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Efficiency of carbon dioxide capture with metal substitutions in the MIL-88A metal-organic framework.

Carbon dioxide capture is a vital approach for mitigating air pollution and global warming. In this context, metal-organic frameworks are promising candidates. Particularly, MIL-88A (M), where the metal nodes (M) are connected to fumarate linkers in its structure, has demonstrated significant potential for CO2 capture. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effects of metal substitutions in MIL-88A (M) on CO2 capture performance. Therefore, the present work aims to address this gap by examining metal substitutions with M = Al, Sc, Ti, V, and Ga. To quantitatively understand the CO2

Real-World Effectiveness of Triple Extrafine Fixed-Dose Combination with Beclomethasone/Formoterol/Glycopyrronium on Symptoms and Lung Function in COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue characterized by persistent airflow limitation and inflammation. Triple fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) show promise by potentially enhancing bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide efficacy data, they may not fully represent real-world clinical practice, highlighting the value of real-world evidence (RWE). METHODS: This study con

TETRIS - Prospective study to observe clinical outcomes of triple therapy in COPD patients: Up to 12 months interim analysis.

BACKGROUND: Real-world cohorts provide a more universal understanding of the factors influencing treatment decision outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: The objective of the TETRIS study is to elucidate influences on treatment decisions surrounding triple therapy (TT) in COPD patients over a 2-year follow-up period in a real-world setting in Germany. TETRIS included 1217 patients with COPD with/without asthma, already on TT for 2-48 weeks. Here, we report interim analyses of clinical endpoints at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up visits in subgroups

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics confirms the oxidative stress mechanism of hypothermia-induced neuronal necroptosis.

Abnormal climate change seriously endangers the safety of outdoor work and life, often causing hypothermia-induced coma or death. As the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated, a targeted treatment for hypothermia-triggered neuronal injury and forensic pathology indicators of fatal hypothermia are lacking. Herein, we aimed to explore hypothermia-induced changes in gene expression and metabolite profiles of cerebral cortical tissues to elucidate the mechanism of hypothermia-promoted necroptosis of cerebral cortical neurons. Flow cytometry and fluoro-jade C staining showed that low t

Metabolic Markers Demonstrate the Heterogeneity of Walking Ability in Non-Disabled Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: Walking ability is important for the quality of life of older adults. A self-reported walking ability index (WAI) covering the difficulty and ease of walking captures a broader spectrum of walking ability in healthy older persons. Methods: Using metabolomics in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, we identified Year 2 metabolites cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to WAI (0-9, higher scores indicate better walking ability) using probabilistic index models and multinomial logistic models, respectively. Results: Among 2334 participants (mean age 74.6 years, 51% wom

Kidney disease among adults on tenofovir-based second-line antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Kidney disease is a growing non-AIDS-related comorbidity among people living with HIV (PLWH). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can result in proximal tubulopathy and acute tubular injury, whereas atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) can cause interstitial nephritis and renal stones, both of which can lead to chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the risk of kidney disease and morphological changes among PLWH in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of adult PLWH receiving TDF-

Ensitrelvir as a novel treatment option for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a narrative literature review.

To address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several antiviral agents targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed for clinical use. However, antivirals that can be administered irrespective of risk factors were lacking until the approval of ensitrelvir fumaric acid (hereafter, ensitrelvir) in Japan, which took effect in November 2022. Ensitrelvir is an oral SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitor currently approved in Japan and Singapore. This narrative review summarizes preclinical, clinical trial, and real-world data on ensitrelvir

IL-1β-Mediated Immunometabolic Adaptation in Corneal Epithelial Cells.

PURPOSE: As an external mucosal surface, the corneal epithelium is subject to a barrage of stressors that are known to trigger inflammation. IL-1β, a master regulator of inflammation, is secreted into the preocular tear film by ocular surface epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. While increased levels of IL-1β have been associated with corneal disease, the effects of IL-1β on mitochondrial function in corneal epithelial cells (CECs) is unknown. METHODS: To investigate the effects of IL-1β on mitochondrial function, telomerase immortalized human CECs were cultured in either 50 ng/mL

Brief Report: Resolution of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events After Switching to a Doravirine-Based Regimen in the Open-Label Extensions of the DRIVE-AHEAD and DRIVE-FORWARD Trials.

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) are associated with several antiretrovirals. Doravirine (DOR), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for HIV-1 treatment, does not interact significantly with known neurotransmitter receptors in vitro. First-line therapy with DOR-based regimens resulted in significantly fewer NPAEs than efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) and similar rates to those of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) with 2 nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) through week 96 of the phase 3 DRIVE-AHEAD

Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users who underwent bariatric surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To measure concentrations of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) among individuals taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or tenofovir alafenamide plus emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) who were scheduled to undergo or had already undergone bariatric surgery. METHODS: We enrolled pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users attending clinics in Toronto or Ottawa who were undergoing or had undergone bariatric surgery. After participants completed a minimum of 7 days of consecutive PrEP dosing, we collected DBS samples immediately before they administe

Patterns of Hepatitis B Virus Viremia Change and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss Rate in Patients Without Retreatment Within 2 Years After Entecavir or Tenofovir Cessation.

