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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The Role of the EGFR in Epstein-Barr Virus Infection.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a type 4 γ herpes virus, is recognized as a causative agent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Incidence of EBV-positive NPC have grown in recent decades along with worse outcomes compared with their EBV-negative counterparts. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), encoded by EBV, induces NPC progression. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), is a driver of tumorigenesis, including for NPC. Little data exist on the relationship between EGFR and EBV-induced NPC. In our initial review, we found that LMP1

Patient Preferences in Targeted Pharmacotherapy for Cancers: A Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiments.

BackgroundTargeted pharmacotherapy has been increasingly applied in cancer treatment due to its breakthroughs. However, the unmet needs of cancer patients are still significant, highlighting the urgency to investigate patient preferences. It is unclear how patients deliberate their choices between different aspects of targeted therapy, including cost, efficacy, and adverse events. Since discrete choice experiments (DCEs) have been widely applied to patient preference elicitation, we reviewed DCEs on targeted therapy for different cancers. We also synthesized evidence on the factors influencing

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… Zhou M, Thayer WM, Bridges JFP. using latent class analysis to model preference heterogeneity in health: a systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2018;36(2):175–187. doi: 10.1007/s40273-017-0575-4. 36. Tünneßen M, Hiligsmann M, Stock S, Vennedey V. …

Повреждения печени после внутривенной пульсовой терапии метилпреднизолона в многоразовом склерозе: опыт Единого академического центра печени.

Внутривенные бобовые метилпреднизолона (ИВМП), широко используемые для лечения множественных склерозов (MS), могут привести к острым повреждениям печени, что создает диагностическую проблему при проведении различия между аутоиммунным гепатитом (DI-ALH) и идиопатическим аутоиммунным гепатитом (AIH). Цель этого исследования состояла в определении клинических и биохимических характеристик травм печени, полученных в результате ИПМП, определении их этиологии и оценке эффективности глюкокортикоидной терапии (ГХ) при лечении. Был проведен ретроспективный анализ 13 пациентов, вновь получивших травму п

Real-World Data and Machine Learning to Predict Cardiac Amyloidosis.

(1) Background: Cardiac amyloidosis or "stiff heart syndrome" is a rare condition that occurs when amyloid deposits occupy the heart muscle. Many patients suffer from it and fail to receive a timely diagnosis mainly because the disease is a rare form of restrictive cardiomyopathy that is difficult to diagnose, often associated with a poor prognosis. This research analyses the characteristics of this pathology and proposes a statistical learning algorithm that helps to detect the disease. (2) Methods: The hospitalization clinical (medical and nursing ones) records used for this study are the ba

Interleukin-32: a Pandora's box in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been estimated to infect around 40.8 million people globally. This virus can persist and thrive in the presence of antiretroviral therapy, which is a major obstacle to HIV eradication. Therefore, understanding host immunological factors that underlie HIV persistence and pathogenesis can lead to the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an orphan cytokine with multiple isoforms and a complex signal transduction pathway that transmits through non-specific receptors.

Which cancer survivors are at risk for a physically inactive and sedentary lifestyle? Results from pooled accelerometer data of 1447 cancer survivors.

BackgroundPhysical activity has beneficial effects on the health of cancer survivors. We aimed to investigate accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time in cancer survivors, and describe activity profiles. Additionally, we identify demographic and clinical correlates of physical activity, sedentary time and activity profiles.MethodsAccelerometer, questionnaire and clinical data from eight studies conducted in four countries (n = 1447) were pooled. We calculated sedentary time and time spent in physical activity at various intensities using Freedson cut-points. We used latent p

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… Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling-a Multidisciplinary Journal. 2007;14(4):535–569. doi: 10.1080/10705510701575396. 49. Westreich D, Greenland S. …

Machine learning in onco-pharmacogenomics: a path to precision medicine with many challenges.

Over the past two decades, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the approach to cancer research. Applications of NGS include the identification of tumor specific alterations that can influence tumor pathobiology and also impact diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic options. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies the role of inheritance of individual genetic patterns in drug response and has taken advantage of NGS technology as it provides access to high-throughput data that can, however, be difficult to manage. Machine learning (ML) has recently been used in the life sciences to discover

Вирусная инфекция Эпштейна-Барра поощряет диагностику Т клеток в гуманизированной модели мыши множественного склероза.

Скрытая инфекция вируса Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ) является серьезным фактором риска для развития множественных склерозов (МС), хотя основополагающие механизмы остаются неясными. Для изучения этой связи мы спровоцировали экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) в мышах с иммунодефицитными мышами, восстановленных с периферийными моноядерными клетками крови (PBMC) у лиц, которые имели или не имели историю заражения EBV и/или повторного образования MS (RMS). Мыши HuPBMC EAE, генерируемые EBV-серонегативными здоровыми донорами, были менее восприимчивы к возникновению серьезных неврологических с

Specific epigenetic regulators serve as potential therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disorder observed mostly in older human beings, is characterised by chronic and progressive lung scarring leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. This health condition has a dismal prognosis and the currently available drugs only delay but fail to reverse the progression of lung damage. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discover improved therapeutic compounds and their cellular targets to cure IPF. In this regard, a number of recent studies have targeted the epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) to develop and categorise

Development of a Simplified Geriatric Score-4 (SGS-4) to Predict Outcomes After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Aged over 50.

