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Perceptions of extended-release naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine treatments following release from jail.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have documented patient attitudes and experiences with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) opioid relapse prevention in criminal justice settings. This study assessed barriers and facilitators of jail-to-community reentry among adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with XR-NTX, buprenorphine, methadone, and no medications. METHODS: This qualitative study conducted individual interviews with a purposeful and convenience sample of adults with OUD who were recently released from NYC jails. XR-NTX, no medication, and methadone participants were concurrently enroll…

Naltrexone maintenance fails to alter amphetamine effects on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.

Pharmacotherapy to treat stimulant use disorders continues to be an unmet medical need. Some evidence supports both the role of opioids in mediating abuse-related amphetamine effects and the potential utility of opioid antagonists as therapeutic candidates for treating amphetamine abuse. This study used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) to evaluate effects of exposure to and termination of naltrexone maintenance on rewarding amphetamine effects in an ICSS procedure in rats. Morphine and cocaine were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 40) …

Maintenance on naltrexone+amphetamine decreases cocaine-vs.-food choice in male rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND: Cocaine use disorder remains a significant public health issue for which there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Amphetamin … choice and decreased rates of reinforcement. A dose of the mu-selective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.0032mg/kg/h) that completely blocked morphine effects had no effect on cocaine choice when it was administered alone, but it enhanced the effectiveness of a threshold dose of 0.032mg/kg/h amphetamine to decrease cocaine choice without also enhanc …

Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines after Eight Weeks of Low-Dose Naltrexone for Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, multi-symptom condition that predominantly affects women. The majority of those affected are unlikely to gain significant symptomatic control from the few treatments that are approved for FM. In this 10-week, single-blind, crossover trial we tested the immune effects of eight weeks of oral administration of low-dose naltrexone (LDN). We enrolled eight women with an average age of 46 years, symptom severity of 62 out of 100, and symptom duration of 14 years. We found that LDN was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, …

Treating Opioid Dependence With Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone (XR-NTX): Who Will Respond?

OBJECTIVES: Once-monthly intramuscular extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) has demonstrated efficacy for the prevention of relapse in opioid dependence, providing an alternative to agonist or partial agonist maintenance (ie, methadone and buprenorphine). The question remains, for whom is this unique treatment most efficacious and can patient-treatment matching factors be identified? METHODS: A moderator analysis was conducted on a previously reported 24-week, placebo-controlled, multisite, randomized controlled trial of XR-NTX (n = 126) versus placebo (n = 124) among recently detoxified opio…

Naltrexone effects on male sexual behavior, corticosterone, and testosterone in stressed male rats.

Chronic physical or psychological stress disrupts male reproductive function. Studies in our laboratory have shown that stress by immersion … sterone caused by stress. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) on male sexual behavior, corticosterone, and testosterone in both stressed sexually experienced and naive male rats. Sexually experienced adult male rats were assigned to one of the following groups (n=10 each): 1) control group, males without …

Hepatitis C virus eradication in intravenous drug users maintained with subcutaneous naltrexone implants.

UNLABELLED: The effectiveness of HCV antiviral therapy in patients who have undergone recent drug dependency treatment and continue to inject drugs sporadically is presently not clear. Patients attending a community-based drug rehabilitation and naltrexone implant clinic from October 2002 until March 2005 were screened for HCV infection and if positive offered further assessment and treatment with interferon and ribavirin therapy. The first 50 patients to commence HCV therapy and complete at least 6 months follow-up were prospectively studied. ETR response (HCV PCR negative) was 34/50 (68%) an…

Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, attenuates liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated rats.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the opioid system is involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: The effect of naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist) on hepatic fibrosis in bile duct ligated (BDL) or sham rats was assessed by histology and hepatic hydroxyproline levels. Liver matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) was measured by zymography, and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and CD45 (leucocyte common antigen) by immunohistochemistry. The redox state of the liver was assessed by hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and S…

Naltrexone potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of antiretroviral drugs in CD4+ lymphocyte cultures.

CD4(+) T lymphocytes are the primary cell target for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and these cells are known to express opioid receptors. Due to the need for new treatment approaches to HIV-1 infection, we sought to determine whether the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone would affect HIV-1 expression in CD4(+) lymphocyte cultures and whether naltrexone would alter the antiviral properties of zidovudine (AZT) or indinavir. Activated CD4(+) lymphocytes were infected with a monocytotropic or T-cell tropic HIV-1 isolate, and p24 antigen levels were measured in supernata…

Use of Naltrexone-Bupropion in Persons With Overweight/Obesity and Symptoms of Depression: A Pooled Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the safety and efficacy of the fixed-dose, extended-release combination of naltrexone and bupropion (NB-ER) in individuals with overweight/obesity and mild to moderate symptoms of depression. METHODS: Data were pooled from four double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Participants with baseline Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report scores ≥ 14 suggestive of mild or greater depressive symptoms were included (N = 511). Primary outcomes were 56-week percent weight loss and changes in depression, as well as safety data for psychiatric adverse eve…

A scoping review of naltrexone treatment for opioid use disorder: Clinical hurdles and successes.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the use of naltrexone for the treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). We reviewed the effectiveness, clinical hurdles and potential safety concerns with different naltrexone formulation, and explored how specific sub-populations fare on this treatment. METHODS: The review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and was registered in Open Science Framework (hs3g6). We included searches of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Databases, using predetermined eligibility criteria, including English language studies from 1984 to 2026 investigating naltrexone treatment for OUD. …

Налтрексон для острого управления навязчивыми сексуальными и одержимыми симптомами у пациента с неевроразвитым расстройством.

