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Imatinib aggravates pressure-overload-induced right ventricle failure via JNK/Runx2 pathway.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Right ventricular (RV) function is the key prognostic determinant of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In PH patients, imatinib treatment decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and improves exercise capacity, but does not change mortality or duration to clinical worsening. Imatinib has been reported to be cardiotoxic in the left heart. We hypothesise that imatinib damages the pressure overloaded RV via its direct effects within the heart, which may counteract its therapeutic effects in haemodynamic improvement of PH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A pulmonary arterial banding (PAB

Australia and New Zealand consensus statement on the cardiovascular management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) reduce mortality and morbidity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) but have an association with cardiotoxicities, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and bleeding. There is currently no specific advice for Australian and New Zealand clinicians. AIM: In this paper, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for risk assessment, monitoring and managing cardiovascular (CV) toxicity to optimise patient outcomes. METHODS: A multidisciplinary roundtable was held on 21 August 2023 to discuss c

FEATURES OF L-ARGININE-CITRULLINE CYCLE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA WITH CONCOMITANT CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of the L-arginine-citrulline cycle affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Cancerinduced augmentation of arginase activity stimulates the biotransformation of L-arginine to form polyamines, which causes NO deficiency and increases the risk of endothelial dysfunction in the category of high-risk patients for developing cytostatic-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim was to investigate features of L-arginine-citrulline cycle functioning in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) during chemotherapy (CT). MATERIALS AND METHO…

SARS-CoV-2-infected cardiomyocytes exhibit upregulated necroptosis, but no evidence of mitochondrial permeability transition.

Cardiac involvement in patients infected with COVID-19, in terms of myocarditis and troponin release, is associated with higher mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Infection of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) with a wild-type variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a cardiotoxic effect. We examined whether elevated intramitochondrial calcium causes opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) leading to cell death. The mPTP inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) did not improve viability, and phosphorylation level

Cardiovascular adverse effects of immunotherapy in cancer: insights and implications.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering novel therapeutic strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. However, these modalities are associated with varying cardiovascular toxicities that may affect treatment continuation and patient outcomes. Cardiovascular complications from ICIs, such as myocarditis (incidence 0.04-1.14%, mortality 25-50%), arrhythmias, heart failure, and thromboembolic events, are primarily mediated by autoreactive T-cell activation and immune-related inflammation. CTLA-4 an

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… Although it hasn’t been verified yet, some research has shown a link between cardiotoxicity and trastuzumab deruxtecan and trastuzumab emtansine. Profoundly paraphrase in an intellectual manner ( 233 , 234 ). Furthermore, it is yet unknown if additional ADCs pose a risk of cardiotoxicity. … Given the unique nature of immunotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, it is essential to develop tailored risk assessment models. …

Factors affecting pretransplant muscle strength in allogeneic stem cell transplant candidates prior transplantation.

PurposePhysical performance is crucial for prognosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Cardiorespiratory fitness has already been shown to have prognostic value, and there is increasing evidence that muscle strength and associated parameters (e.g., sarcopenia) are also of clinical relevance. Therefore, there is a need for the quantification of muscle strength and defining risk factors for reduced performance values.MethodsMaximal voluntary isokinetic (MVIC) and isometric (MIPT) muscle strength was assessed 2.4 ± 7.1 days prior admission for allo-HCT with a st

Developmental toxicity of formulated insecticide mixture containing imidacloprid and beta-cyfluthrin in fish: Insights using zebrafish.

Insecticides are critical in controlling pests and disease vectors. However, there is still a lack of ecotoxicological studies using commercial formulations of insecticides containing active ingredients. The study aimed to evaluate the developmental toxicity of a commercial insecticide mixture (imidacloprid [IMI] + beta-cyfluthrin [β-CYF]). Mortality, hatching rate, spontaneous contraction, heartbeat, morphological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), skeletal development, and locomotor behavior of zebrafish were analyzed. Embryos were exposed to imidacloprid (IMI) and β-cyfluthrin (β-CYF)

Donepezil-induced degradation of hERG potassium channel via lysosomal pathway is exacerbated by hypoxia.

Donepezil (DPZ), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease, has drawn attention for causing prolonged QT interval and torsade de pointes (TdP). Acquired long QT syndrome (acLQTS) is usually caused by blockage of the cardiac potassium current IKr/hERG, which is essential for cardiac repolarization. This study aimed to investigate DPZ's effect on hERG channel and its cardiotoxic mechanism, particularly focusing on whether hypoxia increases the risk of DPZ-induced acLQTS. To explore these, we employed western blotting to analyze protein levels, the patch clamp technique to measure

Biological evaluation of a new highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid and its imaging application in cell and zebrafish.

Hypochlorous acid is one of the most widely distributed reactive oxygen species in vivo. It is usually used as a signal molecule to particip … valuation of probe results from cytotoxicity test, zebrafish behavioral test, hepatotoxicity test, cardiotoxicity test, nephrotoxicity test, blood vessel toxicity test, immunotoxicity test and neurotoxicity test, and experimental indicators like swimming duration, swimming distance, swimming speed, pericardial rub, fractional shortening, stroke volume, heart ra …

Is Carvedilol Effective in Preventing and Modulating Concentric Cardiac Remodelling? A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

BACKGROUND: Carvedilol, commonly used to treat hypertension and known for its vasodilatory and pleiotropic effects, has been studied in various patient populations. However, its specific impact on diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate carvedilol's efficacy in preventing concentric cardiac remodelling in at-risk individuals and modulating it in patients with HFpEF. METHODS: In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and ScienceDirect up to March 2024 using terms related to carvedilo

Clinical evaluation and outcome in heart failure patients receiving chemotherapy with different anti-cancer agents.

