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Protocol for the rapid detection of the urogenital tract mollicutes and Chlamydia with concomitant LGV-(sub)typing.

Urogenital tract infections can be caused by a number of pathogens, some of which, like the obligate intracellular Chlamydia trachomatis, are difficult to culture, or the cell wall-less mollicutes, like M. hominis or Ureaplasma spp. Real-time PCR (qPCR) has become an important diagnostic tool as it enables not only the species-specific detection of the organism but also the quantification essential to define the etiological relevance of a facultative pathogenic bacterium. We developed a set of TaqMan qPCRs for the detection of the species M. genitalium and M. hominis (Mh/Mg-duplex qPCR), U. pa…

Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with balanoposthitis in men with non-gonococcal urethritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with balanitis and/or posthitis in a previous study of the role of M genitalium in men with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). METHODS: In a previous study of men with acute NGU, the existence of balanitis and/or posthitis was recorded. Chlamydia trachomatis, M genitalium and ureaplasmas were sought in urethral swabs and urine using a direct fluorescent antibody test and in-house PCR, an in-house PCR and a culture method, respectively. Men were treated with doxycycline or erythromycin. RESULTS: M genitalium was associate…

Hormonal contraception and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Estrogen-progestogen contraception (OC) is significantly associated with a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the lower genital tracts of young women. In contrast, pelvic inflammatory disease is less frequent and is associated with milder pelvic lesions in OC users than in non-users. A recent study suggests that OC use can be associated with silent endometritis and salpingitis. The usual clinical, biological and laparoscopic signs of acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease are described. As shown tby several cost-benefit analyses, C. trachomatis detection in family planning cent…

A case of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome diagnosed by noninvasive metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

OBJECTIVE: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome (FHCS) is an inflammation of the liver capsule as a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in sexually active women, mostly associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Classically presenting as sharp right upper quadrant pain, usually accompanied salpingitis and ascites. With nonspecific clinical presentation and poor specificity, definitive diagnosis needs tissue biopsy and culture by laparoscopy. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 22-year-old female with a 2-month history of abdominal pain and distention…

Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region-A narrative review and call to action.

The Pacific Island countries of the Western Pacific Region have some of the highest rates of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the world. Despite this, there are few research studies that include Pacific Islanders. We conducted a narrative review of original research and surveys, including World Health Organization and Pacific Community reports, to determine the prevalence, management, and treatment of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae compared to HIV and syphilis from 1980 to 2022. Available epidemiologic data on C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoe…

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in female clinic attendees in Honiara, Solomon Islands.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of common bacterial sexually transmitted infections, including Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in women attending clinics in the Solomon Islands. METHODS: We conducted a sexual health survey among women attending three nurse-led community outpatient clinics in August 2014, to establish the prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in female clinic attenders in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Vaginal swab samples were tested for infection with C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae using a commercial strand displacem…

Mycoplasma genitalium in cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women at a gynecologic outpatient service.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the prevalence and clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma genitalium infection in a heterogeneous population of women. STUDY DESIGN: The study was designed as a cross-sectional case-control study. Women attending a gynecological outpatient service from 2003 through 2008 were invited to participate. RESULTS: The prevalence of M genitalium was 2.1% and of Chlamydia trachomatis was 2.8% among 5519 tested women. A total of 679 women were included. Both pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and cervicitis were independently associated with M genitalium (odds ratio, 9.00…

A Review of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Its Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance and the Human Microbiome.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major global health burden, with rising incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum. Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP), consisting of a single 200 mg dose within 72 h after condomless sex, has emerged as a promising intervention. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate consistent efficacy in reducing chlamydia and syphilis, while protection against gonorrhea is variable, being strongly influenced by baseline tetracycline resistance and anatomical site. Surveillance data from San Francisco and K…

Chlamydial infection and sexual behavior in young pregnant teenagers.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among adolescents and is one of the most common causes of perinatal infection. We have screened 267 young nulliparous adolescent girls (12-17 years old) for cervical C. trachomatis infection during their pregnancy using tissue culture methods. The population was a cohort of pregnant teenagers who had limited sexual exposure (mean duration of sexual activity, 14.3 months, mean number of lifetime partners, 2.0 +/- 1.5). The initial screening was done at enrollment to a prenatal care clinic, and the thir…

Development of immunity to ocular chlamydial infection.

The development of "natural immunity" to homologous and heterologous ocular challenge with Chlamydia trachomatis was examined in cynomolgus monkeys given primary or secondary inoculations of C. trachomatis serovars B, C, and E. Overall, serovar E gave more severe disease than the other serovars. The amount of disease induced by the 2 serovar B strains examined, TW-5 and HAR-36, varied. In general, animals showed resistance to homologous secondary challenge, which was better characterized by a reduction in the recovery of culturable organisms than by a reduction in clinical disease. However, fo…

Stopping azithromycin mass drug administration for trachoma: A systematic review.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends continuing azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma until endemic regions drop below 5% prevalence of active trachoma in children aged 1-9 years. Azithromycin targets the ocular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause trachoma. Regions with low prevalence of active trachoma may have little if any ocular chlamydia, and, thus, may not benefit from azithromycin treatment. Understanding what happens to active trachoma and ocular chlamydia prevalence after stopping azithromycin MDA may improve future treatment decisions. We systemat…

Recombinant Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Reveal Antichlamydial Activity.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRPs) are innate immune components that recognize the peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides of bacteria and exhibit antibacterial activity. Recently, the obligate intracellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis was shown to have peptidoglycan. However, the antichlamydial activity of PGLYRPs has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to test whether PGLYRPs exhibit antibacterial activity against C. trachomatis Thus, we cloned the regions containing the human Pglyrp1, Pglyrp2, Pglyrp3, and Pglyrp4 genes for subsequent expression in human cell line…

Aetiological agents of urethritis in symptomatic South African men attending a family practice.

