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Pharmacologically altered androgens, brain activation and response inhibition in a stop-signal task in male heavy drinkers.

UNLABELLED: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is highly prevalent in men and a major risk factor for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Previous studies indicated an influence of testosterone (T) on AUD, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was linked to alcohol consumption, impulsivity, and response inhibition. As the role of androgens in AUD and the modulation thereof is not fully understood, this study investigated the effect of a pharmacological reduction in DHT by inhibition of the 5-alpha reductase II with finasteride on brain activation and response inhibition during a stop signal task. Fifty males with

Orthorexic Tendencies Are Associated with Autistic Traits in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Background/Objectives: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a condition marked by an obsessive focus on eating healthily, has drawn increasing clinical attention due to its rigid dietary patterns and social impairment. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships, frequently co-occurs with eating disorders. Recent research suggests that autistic traits-such as cognitive rigidity and restricted interests-may underlie both ON and BPD, especially in female populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthor

Assessing orbitofrontal cortex volume as a predictor of subjective response to alcohol during early adolescence.

Adolescence marks a critical window wherein individual differences in brain structure may influence the emergence of alcohol use behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a region involved in reward processing and behavioral regulation, may play a key role in shaping early responses to alcohol. This study examined whether smaller OFC volume at ages 9-10 predicted likelihood of experiencing subjective effects of alcohol by ages 13-14. Participants (N = 206; 57 % female) were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Baseline medial and lateral OFC volumes were used. Subjecti

Prevalence of Enuresis in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background Enuresis, or bedwetting, is a common condition affecting millions of children worldwide. This can be a source of distress for both children and their families. Children, adolescents, and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of developing enuresis. They have difficulties with executive functioning, including impulse control and emotional regulation. These difficulties may contribute to the development of enuresis, as individuals may struggle to recognize the urge to use the bathroom or have difficulty controlling their bladder during sleep. Ob

Links between parent-reported measures of poor sleep and executive function in childhood autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess whether poor sleep is associated with aspects of executive function (EF) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or typical development (TD), after adjusting for demographic variables, stimulant medications, intelligence, anxiety, inattention, and hyperactivity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Children recruited through ongoing studies at the Kennedy Krieger Institute. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 735 children (323 TD; 177 ASD; 235 ADHD) aged 8 to 12 years. MEASUREMENTS: We investigated assoc

Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review of Research on Women.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: World Health Organization recently included compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) to the upcoming 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases (6C72). Despite the potential benefits of this decision (eg, the acceleration of research in the field will allow the development of effective treatments), previous research focused mainly on men, and as a result, we do not have an accurate clinical picture of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among women. Therefore, in this systematic review, we aim to present available knowledge on this topical subject. Literature se

Patterns of polysubstance use and simultaneous co-use in high risk young adults.

BACKGROUND: Polysubstance use (PSU) is associated with worse prognosis and poorer physical and mental health compared to single substance use. The current study provides information about PSU patterns by examining a diverse range of alcohol/substance use behaviors ranging from low-level experimentation to indicators of severe abuse. In addition, the current study, for the first time, examines how simultaneous co-use of multiple substances cluster with other more commonly studied PSU behaviors. METHODS: Latent Class Analysis was used to identify patterns of substance use, in a sample of young-

Modeling Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

AIMS: Several studies indicate the similarity between the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study hypothesized that prenatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) can be used as an animal model of ADHD in Wistar rats. METHODS: At the first stage of the study, alcohol was delivered to the pregnant dams (237-252 g) by intra-gastric route throughout Gestation Days 8-20 at a dose of 6 g/kg/day. Untreated control group with isocaloric sucrose intubation was also included. Of the 16 male pups (174-180 g), 8 were in the fetal alcohol effects (FAE) grou

Neuropsychiatric and seizure outcomes in nonparaneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis.

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune limbic encephalitis is an inflammatory condition often associated with an underlying neoplasm. However, a subset of patients does not have an underlying tumor and have a nonparaneoplastic form of this condition. The focus in the literature has been on the acute phase of this illness, but long-term follow-up is lacking. METHODS: A retrospective chart review, over a period of 15 years, of patients carrying a diagnosis of encephalitis was performed. Inclusion criteria included a clinical presentation consistent with limbic encephalitis (subacute behavioral change, seizur

Overlapping Phenotypes of Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: An Evidence-Based Model.

BACKGROUND: Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder (CBSD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are two clinically relevant conditions that frequently co-occur. Previous studies suggest overlapping etiological pathways, yet a structured comparison of the two disorders is missing. This paper aimed to map and contrast the key psychological constructs associated with CBSD and BPD based on established diagnostic criteria and the existing literature. METHODS: A comprehensive, iterative literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar without publication date restrictions, including qu

Disentangling violence in schizophrenia: Interactions between symptom trajectories, conduct disorder, and pharmacotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Violence in schizophrenia poses a major clinical and public health challenge. This study examined how core psychopathological features, conduct disorder (CD), and pharmacological treatment influence violent behavior by looking at the interaction among these variables. We also investigated the clinical differences between CD and non-CD patients. METHODS: 99 individuals with schizophrenia and with assaultive behaviors were randomly assigned in a double-blind design to clozapine, olanzapine, or haloperidol. Participants were further classified by presence or absence of CD. Clinical e

Steroid 5α-reductases in the brain: From neurosteroidogenesis to therapeutic implications.

