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Diffusion-weighted MR of the brain: methodology and clinical application.

Clinical diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in humans started in the last decade with the demonstration of the capabilities of this t … he differential diagnosis between brain abscess and cystic tumour and between epidermoid tumour and arachnoid cyst. On the other hand, the results obtained with diffusion MR in the characterisation of type and extension of glioma do not yet allow decision making in the individual patient. Diffusion is one of the most relevant MR techniques to have contribut …

Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J.Wen: An overview of pharmacological studies.

PURPOSE: Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J.Wen syn. A. mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim is evaluated for its medicinal application. … nd astheno-hypochondriasis syndromes), myasthenia syndrome (accompanied with chronic post-influenza arachnoiditis), and arterial hypotension. Aralia tincture and "Saparal" are useful as antiviral remedies. Radioprotective properties of Aralia have been reported in pregnant women. Synergistic antiobesity effect was reported for the combination of A. mandshur …

Vertebroplasty and delayed subdural cauda equina hematoma: Review of literature and case report.

Vertebroplasy is considered an alternative and effective treatment of painful oncologic spine disease. Major complications are very rare, but with high morbidity and occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo vertebroplasty. Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is an extremely rare complication, usual developing within 12 h to 24 h after the procedure. We report the case of a tardive SDH in an oncologic patient who underwent VP for Myxoid Liposarcoma metastasis. Trying to explain the pathogenesis, we support the hypothesis that both venous congestion of the vertebral venous plexus of the vertebra

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… Both patients improved after the second surgical procedure, but reported back pain after a few months, with an MRI showing spinal arachnoiditis, controlled with steroids and anti-inflammatory drug therapy. … Although some authors have suggested that thin and delicate extra-arachnoid vessels on the inner surface of dura can give rise to SDH, it is confined to specific cases occurring in association with a subarachnoid hemorrhage of traumatic origin[ 34 ]. …

Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases

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… The cause of arachnoidal cysts is unknown, but may be related to factors that include previous trauma, inflammation, and developmental or congenital malformations. 92 An arachnoidal cyst in a 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with paraparesis was associated with a lordotic malalignment … Diagnosis of spinal arachnoidal cysts is made using myelography, CT-myelography, or MRI. …

Disorders of the Spinal Cord

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… Foramen magnum decompression with dura and arachnoid excision is preferred for syringohydromyelia associated with occipital malformation syndrome ( Vermeersch et al., 2004 ). B. … Retrospective analysis of spinal arachnoid cysts in 14 dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2002;16:690. doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0690:raosac>2.3.co;2. Saito TB, Alfieri AA, Wosiacki SR. …

Scoping Review of Treatment Strategies for Holmes Tremor: Pharmacological and Surgical Interventions.

BACKGROUND: Holmes tremor is a rare neurological condition, first described in 1904, characterized by a low-frequency tremor that manifests at rest, posture, and action. Despite its recognition for over a century, effective treatment strategies for Holmes tremor remain elusive due to its rarity and challenges in conducting robust studies. METHODS: Given that the existent medical literature on Holmes tremor is based on reports and case series, we conducted a survey using the keywords "Holmes tremor" and "Rubral tremor" to analyze the therapeutic approaches utilized, as well as their success ra

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… Successful Surgical Treatment of an Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst Inducing Holmes’ Tremor. Movement Disord Clin Pract. 2023. Jun;10(6):998–1000. DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13744 47. Remy P, De Recondo A, Defer G, Loc’h C, Amarenco P, Plante-Bordeneuve V, et al. … Successful surgical treatment of an arachnoid cyst inducing a Holmes’ tremor. Movement Disorders. 2012. Jul;27(8):964–964. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25039 95. Kim MC, Son BC, Miyagi Y, Kang JK. Vim thalamotomy for Holmes’ tremor secondary to midbrain tumour. …

Multiple myeloma presenting as an intramedullary spinal cord tumor: a case report and review of the literature.

BackgroundExtramedullary disease in multiple myeloma often portends a worse diagnosis. In approximately 1% of cases, multiple myeloma may metastasize to the central nervous system as either leptomeningeal involvement or an intracranial, intraparenchymal lesion. Spinal cord metastases, however, are exceedingly rare. We present a case of spinal cord multiple myeloma as well as a literature review of reported cases.Case presentationA 66-year-old African American man with multiple myeloma presented with acute midthoracic pain and lower extremity paresis and paresthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging

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… Another hypothesis suggests hematogenous spread from traversal of the arachnoid veins by myeloma cells [ 5 ]. Spillage of cells into the cerebrospinal fluid would thus then be evident on cytologic assessment [ 20 ]. … In this way, the neural invasion of MM closely reflects that seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in which CNS involvement initially involves the adventitia bordering the arachnoid veins [ 27 ]. …

Cerebrospinal Fluid sCD27 в качестве биомаркера неевроинфламационной болезни: систематический обзор и мета-анализ.

