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[Serum fluoride concentrations and exocrine kidney function with sevoflurane and enflurane. An open, randomized, comparative phase III study of patients with healthy kidneys].

UNLABELLED: Sevoflurane is a "new" volatile inhaled anaesthetic. Owing to its lower blood-gas solubility coefficient, emergence from anaesthesia is faster with sevoflurane than with isoflurane, enflurane, or halothane. Sevoflurane undergoes metabolic biodegradation, releasing inorganic fluoride ions that could produce nephrotoxicity. In this study, we compared serum inorganic fluoride concentrations (IFCs) in patients receiving either sevoflurane or enflurane. Furthermore, indices of renal function were evaluated until the 3rd postoperative day. METHODS: Thirty patients with no history of ren

[Famotidine dosage in children. The effect of different doses on the pH and volume of the gastric juice].

Children undergoing general anesthesia are at increased risk of severe aspiration pneumonitis. Cimetidine and ranitidine, specific histamine (H2-receptor) antagonists, when given 1-3 h preoperatively markedly reduce the acidity and volume of gastric content. A newer compound, famotidine, is a more specific antagonist with no inhibitory effect on the drug metabolizing microsomal enzyme systems of the liver (cytochrome P-450), in contrast to cimetidine. An additional clinical advantage is a possible longer duration of action. In order to evaluate these potential advantages we studied the effects

From "Laughing Gas" to "Galaxy Gas": An Updated Review on the Neurological, Pathologic, and Psychiatric Sequelae of Nitrous Oxide Abuse.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O), a dissociative anesthetic and analgesic, has seen a concerning rise in recreational abuse, particularly among adolescents and young adults. This resurgence is fueled by its easy accessibility in large-volume, flavored canisters marketed as cooking aids, which exploit legal loopholes, as well as its promotion through popular culture and social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube. This literature review synthesizes current knowledge on N₂O abuse by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for articles published from January 1, 2015, t

Anesthetic management in feline renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To document perioperative and anesthetic management of 30 feline renal transplant recipients (1996-1998). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Thirty adult cats in end-stage renal failure that underwent heterotopic renal transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records were reviewed from 30 feline heterotopic renal transplant recipients. Cases were included only if they had been treated for hypertension using a beta-adrenergic antagonist, a calcium channel blocker or hemodialysis. Data regarding signalment, preoperative management, surgical technique, t

Nitrous oxide-induced B₁₂ deficiency myelopathy: Perspectives on the clinical biochemistry of vitamin B₁₂.

Beginning with a case report of nitrous oxide (N₂O)-induced B₁₂ deficiency myelopathy, this article reviews the clinical biochemistry of vitamin B₁₂, and examines the pathogenetic mechanisms by which B₁₂ deficiency leads to neurologic damage, and how this damage is potentiated by N₂O exposure. The article systematically examines the available experimental data relating to the two main coenzyme mechanisms that are usually suggested in clinical articles, particularly the deficient methylation hypothesis. The article demonstrates that neither of these mechanisms is fully consistent with the avail

Results, meta-analysis and a first evaluation of UNOxR, the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, as a measure of nitrite reabsorption in experimental and clinical settings.

We recently found that renal carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in the reabsorption of inorganic nitrite (NO2-), an abundant reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in tissues and cells. Impaired NO synthesis in the endothelium and decreased NO bioavailability in the circulation are considered major contributors to the development and progression of renal and cardiovascular diseases in different conditions including diabetes. Isolated human and bovine erythrocytic CAII and CAIV can convert nitrite to nitrous acid (HONO) and its anhydride N2O3 which, in the presence of thiols (RSH), are further convert…

Nitrous oxide and cerebrospinal fluid markers of ischaemia following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Twenty patients with good ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were studied to determine whether the pre-bypass use of nitrous oxide resulted in any differences in cerebrospinal fluid markers indicative of cerebral ischaemia. All patients were anaesthetised with diazepam, fentanyl and pancuronium, after which ten patients received 50-60% nitrous oxide in oxygen until commencement of bypass, and the remaining patients 100% oxygen. Because of the known effect of nitrous oxide in expanding gaseous bubbles, any neurological dysfunction of gaseous microembolic origin may b

The Role of GABA Receptors in Anesthesia and Sedation: An Updated Review.

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors are constituents of many inhibitory synapses within the central nervous system. They are formed by 5 subunits out of 19 various subunits: α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, θ, π, and ρ1-3. Two main subtypes of GABA receptors have been identified, namely GABAA and GABAB. The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is formed by a variety of combinations of five subunits, although both α and β subunits must be included to produce a GABA-gated ion channel. Other subunits are γ, δ, ε, π, and ϴ. GABAAR has many isoforms, that dictate, among other properties, their differing affinities and

The effects of intrathecal and systemic adjuvants on subarachnoid block.

Various intrathecal and systemic adjuvants to local anaesthetics have been found to improve the quality and extend the duration of spinal block. Intrathecal opioids are the most frequently used; the lipophilic fentanyl and sufentanil enhance and moderately prolong the sensory block, whereas the hydrophilic morphine significantly prolongs spinal analgesia. Nausea/vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention and respiratory depression are possible side effects. Adrenergic agonists, such as adrenaline and phenylephrine may prolong the block due to vasoconstriction, while clonidine and dexmedetomidine ac

Matrix glycosaminoglycans in the growth phase of fibroblasts: more of the story in wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Understanding wound healing and ways to accelerate the healing process includes understanding the factors that influence the syn … bitors. Sulfated molecules were collected by ion-exchange chromatography and then assayed for GAGs. Nitrous acid deamination was used to determine heparan sulfate GAGs, and chondroitinase was used for chondroitin/dermatan sulfate GAGs. The proportion of individual GAGs was expressed with respect to sulfated molecules isolated. In addition, RNA was isolated fro …

[Common variable immunodeficiency associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenia: anesthetic management].

A 44-year-old man diagnosed of common variable immunodeficiency associated with thrombopenia due to autoimmunity required anesthesia for anal fissure repair and hemorrhoidectomy. Hemostatic complications developed after surgery, with extreme thrombopenia (1,000 platelets/pl) and analytical changes that necessitated administration of six units of platelets from apheresis, as well as immunoglobulins, antifibrinolytic agents (e-aminocaproic acid) and granulocytic colony stimulating factors. Anesthesia for such patients is reviewed, with emphasis on careful management of the airways, preparation o

Endodontics in Systemically Compromised Patients

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Case Report: Case of subacute combiled deгенерация спинного мозга в связи с хроническим атрофическим гастритом, макроцитической анемией и положительными антисульфатидом IgM и IgG антителами.

Антисульфатидные антитела являются автоантиорганизмами, связанными с различными неврологическими расстройствами. Они были выявлены в нескольких условиях, включая синдром Гильен-Барре, множественный склероз и хронический подстрекательский демиелинизирующий полинропат. Субакустическое комбинированное дегенерирование спинного мозга вызвано главным образом дефицитом витамина В12. Хроническая атрофическая гастритис — сложное состояние, характеризующееся атрофацией и воспалением желудочно-кишечной слизи. На сегодняшний день не было зарегистрировано ни одного случая, когда пациенты с субакутальным ко

Identification of iron metabolism-related predictive markers of endometriosis and endometriosis-relevant ovarian cancer.

Endometriosis is associated with ovarian cancers, mainly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Iron metabolism has been shown to play a role in endometriosis. Therefore, it is vital to explore the relationship between iron metabolism and ovarian cancer and to identify novel markers for diagnostics and therapeutics. The endometriosis dataset GSE51981 and the ovarian cancer dataset GSE26712 were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Iron metabolism genes were obtained from molecular signatures database, and hub genes from the 3

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… Iron dextran (DB00893), sodium ferric gluconate complex (DB09517), nitrous acid (DB09112), iron (DB01592), zinc (DB01593), ferric pyrophosphate (DB09147), ferric pyrophosphate citrate (DB13995), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (DB06154), zinc acetate (DB14487), ferrous gluconate (DB14488), ferrous succinate … acid | Approved, investigational | Oxidizer | DB01592 | Iron | Approved | | DB01593 | Zinc | Approved, investigational | | DB09147 | Ferric pyrophosphate | Experimental | Binder | DB13995 | Ferric pyrophosphate citrate | Approved, investigational | Binder | DB06154 | Pentaerythritol tetranitrate …

2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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