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Human HLA prolongs the host inflammatory response in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection compared to mouse H2 molecules.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is widely acknowledged as a significant zoonotic pathogen in Southeast Asia and China, which has led to a substantial number of fatalities in both swine and humans. Despite the prevalent use of mice as the primary animal model to study S. suis pathogenesis, the substantial differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between humans and mice underscore the ongoing exploration for a more suitable and effective animal model. In this study, humanized transgenic HLA-A11/DR1 genotypes mice were used to evaluate the differences between humanized HLA and murin…

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis in plasmablastic lymphoma identifies disruption of key regulatory pathways.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) represents a clinically heterogeneous subtype of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Targeted-sequencing st … centuated in interleukin-6/JAK/STAT signaling, NF-κB activity, and MYC signaling. Moreover, class I major histocompatibility complex-mediated antigen processing and cell cycle regulation were significantly affected by EBV status. An almost exclusive upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling in EBV+ PBL and a significantly induced expression of NTRK3 in conc …

rs2013278 in the multiple immunological-trait susceptibility locus CD28 regulates the production of non-functional splicing isoforms.

BACKGROUND: Ligation of CD28 with ligands such as CD80 or CD86 provides a critical second signal alongside antigen presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex expressed on antigen-presenting cells through the T cell antigen receptor for naïve T cell activation. A number of studies suggested that CD28 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified CD28 as a susceptibility locus for lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, …

Durable Expansion of TCR-δ Meta-Clonotypes After BCG Revaccination in Humans.

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used for 100 years and prevents disseminated tuberculosis and death in young children. However, it shows only partial efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults, so new vaccines are urgently needed. The protective efficacy of BCG depends on T cells, which are typically activated by pathogen-derived protein antigens that bind to highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Some T cells recognize non-protein antigens via antigen presenting systems that are independent of genetic background, leading to …

Highly stable gold nanoparticle-antigen conjugates with self-adjuvanting property for induction of robust antigen-specific immune responses.

Poor long-term stability and formation of irreversible aggregates when subjected to a freeze-drying process greatly limits the clinical appl … the chemical conjugation of OVA onto GNP-PEG substantially increased antigen uptake and upregulated major histocompatibility complex class II expression in macrophages. This indicated that the GNP can function as not only an adjuvant to promote the phagocytic activity of macrophages but also a carrier to deliver the conjugated antigen into the immune cells for the enhancement of …

Intrapericardial Exosome Therapy Dampens Cardiac Injury via Activating Foxo3.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are well recognized immunomodulating agents for cardiac repair, while the detailed … regulatory T cell differentiation to promote cardiac repair. Mechanistically, uptake of exosomes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) induced Foxo3 activation via the protein phosphatase (PP)-2A/p-Akt/forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) pathway. Foxo3 dominated APC cytokines (IL-10, IL-33, and IL-34) expression and built up a regulatory T cell (Treg)- …

Bifidobacterium animalis KV9 and Lactobacillus vaginalis FN3 alleviated β-lactoglobulin-induced allergy by modulating dendritic cells in mice.

Food allergy is a serious public health problem because of its high incidence and risk. Probiotics can induce immune regulation in patients … ce. Flow cytometry analysis of intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) showed that the proportion of CD11c+major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II+DCs, CD11c+CD80+DCs, and CD11c+ CD86+DCs increased after KV9 and FN3 intervention, indicating that the strains induced immature DCs and decreased the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs. Meanwhile, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signa …

Periosteum and fascia lata: Are they so different?

Introduction: The human fascia lata (HFL) is used widely in reconstructive surgery in indications other than fracture repair. The goal of th … ssessed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DNA, collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, major histocompatibility complex Type 1, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) contents were quantified. HP (N = 6) and HFL (N = 11) were submitted to stretch tests. Results: Histology and IHC highlighted similarities (Type I collagen fibers and two-layer organization) but also diff …

Paradoxical Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Deficiency on HLA-B27 and Its Role as an Epistatic Modifier in Experimental Spondyloarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to examine the functional basis for epistasis between endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and … the presence of HLA-B27, including reduced allogeneic T cell stimulation and loss of CD103-positive/major histocompatibility complex class II-positive cells, were not rescued by ERAP1 deficiency, while excess Il23a up-regulation was mitigated. CONCLUSION: ERAP1 deficiency reduced HLA-B27 misfolding and improved folding while having opposing effects on HLA-B7. The finding that HL …

Serum levels of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ autoantibody associated with the clinical, pathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with dermatomyositis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the serum levels of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1)-γ autoantibodies with the … iopsy specimens were obtained from 52 patients, and immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, CD3, CD20 and C5b-9. Muscle biopsy scores and disease activity were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were positive for anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies confirmed by ELISA assay, including 30 cancer-associated myositis (CAM) and 50 non- …

Clinical and pathological features of immune-mediated necrotising myopathies in a single-centre muscle biopsy cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) is a subset of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) characterized by significantl … showed more frequent muscle fibre necrosis (95.6% vs 72.4 and 56.3%, p < .0001), overexpression of major histocompatibility complex-I on sarcolemma (83.8% vs 37.9 and 12.9%, p < .0001), and CD4+ T cell endomysia infiltration (89.7% vs 53.6 and 50%, p < .0001) compared with those from LGMD 2B and LSM patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is easy to distinguish IMNM from other IIM subtypes a …

Single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of mouse endothelial cells in response to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

AIMS: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction drives the initiation and pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to charact … lobal PAH-induced EC changes that were confirmed by bulk RNA-seq. This included upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway, supporting a role for ECs in the inflammatory response in PAH. We also identified a PAH response specific to the second capillary EC population including upregulation of genes involved in cell death, cell motility, and angiogenesis …

Hierarchy of multiple viral CD8+ T-cell epitope mutations in sequential selection in simian immunodeficiency infection.