Нейровоспалительные заболевания центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) создают значительные диагностические проблемы из-за переплетения клинических характеристик и отсутствия конкретных биомаркеров, способных надежно обнаруживать воспаление CNS. Растворимый CD27 (SCD27) — маркер адаптивной иммунной активации, выпущенный на CD27-CD70 SCD27 стал многообещающим биомаркером цереброспиновой жидкости (CSF), однако его клиническая полезность остается неясной. Цель этого систематического обзора и метаанализа заключалась в уточнении диагностического значения CSF SCD27 в нейронных условиях. Мы систематически

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… Treatment status not further specifies | sCD27 mean: In case group overall: ‐LI + (6): 126.44 ‐LI – (24): 68.05 NIND: no exact value, in article written below cutoff value (350) Panackal et al. ( 2017 ) | Cryptococcal spinal arachnoiditis*: 6 *IND in this review | HC: 11 | All patients were treated with … “Spinal Arachnoiditis as a Complication of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Non‐HIV Previously Healthy Adults.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 64, no. 3: 275–283. 10.1093/cid/ciw739. R Core Team . 2024. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (4.4.2). …

Leptomeningeal Disease as an Initial Presenting Manifestation in Breast Cancer.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) occurs in less than 5% of breast cancer patients. Rarely, patients present with LMD at diagnosis. We report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with lower back pain, radicular neuropathy with lower extremity weakness, and was found to have diffuse LMD. Workup was initiated to evaluate the etiology of LMD and later involved iliac bone biopsy showed metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with breast carcinoma. Patient received radiation therapy followed by abemaciclib with letrozole and responded well with the treatment.

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… Introduction Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), also known as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, refers to infiltration of tumor cells into the leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid mater) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the arachnoid space. …

Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in a Patient with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with a median survival of 3-11 months when metastatic. We present a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer and an exceptional response to initial systemic chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin). Despite evidence of disease control on body imaging, he developed symptomatic leptomeningeal disease and brain metastases 29 months into treatment. He received aggressive treatment with capecitabine and irinotecan, intrathecal topotecan, and eventually bevacizumab. He did well for 36 w

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… Arachnoiditis, a more significant side effect, did not affect patients in the 0.2- or 0.4-mg groups [ 11 ]. … Without a direct comparison of intrathecal agents available in the setting of an extraordinarily rare presentation of pancreatic cancer metastasis to the leptomeninges, we chose topotecan over methotrexate because topotecan has better long-term tolerability and is associated with a lower rate of arachnoiditis …

Aggressive Central Nervous System Relapse after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Multiple Myeloma: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Extramedullary disease is an aggressive presentation at diagnosis and relapse for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Central nervous system (CNS) is a very rare manifestation of the extramedullary disease, accounting for less than 1% of MM on diagnosis and relapse. Neurological symptoms are unspecific and usually attributed to other causes. We present two patients with CNS-MM at relapse after autologous stem cell transplant highlighting the importance of clinical suspicion and interdisciplinarity at diagnostic workup as well as the need for intensive therapeutic options on such rare and aggressiv

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… Autopsy studies in MM patients revealed that circulating plasma cells can infiltrate the arachnoid veins diffusely leading to the destruction of the arachnoid trabeculae and continuously spread to CSF [ 8 , 16 ]. …

The utility of stereotactic biopsy of intracranial lesions in the diagnosis of leukemia complicated by central nervous system lesions.

BACKGROUND: Leukemia complicated by central nervous system (CNS) lesions (LCNSL) includes leukemia involving the CNS (CNSL) and CNS secondary lesions related to leukemia treatment (e.g., CNS infections, leukoencephalopathy, inflammatory demyelination, and vascular diseases). The clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of different types of LCL are similar, increasing the possibility of misdiagnosis. This study aimed to enhance our understanding and management of LCL. METHODS: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 22 patients with LCL and analyzed their magnetic resonance

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… Price RA Johnson WW The central nervous system in childhood leukemia: I The arachnoid Cancer 1973 31 3 520 533 10.1002/1097-0142(197303)31:3<520::AID-CNCR2820310306>3.0.CO;2-2 4511909 Price RA, Johnson WW. The central nervous system in childhood leukemia: I. … The arachnoid Cancer. 1973;31(3):520–33. 4511909 10.1002/1097-0142(197303)31:3<520::aid-cncr2820310306>3.0.co;2-2 22. Frishman-Levy L, Izraeli S. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of CNS acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and potential for therapy. …

[Operative neurosurgery: personal view and historical backgrounds (3). Anterior circulation--pterional approach].

Under the title of anterior circulation aneurysms and the pterional approach, followings are presented and emphasized along with mentioning … away enough to do surgery in question at the skull base even at the time of "angry brain" due to subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH. This procedure can be followed by selective extradural anterior clinoidectomy SEAC in case of necessity. The dura is opened in a curvilinear fashion so that the dura can be reflected over the drilled sphenoid wing and so that the Syl …

Геномическая аттестация в Biobank Cohort предлагает роль C8B и MFG-E8 в патогенезе Тригеминальной Невралгии.

