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Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics.

Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and t

Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues f

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Insights Into Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Implications.

Radiation therapy is a fundamental component of cancer treatment, benefiting 50%-70% of patients by selectively targeting malignant tissues. However, radioresistance remains a significant challenge, often driven by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases cancer invasiveness and metastasis by upregulating mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin, and downregulating epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin. EMT under radiation involves principal signaling pathways, including TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and ERK, which regulate EMT through transcription factors such as

Clinical epigenetics settings for cancer and cardiovascular diseases: real-life applications of network medicine at the bedside.

Despite impressive efforts invested in epigenetic research in the last 50 years, clinical applications are still lacking. Only a few university hospital centers currently use epigenetic biomarkers at the bedside. Moreover, the overall concept of precision medicine is not widely recognized in routine medical practice and the reductionist approach remains predominant in treating patients affected by major diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. By its' very nature, epigenetics is integrative of genetic networks. The study of epigenetic biomarkers has led to the identification of num

Drug Repurposing for the Management of Depression: Where Do We Stand Currently?

A slow rate of new drug discovery and higher costs of new drug development attracted the attention of scientists and physicians for the repurposing and repositioning of old medications. Experimental studies and off-label use of drugs have helped drive data for further studies of approving these medications. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of depression encourages novel discoveries through drug repurposing and drug repositioning to treat depression. In addition to reducing neurotransmitters like epinephrine and serotonin, other mechanisms such as inflammation, insufficient blood supp

Префронтальные нейроваскулярные отклонения, связанные с когнитивными характеристиками при множественном склерозе.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Когнитивное расстройство является распространенной и изнуряющей характеристикой в множестве склерозов (MS), однако его патофизиология по-прежнему не до конца изучена. Дисфункция нейроваскулярного блока (NVU) и поврежденного нейроваскулярного соединения (NVC) может быть связана с когнитивными характеристиками в MS, но этот путь остается недостаточно изученным. В этом исследовании изучалось, связаны ли отклонения NVC с когнитивными характеристиками в MS. МЕТОДЫ: Ninety-seven Психиатрические заболевания и 83 Здоровый контроль (HC) получил функциональное магнитное резонансное изображен

Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated.

IntroductionPesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk.MethodsAnalyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for

Management of Potential Organ Donor: Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine-Position Statement.

This position statement is documented based on the input from all contributing coauthors from the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM), following a comprehensive literature review and summary of current scientific evidence. Its objective is to provide the standard perspective for the management of potential organ/tissue donors after brain death (BD) in adults only, regardless of the availability of technology. This document should only be used for guidance only and is not a substitute for proper clinical decision making in particular circumstances of any case. Endorsement by the IS

Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and the second most common form of acute leukemia in children. Despite this, very little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. This is partially due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for more targeted therapeutics than the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies that have been a mainstay in therapy for the past 50 years. In the past 20 years, research has been diversifying the approach to treating AML by investigating molecular pathways uniquely relevant to AML cell prolife

Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.

Over the past decade, there has been a qualitative improvement in the understanding of gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Gut microbiota regulates metabolic reprogramming that occurs in the competition between tumor cells and immune cells for essential nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the key factors leading to the formation of aging environment, which has many similarities with the TME. Accumulating research findings have demonstrated that gut microbiota enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by activating the immun

Connection between nutrition and oncology in dogs and cats: perspectives, evidence, and implications-a comprehensive review.

Oncology has become one of the most influential and studied areas in both human and companion animal health. In veterinary practice, cancer represents a significant challenge, especially concerning cats and dogs. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of oncology patients in veterinary medicine; however, is often nonspecific and reliant on data from other species and diseases, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review of the latest developments in this field. Since the intricate relationship between nutrition and cancer encompasses various aspects, this review therefore intend

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Antibody-Drug Conjugates, and Bispecific Antibodies in Oncogene-Driven Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Evolving Roles in Treatment Sequencing and Resistance Management.

