age. The SID cohort included 31 patients: 1 pediatric, 15 adult, and 15 older adult patients. Over the 36-month observation period, the median monthly dose of fSCIG (30 g) and median monthly inf

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… At inclusion, more than 80% of patients reported concomitant diseases, including arterial hypertension (41.9%), cancer (22.6%), gastrointestinal disease (19.4%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.9%), and hyperuricemia (12.9%). …

Incidence and management of adverse events in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma receiving single-agent carfilzomib.

Carfilzomib, a selective proteasome inhibitor approved in the USA in 2012, is a single agent for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Carfilzomib is administered as a 2-10-minute infusion on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of a 28-day cycle at a starting dose of 20 mg/m(2) for cycle 1 and a target dose of 27 mg/m(2) thereafter. In the pivotal Phase II study (PX-171-003-A1), carfilzomib 20/27 mg/m(2) provided durable responses in a heavily pretreated population with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (n=266), with an overall response rate of 22.9% and a median duration of response of 7.8

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… Tumor lysis syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic complication resulting from the rapid destruction of cancer cells and release of their intracellular contents. 34 , 35 The clinical manifestations of tumor lysis syndrome include increased lactate dehydrogenase, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia …

Monoclonal Antibodies Approved for Cancer Therapy

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… Cutaneous : rash, pruritus, dermatitis Siltuximab (Sylvant ® ) | IL-6 | Not for patients with severe infections or live vaccines, IR, cautionary use in patients with GI perforation risk | Systemic : hyperuricemia, URTI, increased weight. … As is well known for TLS, patients with high tumor burden are at greater risk of acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia which can occur within 12–24 h of the first infusion. Infections, sometimes serious, may be bacterial, fungal, or viral in origin. …

2022 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines on clinical management of toxicity in anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has emerged as a novel modality for treating relapsed and/or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). With increasing approval of CAR T-cell products and advances in CAR T cell therapy, CAR T cells are expected to be used in a growing number of cases. However, CAR T-cell-associated toxicities can be severe or even fatal, thus compromising the survival benefit from this therapy. Standardizing and studying the clinical management of these toxicities are imperative. In contrast to other hematological malignancies,

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… Clinical manifestations of TLS include hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and acute renal insufficiency. … adequate intravenous hydration (≥3,000 mL/day) to maintain urine volume (≥3,000 mL/day), with diuretics used if necessary; (3) sodium bicarbonate administered to ensure urine pH between 7.0 and 7.5; (4) correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbances; (5) allopurinol or febuxostat for treatment of hyperuricemia …

Diagnostics, Risk Factors, Treatment and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in a New Paradigm.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition among patients admitted in the hospitals. The condition is associated with both increased short-term and long-term mortality. With the development of a standardized definition for AKI and the acknowledgment of the impact of AKI on patient outcomes, there has been increased recognition of AKI. Two advances from past decades, the usage of computer decision support and the discovery of AKI biomarkers, have the ability to advance the diagnostic method to and further management of AKI. The increasingly widespread use of electronic health reco

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… Admission hyperuricemia increases the risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients Clin. Kidney J. 2016 9 51 56 10.1093/ckj/sfv086 26798461 PMC4720187 11. Cheungpasitporn W. Thongprayoon C. Erickson S.B. … The Predictive Value of Hyperuricemia on Renal Outcome after Contrast-Enhanced Computerized Tomography J. Clin. Med. 2019 8 1003 10.3390/jcm8071003 31295810 PMC6678139 65. Thongprayoon C. Cheungpasitporn W. Lertjitbanjong P. Aeddula N.R. Bathini T. Watthanasuntorn K. Srivali N. Mao M.A. Kashani K. …

A Rare Presentation of Multiple Myeloma as a Second Primary Cancer Sequential to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: The sequential occurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) a common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) is exceedingly rare, presenting a significant challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: The case report discusses a 60-year-old male patient with a history of DLBCL which was diagnosed following symptoms of fever, weight loss and night sweats. He was treated with RVP (rituximab 375 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, prednisolone 60 mg/m2) and R-CHOP regimen (rituximab 375 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2,

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… The patient also presented with hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, elevated BUN, and serum creatinine, a low eGFR and hyperuricemia which indicates renal dysfunction, cumulatively rising the concern for tumor lysis syndrome. …

Clinical review: specific aspects of acute renal failure in cancer patients.