The objective was to determine the occurrence of four urethral pathogens in urine specimens from symptomatic men using transcription mediated amplification (TMA) assay. Urethral swab and urine specimens from 300 men presenting to a family practitioner were Gram stained and tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium using three TMA assays respectively. Except for T. vaginalis, the other recognized pathogens viz. N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis and M. genitalium were detected in significantly larger numbers of patients with urethral di…

Dipstick leukocyte esterase activity in first-catch urine specimens. A useful screening test for detecting sexually transmitted disease in the adolescent male.

Although sexually active female adolescents are often routinely screened for sexually transmitted diseases, indications for culturing adolescent males for sexually transmitted urethral infections are controversial. A study of 54 sexually active males (14 to 22 years old) was undertaken to assess the reliability of using dipstick leukocyte esterase activity in first-catch urine specimens to detect urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Eighteen males had sexually transmitted diseases: N gonorrhoeae (nine patients), C trachomatis (eight patients), and N gonorrhoeae…

Etiology of urethral discharge in West Africa: the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological role of pathogens other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral discharge in West African men. METHODS: Urethral swabs were obtained from 659 male patients presenting with urethral discharge in 72 primary health care facilities in seven West African countries, and in 339 controls presenting for complaints unrelated to the genitourinary tract. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. FINDINGS: N.…

Воздействие ВИЧ и хламидиозной инфекции на ректальное воспаление и концентрацию цитокина у мужчин, вступающих в половые отношения с мужчинами.

Инфекции асимптоматической хламидии трахоматис широко распространены среди ВИЧ-инфицированных мужчин, которые занимаются сексом с мужчинами (ММС). Хотя C. trachomatis в сочетании с ВИЧ, скорее всего, усилит воспаление, асимптоматический курс говорит об обратном. Мы оценивали местные воспаления, повреждения мукозы и концентрации цитокина в пробах ректальных мукозалов у пациентов с ВИЧ (с использованием или без применения комбинированной антиретровирусной терапии) и с присутствием или без присутствия ректаль C. trachomatis. Ректальные мазки 79 MSM (с использованием и без использования C. trachom

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Although C. trachomatis combined with HIV would be likely to enhance inflammation, the asymptomatic course suggests otherwise. We assessed local inflammation, mucosal damage, and cytokine concentrations in rectal mucosal fluid samples from patients with …

Uptake, yield and resource requirements of screening for asymptomatic sexually transmissible infections among HIV-positive people attending a hospital outpatient clinic.

UNLABELLED: Background We performed a prospective audit of screening for asymptomatic sexually transmissible infections (STIs), during an intensive effort to screen all patients at our hospital-based HIV clinic. We aimed to measure the effectiveness and resource implications of our screening program. METHODS: All outpatients who attended during an 8-month period were invited to take part in opt-out screening for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and syphilis. Participants completed a brief questionnaire, were asked about current symptoms of STIs and self-co…

Lymphogranuloma venereum: an emerging problem in Poland.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease that increases in incidence, particularly in more developed countries worldwide. LGV is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars/genovars L1-3, including their subvariants, and in Europe mostly affects men who have sex with men (MSM). It can be asymptomatic but has now emerged as a frequent cause of severe proctitis/proctocolitis, especially in MSM. LGV has often been misdiagnosed as C. trachomatis serovars/genovars D-K infection. It is essential with accurate diagnosis that ensures appropriate treatment and protects the patient …

Chlamydia inhibits progesterone receptor mRNA expression in SHT-290 cells.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the UK, with over 200,000 positive diagnoses annually. The infection is thought to cause reproductive complications including problems in conceiving a pregnancy through to miscarriage and early or stillbirth. One potential reason Chlamydia may impact upon pregnancy is through disrupting the embryo implantation at the earliest stages of pregnancy is by altering the ability of specific cells that line the uterus called stromal cells to respond to the hormone progesterone, the hormone responsible for preparing …

A Chlamydia effector recruits CEP170 to reprogram host microtubule organization.

The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis deploys virulence effectors to subvert host cell functions enabling its replication within a specialized membrane-bound compartment termed an inclusion. The control of the host cytoskeleton is crucial for Chlamydia uptake, inclusion biogenesis and cell exit. Here, we demonstrate how a Chlamydia effector rearranges the microtubule (MT) network by initiating organization of the MTs at the inclusion surface. We identified an inclusion-localized effector that is sufficient to interfere with MT assembly, which we named inclusion pr…