Результаты поиска

Genomic characterization of novel orthohepeviruses in shrews and rats from Kenya.

Rodents and shrews are two groups of small mammals living in proximity with humans and have been known to harbour a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Cross-species transmission of hepeviruses from animals, particularly the recent sporadic emergence of human infections by rat-borne hepeviruses, has posed a growing threat to human health. Here, we report the full-genome identification of two orthohepeviruses in African giant shrew (Crocidura olivieri) and black rat (Rattus rattus) from Kenya, named Co-KY2016 and Rr-KY2016, respectively, the partial polymerase gene sequences of which were previously…

Defining Umbilical Norms in Kenya: A Morphometric Analysis of 411 Adults.

BACKGROUND: The umbilicus is a defining landmark of the abdomen, yet limited data exist for normal umbilical position and shape in African populations, particularly in Kenya. This study examined morphometric references among 411 Kenyan adults, emphasizing whether the "golden ratio" (1.62) holds true in this context. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a Kenyan referral hospital, enrolling adults aged 18-65 years without recent pregnancy, hernias, or prior abdominal surgery. Supine measurements determined 4 anatomical ratios, with the X:U ratio (distance from xiphoid to umbilicus …

Evaluation of the Helping Babies Breathe programme in Migori County, Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: Kenya's 2021 neonatal mortality rate was 18.42 per 1000 live births, far exceeding the Sustainable Development Goal of 12 per 1000 live births. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) was developed to equip birth attendants with necessary skills for neonatal resuscitation in low-resource settings. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and impact of HBB training in Migori County, Kenya. METHODS: This single-group pretest-posttest study was conducted at 26 healthcare centres in Migori County, Kenya. Preimplementation neonatal health data were collected between January 2022 and June …

Efficacy of Smoking Cessation Interventions among People with HIV in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) smoke at much higher rates than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions among people with HIV in lower-middle-income countries remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design trial based in Nairobi, Kenya, to evaluate the efficacy of bupropion versus placebo, and a culturally tailored behavioral cessation therapy, called Positively Smoke Free (PSF), versus standard of care for people with HIV who smoke. The…

The Burden of Plastic Surgery in Rural Kenya: The Kapsowar Hospital Experience.

PURPOSE: Both governmental and nongovernmental training programs are expanding efforts to train the next generation of plastic surgeons who will work in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sufficient training is dependent on acquiring the appropriate skillset for these contexts. Few studies have characterized the spectrum of practice of plastic surgeons in LMICs and their relative disparity. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review on all patients who received plastic surgery at a single institution in rural western Kenya from 2021 to 2023. Data such as diagnoses, procedures, and ho…

Ferritin and its association with anaemia in a healthy adult population in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is the commonest cause of anaemia worldwide. Serum ferritin is the most sensitive non-invasive indicator of iron stores but its utility is compromised in inflammatory states as it is an acute phase reactant. This study sought to estimate the burden of iron deficiency in a healthy adult population residing in Kenya and to determine the association between various ferritin cut-offs and anaemia in a population known to have chronic low-grade inflammation. METHODS: Healthy adults aged 18-65 years were recruited from urban towns in 4 counties in Kenya at average altitud…

Examining the unit costs of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines are considered the path out of the COVID-19 pandemic. The government of Kenya is implementing a phased strategy to vaccinate the Kenyan population, initially targeting populations at high risk of severe disease and infection. We estimated the financial and economic unit costs of procuring and delivering the COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya across various vaccination strategies. METHODS: We used an activity-based costing approach to estimate the incremental costs of COVID-19 vaccine delivery, from a health systems perspective. Document reviews and key informant interviews(n = 12)…

Prevalence of Epilepsy, Human Cysticercosis, and Porcine Cysticercosis in Western Kenya.

Cysticercosis is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide and has been shown to be highly prevalent in pig populations in western Kenya. We conducted a community-based door-to-door survey in a region of western Kenya with a high proportion of pig-keeping households. Persons with epilepsy (PWE) were determined using a screening questionnaire followed by a neurologist evaluation. Cysticercosis serum apDia antigen ELISAs and Western blot for LLGP and rT24h antigen were performed on all PWE and 2% of screen-negative patients. All PWE or people with positive apDia underwent contrast-enhance…

Understanding Diagnostic Delays for Kaposi Sarcoma in Kenya: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Although HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage in sub-Saharan Africa, reasons for diagnostic delays have not been well described. METHODS: We enrolled patients >18 years with newly diagnosed KS between 2016 and 2019 into the parent study, based in western Kenya. We then purposively selected 30 participants with diversity of disease severity and geographic locations to participate in semistructured interviews. We used 2 behavioral models in developing the codebook for this analysis: situated Information, Motivation, and Behavior framework a…

Persistence and Changing Distribution of Leishmaniases in Kenya Require a Paradigm Shift.

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniases present a major global public health problem, being responsible for between 40,000 and 50,000 deaths annually. The resultant morbidity affects the economic productivity and quality of life of individuals in endemic regions. As zoonotic disease(s), leishmaniases have become persistent with intermittent transmission and a tendency to disappear and reemerge, straining the fragile healthcare infrastructure in Kenya. There is a need to better understand disease(s) dynamics in Kenya. Objectives of the study. The status of leishmaniases in Kenya was reviewed to refocus and i…

Challenges of Caregivers Having Children with Autism in Kenya: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is demanding, especially where access to services and support are inadequate. The present study aimed to systematically review the challenges associated with the caregivers whose children have autism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review design was utilized. The searches were conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. A qualitative analysis that was based on meta-aggregation approach and thematic analysis was used. Thereafter, data was presented into themes. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the

Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Review of 3 Cases Managed in Kenya.

Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia that can arise either de novo (primary plasma cell leukemia) or evolve from previously diagnosed and treated multiple myeloma (secondary PCL). We highlight three clinical cases with very different presentations as a reminder of this diagnosis. The cases also highlight the diversity and variability that cover a patient's journey that is highly dependent on accessibility based on financial capability and social support. The clinical presentation is more aggressive due to the higher tumour burden and more proliferat

Social Networks and HIV Care Outcomes in Rural Kenya and Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Social isolation among HIV-positive persons might be an important barrier to care. Using data from the SEARCH Study in rural Kenya and Uganda, we constructed 32 community-wide, sociocentric networks and evaluated whether less socially connected HIV-positive persons were less likely to know their status, have initiated treatment, and be virally suppressed. METHODS: Between 2013 and 2014, 168,720 adult residents in the SEARCH Study were census-enumerated, offered HIV testing, and asked to name social contacts. Social networks were constructed by matching named contacts to other resi…

Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya.

Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The ess…

Клинические и эпидемиологические характеристики, связанные с лихорадкой денге в Момбасе, Кения.

ЦЕЛИ: Информация о денге в Африке является ограниченной. Для оценки доли случаев заболевания лихорадкой денге среди пациентов, страдающих фебриллями, и описания клинических показателей денге в Момбасе, Кения, мы провели пассивное наблюдение за лихорадкой на базе медицинских учреждений. МЕТОДЫ: В период с марта 2016 года по май 2017 года в трех медицинских учреждениях были зачислены немалярийные пациенты женского пола в возрасте от одного года до 55 лет. С интервалом в 10 - 21 день были собраны острейшие и выздоравливающие пробы крови. Острые пробы были испытаны с помощью РДТ денге и выбранного

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: Information on dengue in Africa is limited. To estimate the proportion of dengue-positive cases among febrile patients and describe clinical indicators of dengue, we conducted passive health facility-based fever surveillance in Mombasa, Kenya. METHODS: Non-malarial febrile patients between one and 55 years were enrolled at three health facilitie…

Sexualised violence against children: a review of laws and policies in Kenya.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major global health challenge. Extant literature shows that CSA is prevalent in Kenya. As a signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Kenyan government is mandated to ensure that children are protected from sexual abuse through sound laws and policies. This paper reviews existing laws and policies on CSA and highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Our findings indicate that laws on child protection exist and are protective to a large extent, as harsh penalties are ou…

Frequency and spectrum of outpatient musculoskeletal diagnoses at a pediatric hospital in Kenya.

Chronic pediatric musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are a major cause of morbidity. The burden of pediatric rheumatic diseases in East Africa is largely unknown. The purposes of this study were to estimate frequencies and assess the spectrum of MSK-related diagnoses using ICD-10 diagnostic codes among outpatients at a pediatric hospital in Kenya and to evaluate the accuracy of the assigned codes used for the 'arthropathies' category. All pediatric outpatient diagnoses classified under the ICD-10 codes for 'diseases of the MSK system and connective tissue' (M00-M99) recorded between January and …