The treatment landscape of oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved substantially with the development of targeted therapies directed against actionable molecular alterations. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain the cornerstone of treatment for many driver-defined subsets; however, acquired resistance, central nervous system progression, and tumor heterogeneity continue to limit long-term disease control. This review examines the mechanistic foundations, clinical evidence, resistance patterns, and emerging therapeutic roles of TKIs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a

A new taxonomy was developed for overlap across 'overviews of systematic reviews': A meta-research study of research waste.

Multiple 'overviews of reviews' conducted on the same topic ("overlapping overviews") represent a waste of research resources and can confuse clinicians making decisions amongst competing treatments. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of overlapping overviews. MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for overviews that: synthesized reviews of health interventions and conducted systematic searches. Overlap was defined as: duplication of PICO eligibility criteria, and not reported as an update nor a replication. We categorized overview to

The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.

First-in-class (FIC) oncology drugs-defined by their novel mechanisms of action or targeting of previously unaddressed molecular targets-have emerged as a leading force in cancer therapeutic innovation. In this Review, we delineate the global landscape of FIC oncology drug approvals between 2009 and 2024 and analyze the evolving characteristics of both approved FIC therapies and potential FIC (PFIC) candidates in clinical development. To clarify the underlying dynamics of this evolution, we construct an analytic framework encompassing four distinct archetypes of FIC development: new targets, n

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response.

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatm

Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review.

Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, is expanding, positioning them as a novel therapeutic option. Stem cells, utilized in various treatments, are categorized based on their differentiation potential and the source tissue. The term 'stem cell' encompasses a broad spectrum of cells, which can be derived from embryonic tiss

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In a foundational preclinical study on SBS, intestinal scaffolds seeded with embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) promoted partial intestinal regeneration, though the resulting tissue lacked enteric nervous system integration [ 350 ]. …

Endoscopic and Histological Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis: A Narrative Review.

Amyloidosis encompasses a diverse group of systemic and localised disorders defined by the extracellular accumulation of misfolded proteins, leading to progressive tissue damage and multiorgan dysfunction. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is common, yet diagnosis is frequently delayed because symptoms are non-specific and endoscopic findings are equivocal. Recent advances in endoscopic technique, biopsy site selection and advancements in processing of pathological specimens have substantially improved the diagnosis of this condition. Targeted gastrointestinal biopsy, performed during endoscop

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In these cases, the underlying pathophysiology is amyloid infiltration of the muscularis propria or the enteric nervous system, with relative sparing of the mucosal layer. …

Lactylation in health and disease: physiological or pathological?

Lactate is an indispensable substance in various cellular physiological functions and plays regulatory roles in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Lactylation (Kla), a key pathway through which lactate exerts its functions, has been identified as a novel posttranslational modification (PTM). Research indicates that Kla is an essential balancing mechanism in a variety of organisms and is involved in many key cellular biological processes through different pathways. Kla is closely related to disease development and represents a potential and important new drug target

Выбрать первоначальную терапию MS; факторы личного характера, болезни и лекарственные средства.

Инициирование болезни, изменяющей терапию у пациента с недавно поставленным диагнозом повторного склероза, в настоящее время предоставляет наилучшую возможность повлиять на их последующий курс лечения. В этой статье рассматриваются личные факторы, характеристики представления заболеваний и данные о текущих заболеваниях, изменяющих терапию, с точки зрения выбора первоначального лечения в этой среде. Хотя показатели для прогнозирования на индивидуальном уровне остаются ненадежными, особенно для тех, кто имеет мягкие представления, имеющиеся в настоящее время данные об относительной эффективности

Influence of anticancer agents on sexual function: An in vivo study based on the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

BackgroundPatients with cancer are treated with chemotherapeutics that cause adverse effects, including erectile dysfunction (ED).ObjectivesWe investigated erectile function in rats after the administration of anticancer agents based on data retrieved through mining of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database.Materials and methodsThe statistical signal strength for the association between anticancer drugs and ED was calculated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR). A drug-event combination was detected when the lower limit of the 95% confidence in