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Acalculous Cholecystitis: An Uncommon Presentation of Babesiosis.

Human babesiosis is commonly caused by Babesia microti, an infectious protozoan with a preference for erythrocytes. We describe a case of ba … al smear or PCR, which can be confirmed via serology. The combination of clindamycin and quinine or atovaquone and azithromycin are the cornerstones of pharmacotherapy. Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a very uncommon presentation of babesiosis. Babesia infection must be considered in the differential in a patient with nonspecific symptoms living in an ende …

Uridine Prevents Negative Effects of OXPHOS Xenobiotics on Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation.

Neuronal differentiation appears to be dependent on oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Several drugs inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and … midine for acquired immune deficiency syndrome; linezolid for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; and atovaquone for malaria. We also analyzed the dopaminergic neuronal differentiation in brains of fetuses from pregnant mice exposed to linezolid. The drugs reduced the in vitro oxidative phosphorylation capacity and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. This d …

Effects of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors on the growth of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in vitro.

Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis (EP), which affects equine production in various parts of the world. However, a safe and effective drug is not currently available for treatment of EP. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and has been known as a novel drug target for several apicomplexan protozoan parasites. In this study, we evaluated four DHODH inhibitors; atovaquone (ATV), leflunomide (LFN), brequinar (Breq), and 7-hydroxy-5-[1,2,4] triazolo [1,5,a] pyrimidine (TAZ) on the gro…

In vitro and in vivo combination of cepharanthine with anti-malarial drugs.

BACKGROUND: Stephania rotunda is used by traditional health practitioners in Southeast Asia to treat a wide range of diseases and particular … ro, efficiency gains were observed when CEP was combined with chloroquine (CQ), lumefantrine (LUM), atovaquone (ATO), piperaquine (PPQ) and particularly monodesethylamodiaquine (MdAQ), whereas an antagonistic interaction was observed with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and mefloquine (MQ). In vivo, the combination of CEP with CQ or amodiaquine (AQ) improved signif …

Chemotherapy against babesiosis.

Babesiosis is caused by a haemotropic protozoal parasite of the genus Babesia, member of the phylum Apicomplexa and transmitted by the bite … on of clindamycin and quinine is administered as the standard treatment, but also administration of atovaquone-azithromycin is successful. Supportive therapy such as intravenous fluids and blood transfusions are employed when necessary. More specific fast-acting new treatments for babesiosis have now to be developed. This should be facilitated by the knowled …

Effect of protease inhibitors on the intraerythrocytic development of Babesia microti and Babesia duncani, the causative agents of human babesiosis.

Human babesiosis is a malaria-like, tick-borne infectious disease with a global distribution. Babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic, apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia. In the United States, human babesiosis is caused by Babesia microti and Babesia duncani. Current treatment for babesiosis includes either the combination of atovaquone and azithromycin or the combination of clindamycin and quinine. However, the side effects of these agents and the resistance posed by these parasites call for alternative approaches for treating human babesiosis. Proteases play several roles in the c…

The Knockout for G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Like PfSR25 Increases the Susceptibility of Malaria Parasites to the Antimalarials Lumefantrine and Piperaquine but Not to Medicine for Malaria Venture Compounds.

Previously we have reported that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like PfSR25 in Plasmodium falciparum is a potassium (K+) sensor linked to intracellular calcium signaling and that knockout parasites (PfSR25-) are more susceptible to oxidative stress and antimalarial compounds. Here, we explore the potential role of PfSR25 in susceptibility to the antimalarial compounds atovaquone, chloroquine, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine, and pyrimethamine and the Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) compounds previously described to act on egress/invasion (MMV0064…

Extracellular vesicles derived from Plasmodium-infected and non-infected red blood cells as targeted drug delivery vehicles.

Among several factors behind drug resistance evolution in malaria is the challenge of administering overall doses that are not toxic for the … al use as drug delivery vehicles for these cells. When loaded into pRBC-EVs, the antimalarial drugs atovaquone and tafenoquine inhibited in vitro P. falciparum growth more efficiently than their free drug counterparts, indicating that pRBC-EVs can potentially increase the efficacy of several small hydrophobic drugs used for the treatment of malaria.

Approval of Tafenoquine for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis.

Malaria chemoprophylaxis has become increasingly prominent now that it is used for vulnerable populations in endemic regions in addition to nonimmune travelers to those regions. The objective would be a drug with > 95% efficacy and that is easily tolerated, including in children and pregnant women. For individuals who prefer weekly rather than daily drug administration, a further objective is a product that is administered weekly. The deficiencies of present agents are parasite resistance to chloroquine, neuropsychiatric liability of mefloquine, the need for daily dosing for atovaquone-proguan…

Babesia microti Aldo-keto Reductase-Like Protein Involved in Antioxidant and Anti-parasite Response.

The intraerythrocytic apicomplexan Babesia microti is the primary causative agent of human babesiosis, which is an infectious disease that o … Cs in this study. Bmakr expression was significantly upregulated in the presence of oxidant stress. Atovaquone, a known anti-babesiosis drug, and robenidine, a known anti-coccidiosis drug, induced upregulation of Bmakr mRNA, thereby suggesting that Bmakr may be involved in anti-parasite drug response.

Zoonotic babesiosis: overview of the disease and novel aspects of pathogen identity.

