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tDCS cranial nerve Co-stimulation: Unveiling brainstem pathways involved in trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation in rats.

BACKGROUND: The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are generally thought to result from the polarization of cortical neurons by the weak electric fields it creates. However, recent evidence suggests that some tDCS effects may be mediated through co-stimulation of peripheral or cranial nerves, particularly the trigeminal nerve (TN). The TN projects to key brainstem nuclei that regulate neurotransmitter release throughout the central nervous system, but the specific pathways involved are not yet well understood. METHODS: In this study, we examined the effects of acute tra

Cerebellar dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia: intra-cerebellar pathology and cerebellar network degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share overlapping clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging features; a spectrum of conditions commonly referred to as the ALS-FTD continuum. The majority of imaging studies focus on supratentorial pathology, and phenotype-defining motor, cognitive, and behavioural profiles are often exclusively attributed to supratentorial degeneration overlooking the contribution of cerebellar pathology. METHODS: A multimodal neuroimaging study was conducted to evaluate phenotype-associated cerebello-cerebral connectivity profiles i

Differential Functional Connectivity Between Silent Reading and Resting-State fMRI and Their Relationships With Reading Performance in Children With and Without Dyslexia.

The clinical diagnostic parameters of dyslexia and the alterations it creates on brain connectivity continue to be the focus of current studies. In this study, where clinical neuropsychiatric tests and neuroimaging results are examined together, it is aimed to examine the functional connectivity differences that occur in the brain regions related to the reading pathway in children with dyslexia in a resting state and task-based manner and to compare them with healthy controls. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between the resting state and the reading task of the

A Non-spinal Neural Circuit for Transmitting Information of Bladder Conditions.

The bladder is essential for the body's fluid balance to ensure normal physiological conditions; thus, a non-pathological bladder-that is, one sustaining internal homeostasis-is critical for this function. However, the neuro-network maintaining the bladder's intrinsic homeostasis is much less well-known compared with that for urination. Here, we identified that vagal nodose ganglion-pseudounipolar neurons project down to the bladder, up to the nucleus of the solitary tract, and further to multiple brain regions. The components of this network and those revealed by direct tracing from the bladd

Monoamine Loss and Functional Connectivity Alterations in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Depression.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology and neural substrates of depression in Parkinson's disease remain unclear. It has been associated with dysregulation of the monoaminergic systems. Furthermore, functional abnormalities within the mesolimbic-basal ganglia reward circuit may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease-related depression. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate monoaminergic deficits and the corresponding changes within the striatum-mesolimbic circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease and depression. METHODS: This study included eight depressed and 18 non-depressed pa

Fetal functional connectivity prospectively associates with autistic traits in toddlerhood.

Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies has implicated widespread disruptions in brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with altered connectivity patterns reported as early as infancy. However, it remains unexplored whether functional connectivity differences are evident prior to birth in the brain of fetuses who will later exhibit autistic traits in early childhood. In this study, we leveraged a longitudinal sample of 62 children with both quality-assured fetal brain resting-state MRI data and a parent-report measure of autistic traits at age 3 years. Enrichment analysi

Связи между мозгами во время ходьбы и избегания препятствий у лиц с множественным склерозом и здоровым контролем: экспериментальное исследование ЭЭГ.

В этом исследовании были проанализированы эффективные связи и асимметрия в масштабах полушария у лиц с множественным склерозом (PwMS) по сравнению со здоровыми средствами контроля (HC) в двух условиях ходьбы: в одиночку и пешком, избегая при этом непредсказуемых препятствий. Повреждения когнитивного двигателя (CMI) анализировались с помощью электроэнцефалографии (EEG) в диапазоне бета, альфа и тета частот. Была произведена оценка прямого функционального подключения с использованием частичной целенаправленной согласованности (ПДК) для оценки различий в схемах подключения между условиями и групп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This study investigated effective connectivity and hemispheric asymmetry in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) compared to healthy contr … voidance in HC positively correlated with comfortable walking speed (r =0.57), indicating efficient neural pathways. In pwMS, connectivity showed a negative correlation with walking speed (r $= -0.65$ ), indicating compensatory but inefficient neural engagement. These findings highlight disruptions in brain connectivity during motor-cognitive tasks in pwMS, with …

The altered resting-state functional connectivity of thalamic subregions in patients with globus pharyngeus.

Globus Pharyngeus (GP) is a somatic symptom that accompanies mood distress. Although the etiology of GP remains unclear, its specific symptom of a false lump sensation in the throat without physical obstruction raises the possibility of alterations in brain networks responsible for somatosensory and emotion processing in patients with GP. To address this possibility, we investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in 31 patients with GP and 24 healthy individuals using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Considering its significance in somatosensory and emotional

Network state dynamics underpin basal craving in a transdiagnostic population.

Emerging fMRI methods quantifying brain dynamics present an opportunity to capture how fluctuations in brain responses give rise to individual variations in affective and motivation states. Although the experience and regulation of affective states affect psychopathology, their underlying time-varying brain responses remain unclear. Here, we present a novel framework to identify network states matched to an affective experience and examine how the dynamic engagement of these network states contributes to this experience. We apply this framework to investigate network state dynamics underlying

Global changes in the pattern of connectivity in developmental prosopagnosia.