BACKGROUND: The optimal strategy for modern chemotherapy should be based on a comprehensive approach for cancer patients with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardio-oncology has received increasing attention owing to the cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) who received chemotherapy compared with those of a matched cohort with HF who did not receive chemotherapy, using real-world HF data. METHODS: This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) databas

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… However, it is unknown whether ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, induces cardiotoxicity. … Medical providers need to be more careful regarding high‐risk elderly patients with HF who are predicted to have cardiotoxicity. …

Integrating metabolomics and proteomics to identify novel drug targets for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Altered metabolism plays a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We aimed to identify novel plasma metabolites and proteins associating with cardiac disease. METHODS: Mendelian randomisation (MR) was used to assess the association of 174 metabolites measured in up to 86,507 participants with AF, HF, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Subsequently, we sourced data on 1567 plasma proteins and performed cis MR to identify proteins affecting the identified metabolites as well as the

A narrative review of theophylline: is there still a place for an old friend?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Theophylline has been used for decades in human medicine for its psychostimulant, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilator effects. Historically, in pulmonary medicine, theophylline has been used in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma (BA) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review aims to determine whether theophylline still has its place in the therapy of obstructive pulmonary diseases or whether we can even extend its use to other diagnoses such as atropine-resistant cardiac arrests, apnea of prematurity, or other

Bisphenol A and Its Emergent Substitutes: State of the Art of the Impact of These Plasticizers on Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Dysfunction.

The "One Health approach" has evidenced the significant impact of xenobiotic exposure to health, and humans are a relevant target for their toxic effects. Bisphenol A (BPA) exerts a ubiquitous exposure source in all ecosystems. Given its endocrine-disrupting and harmful consequences on health, several countries have enforced new regulations to reduce exposure to BPA. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex conditions that lead to higher mortality worldwide, where family history, lifestyle, and environmental factors, like BPA exposure, have a remarkable contribution. This chemical compound i

Cardiovascular toxicities by calcineurin inhibitors: Cellular mechanisms behind clinical manifestations.

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), including cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (TAC), are cornerstones of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. While extensively recognized for their capacity to induce nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, emerging reports suggest potential direct cardiovascular toxicities associated with CNI. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated direct cardiotoxic impact of CNI, manifesting itself as induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cardiac fibrosis

Acquired Type 1 Brugada Syndrome Induced by Chronic High-Dose Kratom Use.

Kratom denotes the naturally occurring alkaloids found in Mitragyna speciosa and is self-administered for the treatment of chronic pain, anxiety, and opioid withdrawal. Kratom is cardiotoxic with several case reports linking its use to QTc prolongation and ventricular dysrhythmias; however, there exist few reports of kratom-induced Brugada syndrome. A 36-year-old male with a past medical history inclusive of polysubstance abuse, bipolar disorder, and seizure disorder presented to the emergency department for chest pain. The patient reported a three-week history of lightheadedness when standing

Case report: Clinical features of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia presenting with cardiac tamponade: a case series study and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate the clinical features observed in cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) initially presenting with cardiac tamponade and to share treatment experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five pediatric patients were initially diagnosed with AML accompanied by cardiac myeloid sarcoma (MS). The diagnosis was established by examining our hospital records and reviewing pertinent literature from 1990 to July 2023, accessible through MEDLINE/PubMed. We comprehensively assessed the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities employed for these patients. R

The Effect of the Pyrethroid Pesticide Fenpropathrin on the Cardiac Performance of Zebrafish and the Potential Mechanism of Toxicity.

Fenpropathrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely used for many years in agricultural fields. It works by disturbing the voltage-gated sodium channel, leading to paralysis and the death of the target animal. While past studies have focused on neurodegeneration following fenpropathrin poisoning in humans, relatively few pieces of research have examined its effect on other peripheral organs. This study successfully investigated the potential toxicity of fenpropathrin on the cardiovascular system using zebrafish as an animal model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to varying doses of fenpropathrin

The Negative Effects of Statin Drugs on Cardiomyocytes: Current Review of Laboratory and Experimental Data (Mini-Review).

Statin drugs have long been used as a key component of lipid-lowering therapy, which is necessary for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies focus on finding and refining new effects of statin drugs. In addition to the main lipidlowering effect (blocking cholesterol synthesis), statin drugs have a number of pleiotropic effects, including negative effects. The main beneficial effects of statin drugs on the components of the cardiovascular system are: anti-ischemic, antithrombotic, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, endothelioprotective, anti-inflamma

Adherence, safety, and satisfaction of a cardio-oncology rehabilitation program framework versus community exercise training for cancer survivors: findings from the CORE trial.

PURPOSE: To assess safety, satisfaction, and overall adherence of a center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) program for cancer survivors at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, compared to community-based exercise training (CBET). METHODS: The CORE study was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolling cancer survivors exposed to cardiotoxic cancer treatment and/or with previous CV disease. Participants were randomized to an 8-week CBCR program or CBET, twice a week. Overall feasibility (consent, retention, and completion rates), intervention adherence (percentage of