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Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and are still relied upon by over 80% of the Ethiopian population. The people of G … ecies) were utilized to treat genitourinary system-related disease category, having 25 use reports. Ocimum lamiifolium (Ur:56) and Moringa stenopetala (Ur:51) are widely used species and received highest use report value. CONCLUSION: Gamo people possess extensive traditional knowledge of ethnomedicine. The region's vegetation hosts diverse medicinal spe …

Effects of four Indian medicinal herbs on Isoniazid-, Rifampicin- and Pyrazinamide-induced hepatic injury and immunosuppression in guinea pigs.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa (CL), Ocimum sanctum (OS), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) on liver injury and immunosuppression induced by Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA). METHODS: Duncan Hartley guinea pigs, weighing 700-1050 g, were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH, 100 mg/kg of RIF and 300 mg/kg of PZA for 21-d. 200 mg/kg (bw) of each herb crude extract was administered to the herb control group and 2-h previous to INH+RIF+PZA (AKT) doses to the Herb+AKT groups. Serum alanine…

Ethnomedicinal uses of plants for the treatment of malaria in Soon Valley, Khushab, Pakistan.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: To best of our knowledge this is the first quantitative ethno-medicinal study with the aim of documenting th … most cited family with 7 species, followed by Fabaceae, Rutaceae and Lamiaceae with 5 species each. Ocimum americanum and Solanum incanum were the species with the highest relative frequency of citation (RFC =0.25 each) and percentage of respondents having knowledge (PRK =25.4% each), followed by Grewia tenax (RFC =0.23, PRK =23.8%), which indicates that …

Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Used for Respiratory Tract Disorders: Ethnomedicinal Review.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) refer to infections in any part of the respiratory tract, which are common, with most of the world's pop … us globulus (6.8%), Allium sativum (5.5%), Zingiber officinale (4.2%), Ruta chalepensis (3.8%), and Ocimum lamiifolium (2.8%). Herbs were the dominant plant growth form (46%) used to treat respiratory diseases, and the most commonly used MP parts were leaves (37%). The leading traditional method used for preparation was decoction (25.5%), and the remedie …

Mechanistic Aspects of Medicinal Plants and Secondary Metabolites against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic virus, is responsible for a resp … elated to COVID-19 include Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Glycyrrhiza glabra Zingiber officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Scutellaria baicalensis. Also, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Baicalin, Scutellarin, Glycyrrhizin, Curcumin, Apigenin, Ursolic acid, and Chloroquine are the best candidates for treating the symptoms ass …

Indigenous medicinal knowledge and therapeutic practices of the endangered Ongota/Birale of Southwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: This study documents the indigenous medicinal knowledge of the Ongota/Birale people in Hinchete Kebele (county) of Benna Tsemay … (22.2%), and acupressure (11.1%). From the 26 medicinal plants that grow in the study area, 7 i.e., Ocimum americanum, Acalypha fruticosa, Corchorus tridens, Adenium obesum, Terminalia brownii, Boswellia neglecta, and Sansevieria ehrenbergii were not reported for similar uses previously. Pharmacological studies have not yet been reported for 12 of the 26 …

Screening of Phytocompounds Against the NF-kB Pathway Genes and Lung Elevated Proteins Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the pathophysiologic state of the inflammatory response to lung injury character … Allium sativum, Alstonia scholaris, Ammi visnaga, Artemisia vulgaris Linn., Houttuynia cordata, and Ocimum gratissimum Linn. were retrieved and used for docking against selected ARDS targets. Among them, genkdaphine from A. sativum inhibited ACVRL1 (binding affinity of -9.2 kcal/mol, and RMSD of 2.607Å), ITGAL (binding affinity of -9.1 kcal/mol, and RMSD …

A Shigella sonnei outbreak traced to imported basil--the importance of good typing tools and produce traceability systems, Norway, 2011.

On 9 October 2011, the University Hospital of North Norway alerted the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) about an increase in Shigella sonnei infections in Tromsø. The isolates had an identical ‘multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis’ (MLVA) profile. Most cases had consumed food provided by delicatessen X. On 14 October, new S. sonnei cases with the same MLVA-profile were reported from Sarpsborg, south-eastern Norway. An outbreak investigation was started to identify the source and prevent further cases. All laboratory-confirmed cases from both clusters were attempted to b

Mechanism of in vitro percutaneous absorption enhancement of carvedilol by penetration enhancers.