Acute renal failure (ARF) in cancer patients is a dreadful complication that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Moreover, ARF may preclude optimal cancer treatment by requiring a decrease in chemotherapy dosage or by contraindicating potentially curative treatment. The pathways leading to ARF in cancer patients are common to the development of ARF in other conditions. However, ARF may also develop due to etiologies arising from cancer treatment, such as nephrotoxic chemotherapy agents or the disease itself, including post-renal obstruction, compression or infiltration, and metabolic o

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… Semin Hematol 2001 Suppl 10 4 8 11694945 10.1016/S0037-1963(01)90037-X Kalemkerian GP Darwish B Varterasian ML Tumor lysis syndrome in small cell carcinoma and other solid tumors Am J Med 1997 103 363 367 9375703 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00153-8 Pui CH Urate oxidase in the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia …

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

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CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy induces high response rates in extramedullary relapsed Multiple Myeloma.

C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer. We have recently reported promising first-in-man experience with CXCR4-directed endoradiotherapy (ERT) in multiple myeloma (MM). Eight heavily pretreated MM patients underwent a total of 10 ERT cycles (7 patients with 1 cycle and a single patient with 3 cycles). ERT was administered in combination with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support. End points were occurrence and timing of adverse events, progression-free and overall survival. ERT was overall well tolerated

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… One patient with very high tumor burden and high tumor proliferation (patient #8) experienced tumor lysis syndrome two days after ERT with hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia and subsequent acute kidney injury. Despite intense supportive care this patient died 13 days after ERT. …

Improvement in renal function and its impact on survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Renal impairment (RI) is seen in over a quarter of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). It is not clear if reversal of RI improves the outcome to that expected for NDMM patients without RI. We evaluated 1135 consecutive patients with NDMM seen at the Mayo Clinic between January 2003 and December 2012. RI was defined as having a creatinine clearance (CrCl) <40ml/min. The median overall survival (OS) for patients with RI at diagnosis receiving and not receiving novel agent induction therapy was not reached vs 46 months (P<0.001). The median OS for patients with CrCl ⩾40 ml/min

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… common in patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), ~20–40%, 2 , 3 and forms one of the defining features for diagnosis of symptomatic disease. 4 RI in NDMM patients is often multifactorial and can be secondary to any of the following disease-related factors such as cast nephropathy, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia …

Practical management of disease-related manifestations and drug toxicities in patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a very heterogeneous disease with multiple symptoms and clinical manifestations. MM affects mainly elderly patients and is difficult to manage in the presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty and adverse events of disease-targeted drugs. The rapid changes in MM treatment resulting from constant innovations in this area, together with the introduction of numerous new drugs with distinct mechanisms of action and toxicity profiles, have led to an increased complexity in the therapeutic decision-making and patient management processes. The prolonged exposure to nove

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… Tumor lysis syndrome MM is associated with a low incidence of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS); patients at higher risk are those with baseline hyperuricemia, renal dysfunction, volume depletion or high tumor burden. … In patients with ongoing TLS or severe hyperuricemia, administration of rasburicase (0.2mg/kg/day, in 50 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, infused over 30 minutes) is recommended ( 64 , 86 ). …

Plasma Erythropoietin Levels and Anemia in Vietnamese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: 2018-2019.

Background and aimEndogenous erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency has been associated with anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal injury. The purpose of this study was to characterize EPO levels and anemia in Vietnamese patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted with 219 patients who were selected: 129 with T2DM and CKD, 51 with T2DM without CKD, and 49 healthy controls. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square tests, and univariate ROC curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of variables for anemia

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… Gao Z., Zuo M., Han F., et al., “Renal Impairment Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Different Types of Hyperuricemia,” Journal of Diabetes Investigation 10, no. 1 (2019): 118–123, 10.1111/jdi.12850. 10. …

Safety of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Patients With Renal Failure/Acute Kidney Injury: Focused Review.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is novel immunotherapy targeting specifically cancerous cells, and has been shown to induce durable remissions in some refractory hematological malignancies. However, CAR T-cell therapy has adverse effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and acute kidney injury (AKI), among others. Not many studies have covered the repercussions of CAR T-cell therapy on the kidneys. In this review, we summarized the available evidence on the safety profile of CAR T-cel

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… Patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy can develop fulminant HLH and present with increased lactate dehydrogenase, hyperuricemia, IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ. …

Systemic AL amyloidosis: current approach and future direction.

Systemic Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of amyloidogenic monoclonal light chain fragments causing organ dysfunction. It is a fatal disease and if not diagnosed and treated early can lead to organ failure and potentially death. The renal system along with the cardiovascular system are the most common organs involved but other organs such as gut and liver can be involved as well. The initial evaluation of patients requires confirming the diagnosis with tissue biopsy and staining with Congo red followed by confirmatory t

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… The most common treatment-related adverse events in phase 1a included grade 1 to 2 nausea, diarrhea, rash, pruritus, and hyperuricemia [ 33 ]. …