Developmental prosopagnosia is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in recognizing the identity of a person from their face. While current theories of the neural basis of developmental prosopagnosia focus on the face processing network, successful recognition of face identities requires broader integration of neural signals across the whole brain. Here, we asked whether disruptions in global functional and structural connectivity contribute to the face recognition difficulties observed in developmental prosopagnosia. We found that the left temporal pole was less functio

Primary manipulation knowledge of objects is associated with the functional coupling of pMTG and aIPS.

Correctly using hand-held tools and manipulable objects typically relies not only on sensory and motor-related processes, but also centrally on conceptual knowledge about how objects are typically used (e.g. grasping the handle of a kitchen knife rather than the blade avoids injury). A wealth of fMRI connectivity-related evidence demonstrates that contributions from both ventral and dorsal stream areas are important for accurate tool knowledge and use. Here, we investigate the combined role of ventral and dorsal stream areas in representing "primary" manipulation knowledge - that is, knowledge

Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness.

Consciousness is composed of arousal (i.e., wakefulness) and awareness. Substantial progress has been made in mapping the cortical networks that underlie awareness in the human brain, but knowledge about the subcortical networks that sustain arousal in humans is incomplete. Here, we aimed to map the connectivity of a proposed subcortical arousal network that sustains wakefulness in the human brain, analogous to the cortical default mode network (DMN) that has been shown to contribute to awareness. We integrated data from ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of three human brains,

Altered individual gray matter structural covariance networks in early abstinence patients with alcohol dependence.

While alterations in cortical thickness have been widely observed in individuals with alcohol dependence, knowledge about cortical thickness-based structural covariance networks is limited. This study aimed to explore the topological disorganization of structural covariance networks based on cortical thickness at the single-subject level among patients with alcohol dependence. Structural imaging data were obtained from 61 patients with alcohol dependence during early abstinence and 59 healthy controls. The single-subject structural covariance networks were constructed based on cortical thickne

Functional Abnormality of the Reward System in Depressed Adolescents and Young Adults with and without Suicidal Behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To identify local and functional connectivity abnormalities in the brain's reward network in depressed adolescents and young adults with and without suicidal behavior. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 41 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with suicidal behavior (sMDD, males/females: 12/29), 44 MDD patients without suicidal behavior (nMDD, males/females: 13/32), and 52 healthy controls (HCs, males/females: 17/35). The Young Mania Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Columbia Suicide Scale, and Scale for Suicide Ideation were used to evaluate emotional s

A comparative study of vestibular projection connectivity and balance in healthy young adults and elderly subjects.

OBJECTIVE: Vestibular function is controlled by interactions between various neuropathways that have different effects on balance and are connected to various brain areas. However, few studies have investigated the relation between changes in VN connectivity and aging using neuroimaging. We investigated neural connectivities in the vestibular nucleus (VN) and ventralis intermedius (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus in young and old healthy adults by diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: This study recruited twenty-three normal healthy adults with no history of a neurological or musculoskeletal diseas

Altered gait speed and brain network connectivity in Parkinson's disease.

Slow gait speed and disrupted brain network connectivity are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between gait speed and clinical characteristics in PD, and explore the underlying brain network mechanisms. Forty-two PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Statistical independent component analysis and correlation analysis were employed to investigate underlying neural mechanisms and relationships. PD patients exhibited significantly slower gait speed, which showed a significant negative correlation with postural instabi

Altered static and dynamic cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in acute pontine infarction.

This study investigates abnormalities in cerebellar-cerebral static and dynamic functional connectivity among patients with acute pontine infarction, examining the relationship between these connectivity changes and behavioral dysfunction. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to collect data from 45 patients within seven days post-pontine infarction and 34 normal controls. Seed-based static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses identified divergences in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity features between pontine infarction patients and normal controls. Correlat

Atypical effective connectivity from the frontal cortex to striatum in alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a profound psychiatric condition marked by disrupted connectivity among distributed brain regions, indicating impaired functional integration. Previous connectome studies utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have predominantly focused on undirected functional connectivity, while the specific alterations in directed effective connectivity (EC) associated with AUD remain unclear. To address this issue, this study utilized multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We recruited 32 abstinent men with AUD and 30 h

Aberrant function of the salience network related to maltreatment experiences during thought-action fusion.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) causes early deviations in cognitive and affective processes, leading to future adaptation failures and psychopathology. Specifically, CM has been linked to cognitive distortions, and recent studies have focused on the impact of CM on the higher level of metacognitive beliefs. However, only a few studies have revealed the neural mechanisms underlying the association between altered metacognition and CM. Therefore, this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural correlates of thought-action fusion (TAF) tendency and CM experiences. Ove

Association between clinical features and decreased degree centrality and variability in dynamic functional connectivity in the obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neuroimaging studies have indicated widespread brain structural and functional disruptions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the underlying mechanism of these changes remains unclear. A total of 45 patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The study investigated local degree centrality (DC) abnormalities and employed abnormal regions of DC as seeds to investigate variability in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the whole brain using a sliding window approach to analyze resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship