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Enhancing vaccine efficacy: Evaluating the superiority of cationic liposome-embedded squalene adjuvant against PCV2 infection.

Cationic liposome-embedded squalene (CLS) is a promising adjuvant that enhances antigen stability and mobility and improves immune response. This study compares the efficacy of a CLS-adjuvant porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine (CSV) with a conventional vaccine against PCV2. The CSV vaccine showed superior stability and was effective against PCV2-induced growth decline. It significantly increased serum immunoglobulin and cytokine levels, reduced serum PCV2 DNA, shortened the duration of viremia, and provided robust protection. CSV outperformed conventional vaccines, highlighting its poten…

Infectious agents identified in pigs with multifocal interstitial nephritis at slaughter.

One kidney was taken from each of 100 pigs at slaughter; 50 had gross lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis and 50 had no gross lesio … cine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and only a few cases were positive for the porcine circovirus type 1. However, porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) were detected in many kidneys of both groups but in a significantly higher proportion of the kidneys with interstitial nephritis. There was a significant association bet …

Comparative immunogenic and immunoprotective activities of PCV2d Cap and Rep antigens delivered by an efficient eukaryotic expression system engineered into a Salmonella vaccine vector.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stands as a predominant etiological agent in porcine circovirus-associated diseases. To manage the spread of the disease, it is necessary to develop a next-generation vaccine expressing PCV2 antigens that target the prevailing genotype such as PCV2d. A bacterial-mediated vaccine delivery by live-attenuated Salmonella has attracted interest for its low-cost production and highly effective vaccine delivery. Thus, in this study, we utilized the advantages of the Salmonella-mediated vaccine delivery by cloning PCV2d cap and rep into a eukaryotic expression plasmid …

Identification of microRNAs in PCV2 subclinically infected pigs by high throughput sequencing.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential etiological infectious agent of PCV2-systemic disease and has been associated with other swine diseases, all of them collectively known as porcine circovirus diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs play an increasing role in many biological processes. The study of miRNA-mediated host-pathogen interactions has emerged in the last decade due to the important role that miRNAs play in antiviral defense. The objective of this study was to identify the miRNA ex…

Multiplex quantitative PCR assay for porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 and its application for measuring infection rates at different stages of pig production.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) are considered a threat to the pig industry due to their association with growth retardation and reproductive disorders. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of PCV2 and PCV3 and used it to investigate the epidemiology of PCV2 and PCV3 at different stages of pig production. The sensitivity of the multiplex qPCR was 4.32 × 101copies/µL for PCV2 and 1.01 × 101copies/µL for PCV3, and the coefficient of variation was less than 1%. The correlation coefficients (R2) of the standard cu…

Development and Primary Application of an Indirect ELISA Based on Rep Protein to Analyze Antibodies against Porcine Cocirvirus-like Virus (PCLV).

Porcine circovirus-like virus (PCLV) is a member of circovirus that contains a single-strand DNA genome, which may be one of the pathogens that causes diarrheal symptoms in pigs. The Rep protein encoded by the genome of PCLV may be responsible for viral genome replication. The development of serological detection methods for PCLV is of great necessity for clinical diagnosis, as well as epidemiological investigations. Therefore, this study attempted to build an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine antibodies against PCLV based on the His-tagged recombinant Rep protein. …

Development of a capsid protein-based ELISA for the detection of PCV2 antibodies in swine serum.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome which leads to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. In China, there is a widespread dissemination of PCV2 infection in the pig population. Serological diagnosis of the disease is considered as an effective control measure. Here, we developed a capsid protein (Cap)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Cap-ELISA) for the detection of PCV2 antibodies in swine serum using a nuclear localization signal-truncated capsid protein produced in Escherichia coli. The Cap pro…

Primary Breast Small Cell Carcinoma With Merkel Cell Features: A Case Report and Literature Review.

IMPORTANCE: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a major pathogen responsible for the porcine circovirus-associated disease, causing significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. PCV2d has become the dominant, following a sequential shift from the previously predominant PCV2a and PCV2b genotypes. Although an effective vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) of recombinant PCV2d-based capsid protein has been developed, intramuscular inoculation of the vaccine still induces a wide variety of side effects. In contrast, intradermal vaccination offers benefits, including enhanced…

Efficient production and characterization of immunogenic HEV-PCV2 chimeric virus-like particles.

Zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging global public health concern. It is usually transmitted to humans from domestic pigs (main host). Since virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit unique structural and immunological characteristics that make them of momentous applications in vaccine development, the purpose of the present study was the production of immunogenic chimeric VLPs as vaccine candidates for the control of zoonotic HEV in its main host and the prevention of porcine circovirus associated disease, a multi-factorial disease with major economic repercussions on global pi…

Pathogens associated with pleuritic pig lungs at an abattoir in Queensland Australia.

OBJECTIVE: Pleurisy in pigs has economic impacts in the production stage and at slaughter. This study sought to establish if some micro-orga … Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA and the superior tracheobronchial lymph nodes were tested for porcine circovirus type 2 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All apparently significant bacteria were identified via PCR or sequencing. Typing was undertaken on some of the bacterial isolates. RESULTS: The most prevalent pathogens were M. hyopneumoniae, Streptoc …

PCV cap proteins fused with calreticulin expressed into polymers in Escherichia coli with high immunogenicity in mice.

BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) which causes huge yearly economic losses in the swine industry. Capsid protein (Cap) is the major structural protein of PCV2 that can induce a protective immune response. Therefore, developing a novel and safe subunit vaccine against PCV2 infection is needed. RESULTS: In this study, the Cap gene was bound to the truncated calreticulin (CRT) (120-250 aa/120-308 aa) at the N/C terminal, and then the CRT-Cap fusion genes were expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli). The size-exclusion c…

SeMet attenuates OTA-induced PCV2 replication promotion by inhibiting autophagy by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is recognized as the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. PCV2 replication could be promoted by low doses of ochratoxin A (OTA) as in our previous study and selenium has been shown to attenuate PCV2 replication. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet), the major component of organic selenium, on OTA-induced PCV2 replication promotion and its potential mechanism. The present study demonstrates that OTA could promote PCV2 replication as measured by cap…

Adoption of rotavirus vaccine by U.S. physicians: progress and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) was recommended for routine use in 2006 followed by monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in 20 … respectively, 94% and 70% were aware of the temporary suspension of RV1 due to presence of porcine circovirus; 49% and 45%, respectively, were aware of the addition to RV1 labeling regarding a possible increased risk of intussusception. Among physicians aware of the safety issues, <5% reported stopping giving RV as a result. After reading information about …

Exogenous porcine viruses.

Porcine organs, cells and tissues provide a viable source of transplants in humans, though there is some concern of public health risk from adaptation of swine infectious agents in humans. Limited information is available on the public health risk of many exogenous swine viruses, and reliable and rapid diagnostic tests are available for only a few of these. The ability of several porcine viruses to cause transplacental fetal infection (parvoviruses, circoviruses, and arteriviruses), emergence or recognition of several new porcine viruses during the last two decades (porcine circovirus, arteriv…

CD40 Ligand and GMCSF Co экспрессионирование усиливает неиммунную реакцию и охранную эффективность вакцины PCV2 Adenovirus.

Свиной цирковирус 2 (PCV2) белок капсиди (Cap) является основным структурным белком, который отвечает за нейтрализацию развития антител и защитный иммунитет, и поэтому он обычно используется для разработки вакцин против связанных с свиным циковирусом заболеваний (PCVAD). Свинина CD40 Ligand (CD40L) и гранулоцит-макропатажный фактор - оптимизирующий фактор (GMCSF) оказывают положительное иммуностимулятивное воздействие на иммуноциты и применяются для повышения эффективности вакцин в качестве привлекательных адвантных цитокинов, соответственно. Однако вопрос о том, могут ли эти два цитокина дать

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) capsid protein (Cap) is the major structural protein that is responsible for neutralizing antibodies development and protective immunity, thus it is usually used to develop vaccines against porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Porcine CD40 ligand (CD40L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) have p…

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in New Zealand.

CASE HISTORY: An outbreak of fatal or debilitating disease characterised by wasting and cutaneous lesions that usually necessitated euthanas … nded by sero-haemorrhagic fluid and proteinaceous casts. Lymphoid tissue changes typical of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)- associated disease included depletion of mature lymphocytes, histiocytic infiltrations and circoviral inclusion bodies. Lesions associated with PCV2 in non-lymphoid tissues included granulomatous or non-suppurative interstitial pneumo …

Descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS ) in New Zealand.

CASE HISTORY: Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that incl … terstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, generalised lymph-node enlargement, and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) inclusion bodies were consistently identified in affected pigs. Classical swine fever virus (CSFv), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), and Influenza virus were ruled out, using molecular and traditional virolo …

Engineering in vitro-assembled beak and feather disease virus-like particles loaded with biomolecules.

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a member of the Circoviridae family and causes psittacine beak and feather diseases (PBFD) in birds. Abnormal feathers, brittle claws and beaks, and susceptibility to secondary infections are typical sympotoms of the BFDV-infected birds. The BFDV virion possesses a single-stranded DNA genome encapsidated within a 17-22 nm non-enveloped icosahedral virions. This study evaluated the loading capacity of BFDV virus-like particles (VLPs) with different biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. The reassembled BFDV (ReBFDV) VLPs successfully encapsidated

Cellular and humoral immunity following vaccination with two different PCV2 vaccines (containing PCV2a or PCV2a/PCV2b) and challenge with virulent PCV2d.

Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease is one of the most economically important swine diseases worldwide. Vaccines reduce PCV2 disease by inducing humoral immunity (neutralizing antibodies) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) but may be improved by optimizing the immune response they induce. This study evaluated immune responses to a trivalent inactivated Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Type 1-Type 2a chimera (cPCV2a), cPCV2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) (an experimental serial of Fostera® Gold PCV MH, also marketed as Circomax® Myco) vaccine or a bivalent recombinant PCV2a baculoviru…

Pigeon rotavirus A genotype G18P[17]-associated disease outbreaks after fancy pigeon shows in Germany - a case series.

OBJECTIVE: Pigeon rotavirus A (RVA) isolates of genotype G18P[17] are causing disease outbreaks and fatalities in pigeon lofts in Australia, … parasitologic and microbiologic examinations. Molecular biologic examinations for detection of RVA, circovirus, Usutu virus, West Nile virus and Chlamydia psittaci were also carried out on all pigeons. An accompanying questionnaire filled in by the senders was used to generate basic information on the affected pigeon lofts. RESULTS: Disease outbreaks in juv …