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Nano-formulations in disease therapy: designs, advances, challenges, and future directions.

Nano-formulations, as an innovative drug delivery system, offer distinct advantages in enhancing drug administration methods, improving bioavailability, promoting biodegradability, and enabling targeted delivery. By exploiting the unique size advantages of nano-formulations, therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, can be precisely reorganized at the microscale level. This modification not only facilitates the precise release of these agents but also significantly enhances their efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, thereby creating novel opportunities for treatment of a

Control of Breast Cancer Pathogenesis by Histone Methylation and the Hairless Histone Demethylase.

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, encompassing many subtypes that have distinct origins, behaviors, and prognoses. Although traditionally seen as a genetic disease, breast cancer is now also known to involve epigenetic abnormalities. Epigenetic regulators, such as DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes, play essential roles in gene regulation and cancer development. Dysregulation of epigenetic regulator activity has been causally linked with breast cancer pathogenesis. Hairless (HR) encodes a 130-kDa transcription factor that is essential for development and tissue

BCMA-Targeting Therapy: Driving a New Era of Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma.

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has entered into a new era of immunotherapy. Novel immunotherapies will significantly improve patient outcome via simultaneously targeting malignant plasma cell (PC) and reversing immunocompromised bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), selectively expressed in PCs and a key receptor for A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), is highly expressed in MM cells from patients at all stages. The APRIL/BCMA signal cascades promote the survival and drug resistance of MM cells and further modulate immunosuppressive BM milieu. Impres

The efficacy of lavender oil on fatigue and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancy receiving chemotherapy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate how aromatherapy with the inhalation of lavender oil affects fatigue and sleep quality in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsThis randomized, parallel-group study was carried out in the Adult Bone Marrow Transplant unit and Hematology-Oncology clinics between January 2022 and April 2023. A total of 120 patients were assigned to experimental and control groups by randomization. The study was completed with 100 patients including 50 in the experimental group and 50 in the control group. Lavender essential oil was ap

Pomalidomide mitigates neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and behavioral impairments induced by traumatic brain injury in rat.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern that typically causes emotional disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Secondary pathologies following TBI may be associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders and an enhanced likelihood of developing dementia-like disease in later life. There are currently no approved drugs for mitigating the acute or chronic effects of TBI. METHODS: The effects of the drug pomalidomide (Pom), an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent, were evaluated in a rat model of moderate to severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Post-TBI

Читинас-3-подобный-1: многообразный игрок в нейроинфламмации и дегенеративной патологии с терапевтическими последствиями.

Читинас-3-подобный-1 (CHI3L1) — эволюционно сохранившийся белок, содержащийся в ключевых биологических процессах, включая реконструирование тканей, ангиогенез и нейроинфламмацию. Она стала важным игроком в различных нейродегенеративных заболеваниях и расстройствах мозга. Повышенные уровни CHI3L1 наблюдались в таких неврологических условиях, как травматическое повреждение мозга (TBI), болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS), болезнь Креуцфельда-Якоба (CJD), множественный склероз (MS), оптика нейромиелита (NMO), вызванная ВИЧ деменция (HAD), цереб

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: proteins' roles in osteoporosis and cancer diseases and the regulatory effects of natural compounds on osteoporosis.

Osteoblasts are mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, which have the functions of secreting bone matrix, promoting bone formation, and participating in bone remodeling. The abnormality of osteoblasts can cause a variety of bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and skeletal deformities. In recent years, with the side effects caused by the application of PTH drugs, biphosphonate drugs, and calmodulin drugs, people have carried out more in-depth research on the mechanism of osteoblast

Development of selective nanomolar cyclic peptide ligands as GBA1 enzyme stabilisers.

The stabilisation of recombinant glycosidases by exogenous ligands, known as pharmacological chaperones or enzyme stabilisers, has recently garnered great clinical interest. This strategy can prevent enzyme degradation in the blood, reducing required dosages of recombinant enzyme and extending IV injection intervals, thereby reducing side effects, improving patient lifestyles and treatment costs. While this therapeutic approach has been successfully implemented for treating Pompe and Fabry diseases, clinical studies for Gaucher disease using chaperones alone or in combination with enzyme repla

Подход к оказанию паллиативной помощи взрослым пациентам, не являющимся ракерами, страдающим заболеваниями, ограничивающими жизнь, обеспечивает экономию средств или нейтральность с точки зрения затрат: систематический обзор РХТ.

В мире большинство пациентов, нуждающихся в паллиативном уходе, составляют лица, живущие с болезнями, ограничивающими жизнь, помимо рака, однако большинство предыдущих систематических обзоров последствий паллиативного ухода с точки зрения затрат не были сосредоточены исключительно на этой категории населения. Анализы, проведенные по касательной в отношении пациентов, не являющихся ракерами, выявили неопровержимые доказательства. Случайные контролируемые испытания (РСТ) являются золотым стандартом эффективности лечения, в то время как общие расходы на медицинское обслуживание являются всеобъемл

The Value of Pharmaceutical Industry-Sponsored Patient Registries in Oncology Clinical Research.

