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[The tonsils and adenoids as a site of infection and the cause of obstruction].

The failure to eradicate group A beta-hemolytic streptococci from the pharynx is partly due to a low compliance, but above all, an alteratio … esolution of the symptoms, but not always to a normalization of functional alterations (hypoxia and hypercapnia). For this reason, it is necessary to act on other factors which cause oedema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa contributing to the obstruction. In this area, the prevention of viral infections can be achieved by vaccination against influenza and by prev …

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally. While the breast cancer prevalence continues to rise, so too do patient survival rates, thus resulting in a large survivor population. Up to 75% of this population report experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment during their cancer journey, thus reducing their quality of survivorship. This review systematically evaluates the effect of physical activity and exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional, intervention or observational studies that examined the effect of acute or

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… MOD: ↑ episodic memory ↑ MCA V and CVR to hypercapnia | ↑ V ˙ O 2 peak 79% exercise adherence 7.1. … Further, the MCA blood velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia (7% carbon dioxide, CO 2 ) were higher in both exercise interventions than the control, with a larger size effect observed in the HIIT group. …

Rhombex-29, a novel gene of the PLP/DM20-M6 family cloned from rat medulla oblongata by differential display.

The ventral medullary surface (VMS) is known as the site of the central chemosensitive neurons. These neurons sense excess CO(2)/H(+) dissolved in the cerebrospinal fluid that superfuses the VMS and induce hyperventilation. We hypothesized that genes specific for hyperventilation are expressed much more highly in VMS neurons than in extra-VMS neurons in other parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Applying the differential display technique to the brain of adult rats, we differentiated the mRNAs of the VMS neurons from those of cerebral cortex neurons. Seventeen candidate clones were selec

Improved Survival With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Despite Progressive Metabolic Derangement Associated With Prolonged Resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: The likelihood of neurologically favorable survival declines with prolonged resuscitation. However, the ability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to modulate this decline is unknown. Our aim was to examine the effects of resuscitation duration on survival and metabolic profile in patients who undergo ECPR for refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated survival in 160 consecutive adults with refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac a

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk … and IV); secondary outcomes were ventricular dilation or hydrocephalus, hypotension, pneumothorax, hypercapnia, acidosis, mechanical ventilation, neurodevelopmental impairment and death. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS: We included 10 RCTs (792 infants). The evidence suggests that phenobarbital results in …

High-flow nasal oxygen alone or alternating with non-invasive ventilation in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Although non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended for immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure in the inte … one (HFNO alone group) or NIV alternating with HFNO (NIV group). Key exclusion criteria were severe hypercapnia above 50 mm Hg, patients who could strongly benefit from NIV (ie, those with underlying chronic lung disease, with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, or who were postoperative), severe shock, impaired consciousness defined as Glasgow coma score ≤12, urge …

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been used to treat respiratory distress due to acute cardiogenic pulmonary … of NPPV compared to SMC. Future research should explore the benefit of NPPV for ACPE patients with hypercapnia.

A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the use of continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the early treatment of patients presenting to the emergency department with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: the 3CPO trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether non-invasive ventilation reduces mortality and whether there are important differences in outcome by treatm … heart rate (4/min, 1-6; p = 0.004) and improvement in acidosis (pH 0.03, 0.02-0.04; p < 0.001) and hypercapnia (0.7 kPa, 0.4-0.9; p < 0.001) at 1 hour. There were no treatment-related adverse events or differences in other secondary outcomes such as myocardial infarction rate, length of hospital stay, critical care admission rate and requirement for endotrac …

Pregnancy in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of autonomic regulation of breathing resulting from mutations in the paired-like homeobox gene. Individuals with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome demonstrate an absent or diminished physiological response to hypercapnia and hypoxia that is most severe during sleep and depend on mechanical ventilation to maintain normal gas exchange. Increased disease awareness and availability of paired-like homeobox gene testing has improved congenital central hypoventilation syndrome morbidity and mortality, and pat…

Segmental pulmonary vascular responses to changes in pH in rat lungs: role of nitric oxide.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory or renal failure is associated with changes in blood pH. Changes in pH may have profound effects on vascular tone and reactivity. Site of action of acidosis in the pulmonary vasculature and the role of nitric oxide production remain unclear. METHODS: We utilized isolated rat lung preparation perfused with autologous blood (Hct = 20%, flow rate = 33 ml/min), and investigated the effect of acidosis and alkalosis (induced by ventilation with high and low inspired CO2) on vascular resistance and the role of nitric oxide during resting and elevated tone conditions. Changes

Prognostic factors in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency with long-term extracorporeal oxygenation.

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Non-invasive ventilation in elderly patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: older patients usually receive less invasive and costly hospital care, even if they meet the criteria for Intensive Care Unit admission or have a 'do not intubate'(DNI) order. The aim of this randomised, controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) versus the standard medical therapy (SMT) in reducing the need of intubation, improving survival and reducing respiratory distress in very old patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: eighty-two patients aged >75 years (mean age 81.3 ± 3.5 years)

Relapsing polychondritis: tracheobronchial involvement and differential diagnoses.

This review is describing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP), with a focus on differential diagnoses of inflammatory origin. RP is a systemic auto-immune disease that mainly affects cartilage structures, progressing through inflammatory flare-ups between phases of remission and ultimately leading to deformation of the involved cartilages. Besides the damage of auricular or nasal cartilage, tracheobronchial and cardiac involvement are the most severe, and can seriously alter the prognosis. Tracheobronchial lesions are assesse

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… Finally, the severity of obstruction could lead to hypercapnia and ultimately to hypoxemia, due to alveolar hypoventilation. It should be noted that pulmonary diffusion capacity is not affected by the disease. … No clinical evaluation has been done, but positive pressure ventilation could benefit patients with malacia, even more if chronic hypercapnia has been demonstrated ( 20 , 98 ). …

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for chronic respiratory failure patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an evidence-based analysis.

UNLABELLED: In July 2010, the Medical Advisory Secretariat (MAS) began work on a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) evidentiary fr … improve gas exchange and sleep quality in patients who are symptomatic after optimal therapy, have hypercapnia or nocturnal hypoventilation and mild hypercapnia, and are frequently hospitalized. TECHNOLOGY: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is any form of positive ventilatory support without the use of an endotracheal tube. For stable COPD, t …

Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders.

BACKGROUND: Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is a common complication of many neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Long-term nocturnal me … mission, short-term and long-term reversal of hypoventilation-related clinical symptoms and daytime hypercapnia, improvement of lung function and sleep breathing disorders. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methodology to select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias in included studies. MAIN RESULTS: The 10 eligible trials …

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing related to neuromuscular diseases].

Neuromuscular diseases are often accompanied by various types of sleep-related breathing disorders, which can exacerbate the underlying cond … erity levels (1A).Recommendation 1: In patients with neuromuscular disorders exhibiting progressive hypercapnia or worsening hypoxemia, clinicians should investigate potential comorbid nocturnal alveolar hypoventilation and/or sleep-associated hypoxemia (1A).Recommendation 2: When sleep-disordered breathing is suspected, patients with neuromuscular disorders …

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. I. General considerations of diagnosis and the rapy.

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High Output Heart Failure in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenetic Considerations.

The high output heart failure is a clinical condition in which the systemic congestion is associated to a high output state, and it can be observed in a non-negligible percentage of hematological diseases, particularly in multiple myeloma, a condition in which the risk of adverse cardiovascular events may increase, with a worse prognosis for patients. For this reason, though an accurate literature search, we provided in this review a complete overview of different pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for high output heart failure in multiple myeloma. Indeed, this clinical finding is present in

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… Usually, the most common causes of HOHF, through pathogenetic mechanisms of vasodilatation and/or artero-venous shunting, include severe anemia, arteriovenous fistulas (acquired and/or congenital), Paget’s disease with bone involvement exceeding 15%, chronic hypercapnia, hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis … The most common causes of HOHF include severe anemia, arteriovenous fistulas (acquired and/or congenital), Paget’s disease, chronic hypercapnia, hyperthyroidism with thyrotoxicosis, sepsis, beriberi, obesity during pregnancy, chronic liver disease and carcinoid syndrome. …

[Noninvasive analysis of retinal microstructure and function: challenges and a promising future].

Challenges in the evaluation of the retinal microstructure. To facilitate evaluation of the retinal microstructure we participated in the de … cidated the mechanism of RBF regulation in response to physiologic stimuli, i.e., systemic hypoxia, hypercapnia, hyperoxia, hyperglycemia and hypertension. We showed that the retinal vascular endothelium plays an important role in regulating the RBF. In in vitro studies, we examined the effects of laminar shear stress on gene expression in human retinal micro …

Perioperative lung expansion and pulmonary outcomes after open abdominal surgery versus usual care in the USA (PRIME-AIR): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a leading cause of morbidity, death, and increased use of health-care resources … ay 7, including hypoxaemia, respiratory symptoms, atelectasis, bronchospasm, respiratory infection, hypercapnia, pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and ventilatory dependence. The primary endpoint and safety were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (ie, all participants randomly assigned to treatment who received surgery, and …