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) viremia change and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss rate without retreatment within 2 years after nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) cessation. METHODS: We enrolled 481 patients who did not receive retreatment in the first 2 years after entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate cessation. RESULTS: Group I was defined as persistent HBV DNA <2,000 IU/mL and normal alanine transaminase < 40 U/mL (inactive phase); Group II and Group III, as HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL and ALT <40 U/L (Group II) or alanine transaminase 40-80 I

Management and Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Center in Singapore.

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a leading cause of chronic viral hepatitis, particularly in Asia. Vertical transmission during pregnancy is a key contributor to chronic HBV prevalence, and maternal screening with HBV DNA quantification enables the identification of high-risk cases. Antiviral therapy is recommended for pregnant women with HBV DNA levels >200,000 IU/mL to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high maternal viral load in chronic HBV, assess the initiation of antiviral therapy, and evaluate hepatic flares

Hepatitis B Viral Rebound in People With HIV Under HBV-Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

We investigated factors associated with HBV-rebound in people with HIV (PWH) with chronic HBV (CHBV) under HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART): emtricitabine (FTC)+tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) or 3TC/FTC+ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) regimen. The present study included PWH/CHBV followed as outpatients from October 2008 to August 2023 at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. The baseline evaluation was the date of first negative HBV-DNA (< 10 IU/mL) after the first positive result before HBV active ART. Last evaluation (LE) was the first HBV-rebound (≥ 10 IU/mL) or last HBV undetectabl

Factors associated with TDF-to-TAF switching in chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B, a primary cause of liver disease and cancer, requires long-term antiviral therapy. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a novel targeted prodrug of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has reduced renal and bone toxicities while delivering comparable antiviral efficacy at a lower dose. This study aimed to identify factors associated with TAF switching within one year of its introduction in patients receiving TDF. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients (≥18 years) with chronic hepatitis B who were receiving TDF on the day TAF became reimbursab

Ten-Year Follow-Up After 96 Weeks Treatment With Peginterferon Plus Tenofovir in Hepatitis D (HIDIT-II): Improved Clinical Outcome After Combination Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Chronic delta hepatitis represents a major health burden. Until recently, pegylated interferon-alfa-2a (PEG-IFNα) therapy was the only treatment option for patients infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). The aim of this study was to evaluate 10-year long-term clinical and virological outcomes after 96 weeks of treatment with PEG-IFNα with or without tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of the Hep-Net-International-Delta-Hepatitis-Intervention-Study 2 (HIDIT-II trial). Patients had received 96 weeks of treatment with either PEG-

Implementing oral (event-driven and daily) and long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis in mobile men in sub-Saharan Africa: a phase 3b, open-label, hybrid type 2 implementation and effectiveness trial (MOBILE MEN).

BACKGROUND: Men who are mobile for work are a key population at high risk of acquiring HIV. Flexible pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options, including event-driven (ED) oral PrEP and long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA), may offer increased access and acceptability for these men. However, limited data exist on the effectiveness and implementation of CAB-LA and ED PrEP among mobile men in Africa. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness and implementation of CAB-LA and oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) (both daily and ED) through comparison of uptake, retenti

Влияние различных методов лечения на толщину спины у пациентов с множественным склерозом: обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство, воздействующее на центральную нервную систему с различными клиническими проявлениями, такими, как оптический неврит, сенсорные расстройства и синдромы головного мозга. Происхождение заболеваний контролируется с помощью таких методов, как сканирование МРТ, шкала инвалидности и томография оптической согласованности (OCT), которые могут обнаруживать утончённую сетчатку сетчатки, даже при отсутствии оптического невраита. MS прогрессирует в нейродегенерации, особенно транссинптической дегенерации, которая выходит за рамки первоначального места

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… GA exhibited a similar atrophy rate to dimethyl fumarate (for GA −0.30 μm/y 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.38 to −0.22 μm/y vs. dimethyl fumarate −0.28 μm/y 95% CI −0.35 to −0.21 μm/y) [ 76 ]. … Fumarates Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is one of the most well‐known drugs in this category and received FDA approval for MS treatment in 2013 [ 53 , 106 ]. DMF activates the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) pathway [ 107 ]. …

Оценка эффективности, безопасности и соблюдения оральной терапии лекарств у пациентов с повторным множественным склерозом.

Предыстория и цели: Отбор соответствующих лекарственных средств для борьбы с изменением болезней (ДМР) имеет решающее значение для оптимизации лечения и замедления развития заболеваний в условиях множественного склероза (МС). Исследования в реальном мире позволяют оценить эффективность наркотиков и их использование в обычной клинической практике. Поэтому цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить эффективность и безопасность пероральной терапии для пациентов с повторно излучающимся множественным склерозом и особенностями участия в терапии. Материалы и методы: Ретроспективное и пе

Interventions promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and axonal damage. Current therapies primarily manage symptoms and slow disease progression but do not achieve remyelination. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of remyelination-promoting interventions in MS, focusing on clinical trials utilizing outcome measures validated in prior studies as indicators of remyelination. METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted in May 2024. Cl

Effects of complex probiotics on intestinal function and its regulatory mechanism in patients with constipation.

Chronic constipation is a multi-symptomatic, multifactorial, and heterogeneous gastrointestinal disorder. Current pharmacological treatments for chronic constipation are limited and might negatively impact the patients' quality of life. Although probiotics have been shown to improve constipation symptoms, their specific regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to explore how probiotic complexes may affect chronic constipation by improving patients' defecation habits. Furthermore, microbial profiles and non-targeted metabolites were assessed to explore the metabolic pathways invo