Babesiosis is a zoonosis caused by tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic protozoa of the Phylum Apicomplexa. The disease mostly occurs in the U … for human use, but increased use of supportive measures and of the recently developed antimalarial, atovaquone, particularly in combination with azithromycin, has improved the prospects for management of acute disease especially when caused by Babesia s.s. species. Prevention should be based primarily on increasing the awareness of physicians and the public …

Severe Thrombocytopenia and New Right Bundle Branch Block in Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: A Case Report.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne illness caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted by Ixodes ticks. Clini … ain reaction (PCR) confirmed A. phagocytophilum. The patient was initially treated empirically with atovaquone and azithromycin for presumed babesiosis, but therapy was narrowed to doxycycline with rapid recovery of symptoms and normalization of laboratory abnormalities. No echocardiogram or repeat electrocardiogram was performed during hospitalization despi …

Acute Babesiosis Causing a False-Positive HIV Result: An Unexpected Association.

Babesiosis is a tick-borne condition that causes hemolytic anemia and manifests with flu-like symptoms such as fevers, chills, fatigue, and … blood cells. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received treatment with plasmapheresis, atovaquone, and antibiotics. The fourth-generation HIV 1/2 antigen/antibody test was initially positive but after treatment, HIV testing was negative. A misdiagnosis of HIV can greatly impact a patient's quality of life as antiretroviral therapy has multiple d …

Nanoengineering a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Capable of Manipulating Energy Metabolism against Cancer Chemo-Phototherapy Resistance.

Chemo-phototherapy has emerged as a promising approach to complement traditional cancer treatment and enhance therapeutic effects. However, … st cancer therapeutic resistance by integrating the photosensitizer IR780 iodide (IR780)-conjugated atovaquone (ATO) (A780) and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Mechanistically, ATO and zinc ions that are released in the acidic tumor microenvironment can lead to systematic energy exhaustion through disturbing mitochondrial electron transport and …

Inhibiting tumor oxygen metabolism and simultaneously generating oxygen by intelligent upconversion nanotherapeutics for enhanced photodynamic therapy.

Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of solid tumor, which heavily restricts the clinical cancer therapy treatments, especially for the oxygen (O2) -dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, an intelligent multi-layer nanostructure was developed for decreasing the O2-consumption and elevating the O2-supply simultaneously. The cell respiration inhibitor -atovaquone (ATO) molecules were reserved in the middle mesoporous silicon layer, and thus were intelligently released at the tumor site after the degradation of gatekeeper of MnO2 layer, which effectively inhibit tumor respiration metabolism to …

Targeted deep amplicon sequencing of kelch 13 and cytochrome b in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from an endemic African country using the Malaria Resistance Surveillance (MaRS) protocol.

BACKGROUND: Routine molecular surveillance for imported drug-resistant malaria parasites to the USA and European Union is an important publi … nd cytochrome b (cytb) genes, molecular markers associated with resistance to artemisinin (ART) and atovaquone/proguanil (AP), respectively. RESULTS: Spanning the full-length k13 gene, seven non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found (K189N, K189T, E208K, D281V, E401Q, R622I and T535M), of which none have been associated with artemisin …

[Babesiosis in an immunocompromised German patient].

BACKGROUND: Babesiosis is a tick-borne zoonosis. Human cases of babesiosis occur worldwide but have been mainly described in North America a … tive. Therapy with clindamycin and quinine induced remission. Following a relapse, retreatment with atovaquone and azithromycin was initiated. After several months, seroconversion occurred and the patient cleared the parasite 8 months after first admission. CONCLUSION: Human babesiosis does occur in Germany. Patients with splenectomy and/or immunosuppressio …

Quinolone-3-diarylethers: a new class of antimalarial drug.

The goal for developing new antimalarial drugs is to find a molecule that can target multiple stages of the parasite's life cycle, thus impacting prevention, treatment, and transmission of the disease. The 4(1H)-quinolone-3-diarylethers are selective potent inhibitors of the parasite's mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. These compounds are highly active against the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. They target both the liver and blood stages of the parasite as well as the forms that are crucial for disease transmission, that is, the gametocytes, the zygote,

Molecular Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Genes in the Republic of Korea: 2022-2025.

In the Republic of Korea (ROK), chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), and primaquine is also prescribed to prevent relapse. For Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), atovaquone-proguanil, pyronaridine-artesunate, and mefloquine are recommended. This study monitored drug resistance genes in blood samples collected from patients with P. vivax (soldiers, relapsed, and imported) and P. falciparum (soldiers and civilians) between 2022 and 2025. In P. vivax, several Pvmdr-1 mutations showed high prevalence, with S515R, G698S, L845F, M908L, T958M, and F1076L observ…

babesiosis при ультранизком паразите, представляющем в качестве вторичного гемофагоцитического лимфохистиоцитоза у пациента на клеточной терапии B.

Бэбэзия микроти, паразит, передающийся клещами иксодов, может вызывать инфекции, начиная от асимптоматических и заканчивая болезненными, угрожающими жизни болезнями. Ocrelizumab, anti-CD20 Б-лимфоциты моноклональные антитела, используемые для лечения множественных склерозов, повышают риск серьезных или повторных инфекций патогенами, передаваемыми тиками. В редких случаях младециоз может вызвать гемофагоцитический лимфохистицитоз (HLH). КАСЕ КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ: Мы сообщаем о случае, когда педициоз проявляется в субакуте с вторичным HLH. 51-year-old Женщина с клеточной терапией B. Она представила

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Babesia microti, a parasite transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis tick, can cause infections ranging in presentation from asympto … blood PCR and smear demonstrating <0.01% parasitemia. The patient improved following treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin, along with corticosteroids for HLH. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the heterogeneity of babesiosis and its potential to present with minimal parasitemia, yet severe systemic inflammation in immunocompromised hosts. Additionally, …