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Mechanical suppression of osteolytic bone metastases in advanced breast cancer patients: a randomised controlled study protocol evaluating safety, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of exercise as a targeted medicine.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal metastases present a major challenge for clinicians, representing an advanced and typically incurable stage of cancer. Bone is also the most common location for metastatic breast carcinoma, with skeletal lesions identified in over 80% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Preclinical models have demonstrated the ability of mechanical stimulation to suppress tumour formation and promote skeletal preservation at bone sites with osteolytic lesions, generating modulatory interference of tumour-driven bone remodelling. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated anti-cancer e

Chinese expert consensus recommendations for the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors to special cancer patient populations.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have shown significantly durable clinical benefits and tolerable toxicities and have improved the survival of patients with various types of cancer. Since 2018, the National Medical Products Administration of China has approved 17 ICIs as the standard treatment for certain advanced or metastatic solid tumors. As ICIs represent a broad-spectrum antitumor strategy, the populations eligible for cancer immunotherapy are rapidly expanding. However, t

Exploring neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of immune regulation and future therapeutic potential.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are complex, web-like structures consisting of DNA intertwined with antimicrobial proteins, which neutrophils release upon immune activation. These structures play a crucial role in pathogen elimination, particularly in infectious diseases. However, their involvement in various pathological conditions is multifaceted and context-dependent, while NETs contribute to host defense against infections, they can also exacerbate sterile inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechani

Peripheral Nerves in Cancer: Regulatory Roles and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer neuroscience has emerged as a transformative frontier in oncology research, focusing on the interplay between cancer cells and the nervous system. Cancer cells establish tumorspecific neural networks within tumor tissues via neurotrophic hijacking. The nervous system regulates tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis either directly by regulating signal transduction in tumor cells or indirectly by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). The positive feedback loop between cancer cells and nerves promotes tumor progression. Deciphering the regulatory role of nerves in tumor prog

Advances in the research on myokine-driven regulation of bone metabolism.

The traditional view posits that bones and muscles interact primarily through mechanical coupling. However, recent studies have revealed that myokines, proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells, play a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Myokines are widely involved in bone metabolism, influencing bone resorption and formation by interacting with factors related to bone cell secretion or influencing bone metabolic pathways. Here, we review the research progress on the myokine regulation of bone metabolism, discuss the mechanism of myokine regulation of bone metabolism, explore

Интеграция изображений TSPO-PET с метаболомикой в целях повышения прогнозируемой точности при множественном склерозе.

СОСТОЯНИЕ НА ВЫСШЕМ УРОВНЕ: Прогнозирование прогрессии заболеваний в множестве склерозов (МС) по-прежнему сопряжено с трудностями. Снимки PET с помощью 18 Радиолиганды кДа транслокаторного белка (TSPO) могут обнаруживать микроглиальную и астроцитную активацию, выходящую за пределы видимых МРТ повреждений, которые, как было доказано, являются весьма прогнозирующими прогрессию заболеваний. Ранее мы продемонстрировали, что метаболомика, основанная на ядерном магнитном резонансе (НМВ), может проводить четкое различие между повторным излучением (РРМ) и вторичным прогрессивным НР (СМП). В этом иссле

34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019): part 2 : National Harbor, MD, USA. 10 November 2019.

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Targeting strategies for bone diseases: signaling pathways and clinical studies.

Since the proposal of Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept over 100 years ago, tremendous advances have occurred in targeted therapy. From the initial selective antibody, antitoxin to targeted drug delivery that emerged in the past decades, more precise therapeutic efficacy is realized in specific pathological sites of clinical diseases. As a highly pyknotic mineralized tissue with lessened blood flow, bone is characterized by a complex remodeling and homeostatic regulation mechanism, which makes drug therapy for skeletal diseases more challenging than other tissues. Bone-targeted therapy has b

Свет в диагностике, терапии и хирургии.

Легкие и оптические методы оказывают глубокое воздействие на современную медицину, и в настоящее время в клинической практике используются многочисленные лазеры и оптические устройства для оценки состояния здоровья и лечения заболеваний. Последние достижения в области биомедицинской оптики позволили использовать все более сложные технологии, в частности технологии, которые объединяют фотонику с нанотехнологией, биоматериалами и генной инженерией. В настоящем Обзоре мы вновь обращаемся к основам взаимодействия легкой материи, описываем применение света в визуализации, диагностике, терапии и хир

Prominent Role of Histone Modifications in the Regulation of Tumor Metastasis.