In May 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the Framework for FDA's Real-World Evidence (RWE) Program, a draft guidance to evaluate the potential use of real-world data in facilitating regulatory decisions. As a result, pharmaceutical companies and medical communities see patient registries, which are large, prospective, noninterventional cohort studies, as becoming increasingly important in providing evidence of treatment effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. Patient registries are designed to collect longitudinal clinical data on a broad population to address cri

A case-control study of prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes.

BackgroundAnemia is defined as a reduction in the hemoglobin concentration of blood, which consequently reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells such that they are unable to meet the body's physiological needs. Several reports have indicated that anemia mostly occurs in patients with diabetes with renal insufficiency while limited studies have reported the incidence of anemia in people with diabetes prior to evidence of renal impairment. Other studies have also identified anemia as a risk factor for the need for renal replacement therapy in diabetes. Understanding the pathogenes

Myelin Displacement and Revention in the Central Nervous System: Молекулярные механизмы, болезни и перспективные терапевтические цели.

Майлин пластичность имеет основополагающее значение для формирования нейронных сетей и оптимизации нейронных функций, формирования схем, регулирующих эмоции, сознание, сенсацию и управление двигателем. Подкомбинированный олигодендроцитами, миелин подвергается пожизненной реконструкции, которая требует высокой метаболической активности; это делает миелин-олигодендроцитную единицу весьма восприимчивой к метаболическому стрессу, старению и патологическим оскорблениям. Хотя обезвоживание является основной характеристикой различных хронических неврологических расстройств, в настоящем обзоре особо п

B-ALL Complexity: Is Targeted Therapy Still A Valuable Approach for Pediatric Patients?

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematologic malignancy that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed B-cell precursors and predominately affects childhood. Even though significant progresses have been made in the treatment of B-ALL, pediatric patients' outcome has to be furtherly increased and alternative targeted treatment strategies are required for younger patients. Over the last decade, novel approaches have been used to understand the genomic landscape and the complexity of the molecular biology of pediatric B-ALL, mainly next generation sequencing, offering import

Systemic Consequences of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Beyond Immune-Mediated Manifestations.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management traditionally focuses on intestinal inflammation, yet extraintestinal manifestations can substantially impair patient quality of life. In this perspective, we emphasize the broad systemic impact of IBD-from highly prevalent conditions such as anemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or fatigue to rare but severe complications like interstitial lung disease and drug-induced glomerulonephritis. We review underlying mechanisms linking gut inflammation to distant organs, including immune dysregulation, microbial translocation, an

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… Pathophysiologic mechanisms involve chronic systemic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, alpha-synuclein aggregation initiated in the enteric nervous system, vitamin D deficiency and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affecting neurotransmitter production and …

Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery.

In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free therapeutics and navigate biological barriers - systemic, microenvironmental and cellular - that are heterogeneous across patient populations and diseases. Overcoming this patient heterogeneity has also been accomplished through precision therapeutics, in which personalized interventions have enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, nanoparticle development continues to focus on optimizing delivery platforms with a one-

Lithium: A Promising Anticancer Agent.

Lithium is a therapeutic cation used to treat bipolar disorders but also has some important features as an anti-cancer agent. In this review, we provide a general overview of lithium, from its transport into cells, to its innovative administration forms, and based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. Lithium formulations such as lithium acetoacetate (LiAcAc), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) induce apoptosis, autophagy, and inhibition of tumor growth and also participate in the regulation of tumor proliferation, tumor invasion, and

Antibodies to watch in 2020.

This 2020 installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' series documents the antibody therapeutics approved in 2019 and in regulatory review in the United States or European Union, as well as those in late-stage clinical studies, as of November 2019*. At this time, a total of 5 novel antibody therapeutics (romosozumab, risankizumab, polatuzumab vedotin, brolucizumab, and crizanlizumab) had been granted a first approval in either the US or EU, and marketing applications for 13 novel antibody therapeutics (eptinezumab, teprotumumab, enfortumab vedotin, isatuximab, [fam-]trastuzumab deruxtecan,

Применение мезенхимальных ячеек и их эксзоом в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях и лизосомных заболеваниях.

Мезенхимальные стромальные клетки (МСЦ) стали перспективной терапевтической платформой для расстройств центральной нервной системы, включая нейродегенеративные заболевания и лизосомные расстройства хранения (ЛСД). В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются механизмы КБМ, связанные с активностью паракрина, иммуномодуляцией, воздействием антиоксидантов, регулированием с помощью ТФЭБ, а также с ферментатической перекрестной корректировкой в ЛСД, хотя и критически оцениваются проблемы перевода. Мы проводим сравнительный анализ источников КБМ, административных маршрутов, дозирующих режимов и характеристик

Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy.

A paradigm shift has recently occurred in the field of cancer therapeutics. Traditional anticancer agents, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small-molecule drugs targeting specific signalling pathways, have been joined by cellular immunotherapies based on T cell engineering. The rapid adoption of novel, patient-specific cellular therapies builds on scientific developments in tumour immunology, genetic engineering and cell manufacturing, best illustrated by the curative potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19-expressing malignancies. However, the clinical

B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.

The first description of neuromyelitis optica by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault dates back to the 19th century, but only the discovery of aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a major subset of affected patients in 2004 led to a fundamentally revised disease concept: Neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are now considered autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, bringing the pivotal pathogenetic role of B cells and plasma cells into focus. Not long ago, there was no approved medication for this deleterious disease and off-label therapies were the only treatment options for affected patient