Background: The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) has proven to be a valuable tool for providing a more comprehensive health evaluation of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) recipients. Methods: We prospectively developed and tested a new Simplified Geriatric Score-4 (SGS-4) on 135 consecutive patients aged ≥50 years who underwent allo-SCT between 2020 and 2023. Each CGA component was individually analyzed for its association with overall survival (OS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Then, we performed a two-factor analysis (FA) usin

Methamphetamine induces transcriptional changes in cultured HIV-infected mature monocytes that may contribute to HIV neuropathogenesis.

HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) persists in 15-40% of people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy. HIV-NCI significantly impacts quality of life, and there is currently no effective treatment for it. The development of HIV-NCI is complex and is mediated, in part, by the entry of HIV-infected mature monocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, these cells release inflammatory mediators that lead to neuroinflammation, and subsequent neuronal damage. Infected monocytes may infect other CNS cells as well as differentiate into macrophages,

Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC pat

PROMIS® Health Organization (PHO) 2021 Conference Abstracts.

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… Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to explore the latent patterns of the above symptom cluster. Results: 647 breast cancer patients who are under chemotherapy were finally included for analysis. …

Выбрать первоначальную терапию MS; факторы личного характера, болезни и лекарственные средства.

Инициирование болезни, изменяющей терапию у пациента с недавно поставленным диагнозом повторного склероза, в настоящее время предоставляет наилучшую возможность повлиять на их последующий курс лечения. В этой статье рассматриваются личные факторы, характеристики представления заболеваний и данные о текущих заболеваниях, изменяющих терапию, с точки зрения выбора первоначального лечения в этой среде. Хотя показатели для прогнозирования на индивидуальном уровне остаются ненадежными, особенно для тех, кто имеет мягкие представления, имеющиеся в настоящее время данные об относительной эффективности

Promising immunotherapeutic approaches for primary effusion lymphoma.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell neoplasm usually presenting as a serious effusion in body cavities without detectable tumor masses. It is an AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection. A combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prolongs the lifespan of AIDS and AIDS-related malignant lymphoma patients, but PEL continues to have a dismal prognosis. PEL showed disappointing outcomes with standard chemotherapy such as CHOP or CHOP-like regimens. A PEL status highlights the urgent need for new

IgG N-glycan Signatures as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers.

IgG N-glycans are an emerging source of disease-specific biomarkers. Over the last decade, the continued development of glycomic databases and the evolution of glyco-analytic methods have resulted in increased throughput, resolution, and sensitivity. IgG N-glycans promote adaptive immune responses through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation to combat infection or cancer and promote autoimmunity. In addition to the functional assays, researchers are examining the ability of protein-specific glycosylation to serve as biomarkers of disease. This literature re

Posttransplant complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Posttransplantation complications pose a major challenge to the long-term survival and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. These complications encompass immune-mediated complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and malignancies, with each type influenced by various risk factors and pathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying posttransplantation complications involve a complex interplay of immunological, metabolic, and oncogenic processes, including innate and adaptive immune activation, immunosuppressant side effects, and viral reactivation.

Precision in Action: The Role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas in Gene Therapies.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated enzyme-CAS holds great promise for treating many uncured human diseases and illnesses by precisely correcting harmful point mutations and disrupting disease-causing genes. The recent Food and Drug Association (FDA) approval of the first CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell anemia marks the beginning of a new era in gene editing. However, delivering CRISPR specifically into diseased cells in vivo is a significant challenge and an area of intense research. The identification of new CRISPR/Cas variants, particularly

Seventeen-year reassessment of diagnostic transitions, biologic therapy initiation and mortality in spondyloarthritis: results from the REGISPON-3 study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate disease evolution, diagnostic transitions, time to biologic treatment initiation and mortality in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) after 17 years from the original Spanish Registry of Spondyloarthritis (REGISPONSER). METHODS: Spondyloarthritis Registry 3 (REGISPON-3) is a two-timepoint longitudinal study with patients fulfilling the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria participating in the REGISPONSER study and re-evaluated after 17 years. Clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment data were collected and compared with baseline. Diagnostic chang

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… Exploring the unifying concept of spondyloarthritis: a latent class analysis of the REGISPONSER registry. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024;63:3098–105. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae005. 26. Burgos-Vargas R. Spondyloarthritis: From undifferentiated SpA to ankylosing spondylitis. …

Эпидемиология, патология и патогенез MS: терапевтические последствия.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим и потенциально деактивирующим воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS). МS, как правило, характеризуется повторяющимися и самоограниченными эпизодами неврологической дисфункции, которые происходят непредсказуемо и часто приводят к множественным повреждениям тканей в рамках CNS. В настоящее время женщины страдают в два-три раза чаще, чем мужчины, хотя это, возможно, не произошло в предыдущие периоды времени. Известно, что патогенез MS связан как с критическими генетическими, так и с экологическими механизмами. Тем не менее, по