Навязчивое сексуальное расстройство (CSBD) характеризуется постоянной сложностью контроля за сексуальными желаниями и поведением, связанным с явными расстройствами или расстройствами. Данные, основанные на населении, свидетельствуют о том, что ~8.6% , взрослых американцев испытывают трудности, связанные с борьбой с сексуальными желаниями, чувствами и поведением, в то время как крупные международные исследования в области скрининга показывают, что ~5% ОСББ может подвергаться высокому риску, однако лишь меньшинство обращается за лечением. Диагностическая классификация по-прежнему сопряжена с тру

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is characterized by persistent difficulty controlling sexual urges and behaviors associated with … psychotropic optimizations; the most temporally associated improvement occurred after initiation of naltrexone, with marked improvement within 5 days and resolution of intrusive sexual thoughts by hospital day 16. Although concurrent medication changes preclude attribution to naltrexone monotherapy, the rapid response supports further investigation of reward …

Naloxone and Naltrexone as Potential Adjuvants for Vaccination Against Intracellular Pathogens: A Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvants potentiate adaptive immunity by enhancing antigen-specific immune responses, yet many exhibit high toxicity for clinical use. Naloxone (NLx) and naltrexone (NLt) opioid receptor antagonists have emerged as promising adjuvants in preclinical vaccination models against intracellular pathogens. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 2000 to 2025 evaluating NLx/NLt as adjuvants against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, while examining proposed immunoregulatory mechanisms. METHODS: A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Scienc…

Receipt of Buprenorphine and Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder by Race and Ethnicity and Insurance Type.

IMPORTANCE: Despite expanded efforts to improve treatment access, inequities exist in the receipt of medications for opioid use disorder by race and ethnicity and insurance type. OBJECTIVE: To examine inequities in access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)-specifically buprenorphine and naltrexone-by race and ethnicity and insurance type after opioid-related health care events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Institute for Health Equity Research Multi-Payor Claims Database, which includes more than 130 million individuals acros…

Perioperative Naltrexone Management: A Scoping Review by the Perioperative Pain and Addiction Interdisciplinary Network.

Substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder, are a public health concern that affect more than 150 million people globally. The opioid antagonist naltrexone is being increasingly prescribed to treat opioid use disorder, alcohol use disorder, and chronic pain. Perioperative management of patients on naltrexone is inconsistent and remains a controversial topic, with mismanagement posing a significant risk to the long-term health of these patients. This scoping review was conducted to identify human studies in which the perioperative management of naltrexone was described. This review…

Impact of policy changes and drug shortages on acamprosate and naltrexone use in Ontario, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Acamprosate and naltrexone, evidence-based pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD), are publicly covered by the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) programs; however, their availability has changed over time, with expanded formulary access in July 2018, followed by an acamprosate shortage in February 2019 and ending in July 2020. We evaluated the impact of these events on the use of these medications in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We conducted a time-series analysis among individuals with AUD dispensed acamprosate or naltrexone through the ODB from July 2016 to December 2020. Outcom…

Effect of extended-release naltrexone on alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the effect of extended-release naltrexone compared with placebo on alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) conduct pre-planned subgroup analyses to test whether being abstinent when initiating treatment (lead-in abstinence) or the duration of treatment improves treatment efficacy. DESIGN: Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting the effect extended-release naltrexone on alcohol consumption. SETTING: Outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Seven tria…

Time-dependent regional brain distribution of methadone and naltrexone in the treatment of opioid addiction.

Opioid addiction is a serious public health concern with severe health and social implications; therefore, extensive therapeutic efforts are required to keep users drug free. The two main pharmacological interventions, in the treatment of addiction, involve management with methadone an mu (μ)-opioid agonist and treatment with naltrexone, μ-opioid, kappa (κ)-opioid and delta (δ)-opioid antagonist. MET and NAL are believed to help individuals to derive maximum benefit from treatment and undergo a full recovery. The aim of this study was to determine the localization and distribution of MET and N…

'Miracle cure' or 'liquid handcuffs': reporting on naltrexone and methadone in the Australian print media.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The news media is an important source of information regarding new developments in medicine and public health interventions. Previous research has indicated that in many cases, reporting on new treatments can be inaccurate or sensationalist. This paper presents analysis of Australian print media reporting on two treatment options for heroin dependence (naltrexone and methadone). The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare the volume and content of Australian print media reporting on these two treatments, one of which had a long history of use in Australia, and th…