The effect of penetration enhancers like tulsi (basil) oil, eucalyptus oil, clove oil, black cumin oil, oleic acid and Tween 80 on the percutaneous absorption of model lipophilic drug-carvedilol was investigated using excised rat abdominal skin. Transdermal flux, permeability coefficient and enhancement factor were calculated for each penetration enhancer. Black cumin oil (5% v/v) was selected on the basis of its highest enhancement in permeation and was evaluated further for its mode of action using DSC, FTIR and histological studies. The results indicated that the oil shows its action by ext

Antibacterial activity of selected plants used in traditional medicine from Gedeo zone, Ethiopia against multidrug-resistant wound bacterial isolates.

Developing new drugs and identifying alternative sources of antimicrobial leads in the context of emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) are ex … y was conducted on three traditionally used medicinal plants: Ajuga integrifolia (roots and stems), Ocimum lamiifolium (leaves), and Ruta chalepensis (aerial parts). These plant parts were collected from various fields and the Dilla University Botanical Garden and were authenticated by a botanist. Following cleaning and shade drying, they were ground int …

Plant-mediated synthesis: Transforming traditional Bangladeshi medicinal plants into immunomodulatory nanoparticles for enhanced shrimp immunity and pathogen control.

This study explored the potential of plant-derived immune nanoparticles for enhancing the immunity, growth, and disease resistance of Penaeus monodon against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in sustainable aquaculture systems. Multi-metallic immune nanoparticles were synthesized via a green route using aqueous extracts from five Bangladeshi medicinal plants - Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Amloki (Emblica officinalis), Dumur (Ficus racemosa), Pepe (Carica papaya), and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula). In the synthesis process, 10 mL of each plant extract was added to 100 mL of 1 mM metal nitrate soluti…

Some Nigerian plants of dermatologic importance.

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the world's population uses medicinal plants in the treatment of diseas … ta indica, Cassia alata, Alstonia boonei, Ficus asperifolia, Cocos nucifera, Jatropha gossypyfolia, Ocimum gratissimum, Ricinus communis. A literature search on 38 of the plants used by herbal prescribers revealed the presence of established antimicrobial agents, immune modulating agents, antioxidants, other vitamins and minerals, volatile oils and emoll …

Is Camphor the Future in Supporting Therapy for Skin Infections?

The aim of this review is to present the potential application of camphor-a bicyclic monoterpene ketone-in the prevention of skin infections. Skin diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by prolonged symptoms that significantly diminish the quality of life. They affect the dermis, the epidermis, and even subcutaneous tissue. They very often have a bacterial or fungal background. Therapy for dermatological skin disorders is difficult and long-term. Therefore, it is important to find a compound, preferably of natural origin, that (i) prevents the initiation of this in

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… Composition of the Camphor-Rich Essential Oil of Ocimum Basilicum L. Native to Northeast India. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2006;18:332–334. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699104. 57. Joshi R.K. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Camphor Basil (Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke) Glob. J. Med. … Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 2016;7:195885. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681. 104. Fatma G., Mouna B.F., Mondher M., Ahmed L. …

Pre-exposure to a novel nutritional mixture containing a series of phytochemicals prevents acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell deaths by enhancing BCL-XL expression and minimizing oxidative stress in the liver.

From a disease-prevention perspective, recent progress in phytochemical and nutraceutical research clearly suggests (benefits outweigh the r … Gymnema, Ginkgo, Ephedra sinica, Camellia sinensis, Silybum, Guarana, Eluthero, Allium sativum and Ocimum basilicum extracts. To evaluate PNM's antitoxic potential, groups of animals ICR mice, 3 months old) received either a control diet or PNM containing diets (1X and 10X) for 4 weeks. On day-28, animals were divided into two subgroups. Half the animal …

Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer.

Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniqu

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… Ocimum basilicum L. (i.e., basil) is consumed as a seasoning worldwide. Hosam et al. compared six cultivars of basils and found that basil leaf extracted from methanol had anti-tumor effects and was rich in RA [ 26 ]. … Copper oxide (CuO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles induced biomass accumulation, antioxidants biosynthesis and abiotic elicitation of bioactive compounds in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum (Thai basil) Artif. Cells Nanomed. …

β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide-natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties.

Natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (BCP) and β-caryophyllene oxide (BCPO), are present in a large number of plants worldwide. Both BCP and BCPO (BCP(O)) possess significant anticancer activities, affecting growth and proliferation of numerous cancer cells. Nevertheless, their antineoplastic effects have hardly been investigated in vivo. In addition, both compounds potentiate the classical drug efficacy by augmenting their concentrations inside the cells. The mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of these sesquiterpenes are poorly described. BCP is a phytocannabinoid wit

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… According to Essential Oil Database (EssOilDB) ( http://nipgr.res.in/Essoildb/ ), BCP as a plant volatile compound is commonly found in basil ( Ocimum spp.), cinnamon ( Cinnamomum spp.), black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.), cloves ( Syzygium aromaticum ), cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L.), lavender ( Lavandula … EssOilDB‐based data indicate basil ( Ocimum spp.), salvia ( Salvia glutinosa ) and Syzygium cordatum as the main natural sources of BCPO. …

Nature-Inspired Strategies in Cancer Management: The Potential of Plant Extracts in Modulating Tumour Biology.

Cancer is a serious group of diseases that is a huge problem on a global scale and is the second most common cause of death. Commonly used therapies do not always lead to the complete elimination of diseased cells or tissues and are also burdened with side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. Due to these difficulties, new therapeutic approaches are still being sought. In recent years, there has been a return to interest in natural methods of treating various diseases, among which phytochemicals are particularly interesting. This article reviews plant extracts with anticancer p

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… Tested ethanolic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia , Boerhaavia diffusa , Berberis aristata , and Ocimum basilicum showed immunomodulatory properties. … An increase in interferon gamma production was observed in the presence of Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum basilicum extracts, indicating that these extracts may support the immune response and improve the body’s natural ability to fight cancer [ 103 ]. …

Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view.

Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitr

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… Ocimum sanctum EO affects enzymes, namely SOD, CAT, and GST, and increases the levels of reduced glutathione, a nonenzymatic antioxidant which is responsible for decrease in the size of tumour and its incidence in the mice with the induced toxicity [ 82 ]. … activities of Schinus molle L. and Schinus molle Raddi berries essential oils Journal of Food Science 2010 75 6 C466 C472 2-s2.0-77955796063 20722898 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01711.x 137 Sharma M Agrawal SK Sharma PR Chadha BS Khosla MK Saxena AK Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of essential oil from Ocimum …

Targeted phytotherapy: essential oils, multi-target cancer action & nanodelivery.

Biochemical components of essential oils (EOs) are an innovative but largely underexplored type of precision phytotherapy (PT) in oncology owing to their anticancer activity against many types of tumors. This article discusses the important multitargeted molecular mechanisms of EOs (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor microenvironment) and their role as antitumor agents. In particular, an effort has been made to emphasize on the most notable volatile EOs such as thymol, eugenol, limonene, β-caryophyllene, and their interaction with oncogenic signaling pathways (NF-κB,

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… , β-carotene (2.81 mg/100g), phenolic compounds (632 mg/100g) | Size: 105 nm; PdI: 0.12; Zeta: -17.2 mV; EE: 80.51%; STable 6 months | Cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 (55% reduction at 386 μg/mL, 72h); No toxicity on L929; 97% colony reduction at 386 μg/mL; 40% migration inhibition at 48h | ( 117 ) Ocimum … sanctum (Tulsi) | Green synthesis (essential oil-mediated reduction of HAuCl 4 ) | Os-AuNPs (Ocimum sanctum essential oil-gold nanoparticles) | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) | Methyl isoeugenol, caryophyllene, eugenol | Size: 57.81 nm (DLS), 24–28 nm (TEM); PDI: 0.42; Zeta: -27.6 mV; Spherical/triangular …

Theranostic Potentials of Gold Nanomaterials in Hematological Malignancies.

Hematological malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of blood neoplasia generally characterized by abnormal blood-cell production. Detection of HMs-specific molecular biomarkers (e.g., surface antigens, nucleic acid, and proteomic biomarkers) is crucial in determining clinical states and monitoring disease progression. Early diagnosis of HMs, followed by an effective treatment, can remarkably extend overall survival of patients. However, traditional and advanced HMs' diagnostic strategies still lack selectivity and sensitivity. More importantly, commercially available chemotherapeutic dr

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… Using an MTT assay, Gautam et al. (2017) reported that b-AuNPs prepared from Ocimum sanctum leaf extract displayed cytotoxicity toward Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) cells. b-AuNPs decreased mitochondrial-membrane potential (ΔΨm) and, thereby, induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. …