Steroid 5α-reductases (5αRs) catalyze the irreversible, NADPH-dependent reduction of Δ4-3-ketosteroids. This process regulates major steroid signaling pathways, including neurosteroid biosynthesis, androgen activation, and glucocorticoid metabolism. By governing these processes, 5αRs influence GABAergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, and behavioral responses to stress and reward. Although the two principal isoenzymes, 5αR1 and 5αR2, have overlapping functions, they are increasingly recognized as functionally distinct. 5αR1 supports constitutive neurosteroid synthesis in several brain regi

Пищевая зависимость от поведенческих пристрастий: сетевой подход.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ/AIMS: Сопоставимость психических расстройств является хорошо задокументированным явлением. Вместе с тем не было проведено никакого расследования по вопросу о соучастии и механизмах, лежащих в основе пищевой зависимости и поведенческих пристрастий. Таким образом, цели этого исследования заключались в следующем: a) проведение сетевого анализа для изучения взаимосвязей между клиническим профилем пациентов, нуждающихся в лечении от игорного расстройства, навязчивым расстройством, связанным с покупкой и покупкой (CBSD), навязанным расстройством сексуального поведения, и сопутс

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… Impulsive behavior scale Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) ( Whiteside and Lynam, 2001 ) measures five facets of impulsive behavior using five items: negative urgency (NU), lack of perseverance (LP), lack of premeditation (LPM), sensation seeking (SS), and positive urgency (PU). …

Frontal Brain Injury Reduces Sensitivity to Reward-Predictive Cues and Remodels the Nucleus Accumbens.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are more than mere lesions and generate a persistent secondary pathology. This, combined with functional reorganization of circuits post-injury, may explain the increased risk for psychiatric disorders in patients with TBI. In the current studies, we demonstrate that frontal TBI changed the Pavlovian behavioral response to reinforcer-predicting cues and reduced the motivational value of cues. TBI also chronically impaired decision-making on a gambling-like task with reinforcer-paired cues. To investigate how these changes occur, we evaluated the nucleus accumben

CFTR acts as a potential therapeutic target for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

The prevalence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) is significantly elevated compared to the general population. Given that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the causative gene for cystic fibrosis, this raises the possibility of CFTR playing a crucial role in ADHD. In our study, three heterozygous missense variants (p.E217G, p.F316L, and p.T1220I) were detected in the CFTR gene, which co-segregate with ADHD in two consanguineous families, impacting a total of six family members. Through the util

Modulating interhemispheric prefrontal dynamics of aggressive behavior: Sex differences and the association with personal disposition.

A growing body of evidence has shown the key role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in aggressive behavior, along with the chance of modulating it by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, the functional interplay between the two cerebral hemispheres in the regulation of aggressive behavior is still unclear. To address this issue, we assessed the effect of bi-hemispheric prefrontal tDCS in 76 healthy adults with a cross-over, double-blind, sham-controlled design. Half of the participants received the anodal stimulation over the right dlPFC and the cathoda

Abstinence in recently detoxified AUD patients is subtended by increased inhibitory neural resources: A retrospective event-related potentials study.

A lack of inhibitory resources contributes to the onset and the maintenance of addictive behaviors, reflecting an inability to control impulses to consume. Enhancing inhibitory control has been therefore acknowledged to support abstinence in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. In the present retrospective study, we analyzed data from 32 AUD inpatients who underwent a three-week detoxification program (at the CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium). During their hospital stay, they completed a test-retest event-related potentials (ERPs) Go-Nogo task, using neutral versus alcohol-related contexts. The

Hormonal effects on externalizing problems in females across the lifespan.

Developmental transdiagnostic externalizing problems-including harmful substance use, conduct issues, oppositional-defiance, and ADHD-related hyperactivity-impulsivity-have significant societal impacts, contributing to high costs in areas such as incarceration, delinquency, unemployment, and relationship challenges. These issues also exhibit notable sex differences: males tend to show higher prevalence, while females, though less affected overall, often face more severe outcomes. Despite these public health and personal costs, research on externalizing problems in females remains limited, part

Behavioral, neurodevelopmental profile, and epilepsy trajectory in two series of SLC6A1-NDD: A retrospective study with comprehensive assessment, and a participatory database study.

SLC6A1 (Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 1) variants are associated with SLC6A1-neurodevelopmental disorders (SLC6A1-NDD), which manifest as early-onset epilepsy, intellectual developmental disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. There have been over 300 reported cases so far. A retrospective analysis of 14 patients with de novo SLC6A1 variants was conducted to assess their developmental milestones, epilepsy progression, antiseizure medication, and, for some, a comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluation. Data from 14 additional families were also collected using the GenIDA participatory databas

Associations between fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation in individuals with psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Despite high rates of suicide among people with psychosis, relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transition from suicidal ideation to behavior in this population. The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that fearlessness about death (FAD) may play a role in this relationship. The present study tested whether constructs of the IPTS [thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), and FAD] were associated with the severity of suicidal ideation in a sample of adults with histories of psychosis. METHOD: 261 adults with his