CD8+ T-cell responses exert strong suppressive pressure on viral replication and select for viral escape mutations in HIV infection. Multiple viral epitopes restricted by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) are targeted by CD8+ T cells. Sequential selection of viral escape mutations in individual epitope-coding regions could result in failure in CD8+ T cell-based viral control leading to disease progression. However, how this sequential selection of epitope mutations occurs has not fully been determined. Here, we examined sequential selection of viral mutations in seven CD8+ T-cel…

Local FK506 implants in non-human primates to prevent early acute rejection in vascularized composite allografts.

BACKGROUND: Previous vascularized composite allograft (VCA) studies from our laboratory have shown that topical FK506 delivery in non-human primates (NHPs) was limited by inadequate dermal penetration and rejection persisted. Herein, we report the first utilization of FK506 via subcutaneously implanted discs to mitigate VCA rejection in NHPs. METHODS: Full major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched NHP pairs underwent partial-face VCA and FK506 disc implantation along the suture line. All allotransplants were maintained post-operatively for two months on the FK506 discs, methylpredniso…

Immunological Responses to Transgene-Modified Neural Stem Cells After Transplantation.

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke. Researchers have frequently carried out genetic modification … capable of inducing immunological reactions has not been explored. Although NSCs rarely express the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), they can still cause some immunological issues. To investigate whether transgene-modified NSCs aggravate immunological responses, we detected the changes in peripheral immune organs and intracerebral astrocytes, glial cells, and MHC-I and MHC …

Bioinformatics characterization of Plasmodium knowlesi apical membrane antigen 1 (PkAMA1) for multi-epitope vaccine design.

Malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi species has become a public health concern, especially in Malaysia. Plasmodium knowlesi parasite which … predicted using two bioinformatics servers, i.e., NetMHCpan4.1 and NetMHCIIpan-4.0 targeting human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, respectively. The antigenicity of the selected epitopes computed by both B- and T-cell predictors were further analyzed using the VaxiJen server. The results demonstrated that PkAMA1 protein encompasses multi an …

Аденовирусная вакцина Т для гепардивируса показывает снижение эффективности против CD8T-варианта выхода клеток у крыс.

Существует срочная потребность в вакцине для предотвращения хронической инфекции вирусом гепатита С (ГХВ) и его многочисленными генетическими вариантами. В первом эксперименте с вакциной человека с использованием рекомбинантных вирусных векторов, которые стимулируют пангенотипическую реакцию Т на неструктурные белки ВЦВ, не удалось продемонстрировать свою эффективность, несмотря на значительные предклинические обещания. Для разработки более совершенных стратегий иммунизации необходимо понимание факторов, определяющих успех вакцины от ВЦВ. Используя крысиную модель хронической грызуновой гепард

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
There is an urgent need for a vaccine to prevent chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its many genetic variants. The first human … oteins (NS)3-5B and later challenged with a viral variant containing immune escape mutations within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted epitopes (escape virus). Whereas 7 of 11 (64%) rats cleared infection caused by wild-type RHV, only 3 of 12 (25%) were protected against heterologous challenge with escape virus. Uncontrolled replication of escape virus was …

Identification and Characterization of Rift Valley Fever Virus-Specific T Cells Reveals a Dependence on CD40/CD40L Interactions for Prevention of Encephalitis.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus found throughout Africa. It causes disease that is typically mild and self-limiting; however, … rtant in Th1 and Tfh development and function were used to demonstrate that T-bet, CD40, CD40L, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) mediated protection from RVFV encephalitis, while gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were dispensable. Virus-specific antibody responses correlated with protection from encephalitis in all mouse strains, suggesting …

The Protective Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Part of Er MiaoSan on Adjuvant Arthritis Rats by Regulating the Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Er Miao San (EMS) and the regulative function of bone marrow-derived d … dulated the expression of surface costimulatory molecules in BMDCs, including CD40, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (P < 0.01). The results also showed that the ethyl acetate part of EMS significant inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 23 tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and inflammatory factor prostaglandin (PG) E …

Viral myocarditis involves the generation of autoreactive T cells with multiple antigen specificities that localize in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs in the mouse model of CVB3 infection.

Autoreactive T cells may contribute to post-viral myocarditis induced with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), but the underlying mechanisms of their … ) and cardiac troponin I. None of these induced cross-reactive T cell responses. Next, we generated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers to enumerate the frequencies of antigen-specific T cells to determine whether T cells with multiple antigen specificities are generated by CVB3 infection. These analyses revealed appearance of CD4 T cells positive for SERCA …