Tumor aggressiveness and progression is highly dependent on the process of metastasis, regulated by the coordinated interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Metastasis involves several steps of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, intra- and extravasation, and new tissue colonization. EMT is considered as the most critical process allowing cancer cells to switch their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetics mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs participate

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) represents a common and debilitating side effects in cancer patients, often compromising treatment adherence and quality of life. Current management remains suboptimal, necessitating the exploration of complementary therapies. Acupuncture, as a widely used adjunctive therapy, has been attempted for the treatment of CINV. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect and safety of acupuncture in managing CINV. METHODS: We comprehensively searched seven electronic databases (EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Chin

Comprehensive analysis of plasma cell heterogeneity and immune interactions in multiple myeloma.

This study focused on the role of plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) and the associated potential mechanisms. Transcriptomic data of MM and various gene sets from several public databases were downloaded for subsequent analyses. Through single-cell sequencing, 10 major cell types were identified and annotated. The differential gene expression and pathway enrichment between different plasma cell subtypes as well as cell communication analysis, transcriptional regulation analysis, and enrichment analysis in conjunction with the malignant subpopulation were performed. Next, the samples were cl

Drug delivery for age-related bone diseases: From therapeutic targets to common and emerging therapeutic strategies.

With the accumulation of knowledge on aging, people have gradually realized that among the many factors that cause individual aging, the accumulation of aging cells is an essential cause of organ degeneration and, ultimately, age-related diseases. Most cells present in the bone microenvironment gradually age over time, leading to an imbalance of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. This imbalance contributes to age-related bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Bone aging can prolong the lifespan and delay the developmen

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… Changes in aging-related intestinal flora affect the brain-gut axis through the enteric nervous system, which can hinder nerve, endocrine, and immune signals, leading to central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's syndrome ( Gupta et al., 2016 ). …

The Multifaceted Nature of GLP-1: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the use of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other potential clinical indications, including neurodegenerative conditions. The article describes the characteristics of the diseases discussed, with particular emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of metabolic disorders on the course of the diseases. In addition, the specific role of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their mechanisms of action leading to improved clinical outcomes were discussed, including their impact o

New approaches to divorce with children: A problem of public health.

This broad review elaborates on the most up-to-date knowledge on biochemical and psychobiological aspects of parental loss and other childhood adversities during divorce involving minor children. So far, divorce involving minor children was unfortunately considered by authorities only as a purely juridical problem, and this approach has often allowed a completely different approach according to the Courts. Now, scientific research, also making use of animal models, is demonstrating the biological basis of the problem and the indisputable consequences on the well-being and health of children. T

Research trends and hotspots of CAR-T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A bibliometric analysis.

This study aims to analyze the global research patterns and emerging trends in CAR-T cell therapy for ALL through a bibliometric analysis. Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The bibliometric analysis utilized VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix" to visualize collaborations, keyword co-occurrences, and emerging research trends. A total of 844 articles from 253 journals by 6,459 authors across 44 countries were analyzed, showing an annual growth rate of 40.08%. The USA (372 articles, 38,065 citations) and China (275 articles, 5,636 cit

Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer?

Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer

Proteolytic chemokine cleavage as a regulator of lymphocytic infiltration in solid tumors.

In the past decade, immune-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies against tumor epitopes or immune checkpoint inhibitors have become an integral part of contemporary cancer treatment in many entities. However, a fundamental prerequisite for the success of such therapies is a sufficient trafficking of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment. This infiltration is facilitated by chemokines, a group of about 50 small proteins capable of chemotactically guiding leukocytes. Proteolytic inactivation of chemokines leading to an impaired infiltration of immune effector cel

Glutamine and cancer: metabolism, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic targets.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in human serum, and it can provide carbon and nitrogen for biosynthesis, which is crucial for proliferating cells. Moreover, it is widely known that glutamine metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer cells. Many cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming targeting glutamine, increasing its uptake to meet their rapid proliferation demands. An increasing amount of study is being done on the particular glutamine metabolic pathways in cancer cells.Further investigation into the function of glutamine in immune cells is warranted given the critical role these

The Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Tumorigenesis.

Cancer is initiated by mutations in critical regulatory genes; however, its progression to malignancy is aided by non-neoplastic cells and molecules that create a permissive environment known as the tumor stroma or microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a dual function cytokine that also acts as a nuclear factor. IL-33 typically resides in the nucleus of the cells where it is expressed. However, upon tissue damage, necrosis, or injury, it is quickly released into extracellular space where it binds to its cognate receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L found on the membrane o