Тригеминальная нейронгия (TN) — серьезная болевая болезнь, вызванная неопределенной патофизиологией и неясным генетическим фоном. Хотя недавние исследования свидетельствуют о том, что генетические факторы играют более важную роль в патогенезе ТН, на сегодняшний день было предложено несколько потенциальных генов. Цель настоящего исследования состояла в том, чтобы выявить независимые генетические варианты генов белкового кодирования, связанных с ТН. Мы сосредоточились на генах, ранее связанных с TN, на основе результатов four Протеомные исследования, проведенные нашей исследовательской группой.

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… TNF-β, reported to be elevated in the CSF of TN patients (Ericson et al. 2019 ), contributes to the development of tertiary lymphoid organs, potentially reflecting the observed arachnoiditis associated with the trigeminal nerve in TN. … Notably, tertiary lymphoid organs produce MFG-E8 (Krautler et al. 2012 ), and elevated MFG-E8 levels could potentially reflect such arachnoiditis. …

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: A Review.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) occurs in 0.06% of gastric cancers. As such, trials are difficult to power and quantitative analyses difficult to standardize. We composed a review and analysis of 47 recent cases to be used as a comprehensive resource for an oncologist faced with managing this highly morbid, rapidly fatal disease. Gold-standard of diagnosis of LM is through cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology; MRI is the preferred imaging modality to identify LM. However, repeated lumbar punctures and imaging studies are often req

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… Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) has been reported to occur in 1 – 8% of all cancer patients [ 4 ] and in 5 – 15% of all stage IV cancers [ 5 ]; it is described as the involvement of the arachnoid mater, the pia mater, and the subarachnoid space (Fig. 1 ). … swelling of rectus lateralis muscle Repeat: LM at cranial nerve VII and VIII bilaterally | MDA Cioni E | 2020 | 39 | F | C + (SR) | Dural parafalcine nodular lesions, diffuse bihemispheric dural neoplastic involvement without LM | ADA, SR Patan S | 2020 | 32 | F | C + (ADA) | New pachymeningeal (dura-arachnoid …

Imaging for Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: What, When, and How?

Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up of patients with plasma cell bone disease. The radiologic diagnostic paradigm has thus far evolved with developing technology and availability of better imaging platforms; however, the skewed availability of these imaging modalities in developed vis-à-vis the developing countries along with the lack of uniformity in reporting has led to a consensus on the imaging criteria for diagnosing and response assessment in plasma cell dyscrasia. Therefore, it is imperative for not only the radiologists but also the treating

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… These are prominent intraosseous arachnoid granulations or foveolae, and must not be confused for lytic lesions. These typically occur in vicinity of the venous sinuses and on MRI these show CSF signal intensity. … These are prominent intraosseous arachnoid granulations or foveolae, and must not be confused for lytic lesions. These typically occur in vicinity of the venous sinuses and on MRI these show CSF signal intensity. …

Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced lymphatic dysfunction for mitigating bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the first-line treatment to stop bone resorption in diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma and bone metastases of cancer. However, BPs-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), characterized by local inflammation and jawbone necrosis, is a severe intractable complication. The cumulative inflammatory burden often accompanies impaired lymphatic drainage, but its specific impact on BRONJ and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: The mouse BRONJ model was established to assess the integrity and drainage function of ly

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… Arachnoid granulations are lymphatic conduits that communicate with bone marrow and dura‐arachnoid stroma . J Exp Med . 2023 ; 220 ( 2 ): e20220618 . 36469302 10.1084/jem.20220618 PMC9728136 13 Biswas L , Chen J , De Angelis J , et al. Lymphatic vessels in bone support regeneration after injury . …

Агрессивная внутричерепная менингиома, связанная с множественным склерозом.

Менингиомы являются наиболее распространенными первичными опухолями центральной нервной системы (КНС) и часто требуют радиационной терапии (RT), которая может привести к возникновению таких осложнений, как вызванное радиацией обезвоживание. В настоящем исследовании описывается случай с 40-летним пациентом мужского пола, у которого появились демиелионирующие повреждения после РТ в случае менингиомы первого класса ВОЗ, в конечном счете диагностированной с помощью MS. Это состояние имеет клинические и радиологические особенности с множественным склерозом, в том числе повреждения олигодендроцитов,

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… They arise from meningothelial (arachnoid) cells and are classified into three WHO grades based on histopathological features. …

Intracranial meningiomas, the VEGF-A pathway, and peritumoral brain oedema.

Meningiomas are the second-most common intracranial tumours in adults. They are derived from the arachnoid cells, and although approximately 90% of meningiomas are benign, more than half of all meningiomas develop peritumoral brain oedema (PTBE), which increases morbidity. The PTBE can be treated with steroid therapy, but this treatment is not specific, is not always effective, and involves long-term side-effects. Meningiomas are treated with radiation therapy, stereotactic radio-surgery or surgical resection. At the moment surgical resection is the only definite treatment, and the removal of …

Neurology

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… Meningoencephalocele has been well recognized in Burmese kittens as part of an inherited craniofacial malformation and has also been associated with in utero exposure to griseofulvin. 34 Intracranial arachnoid cysts have been reported to arise in the quadrigeminal cistern in Persian cats, with clinical … Spinal arachnoid cyst, spinal dermoid sinus, atlantoaxial malformation, hemivertebrae, inborn errors of skeletal growth, and others have also been documented in the veterinary literature. …