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Protective Efficacy of Lyophilized Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccines in Animal Model.

We evaluated the in vitro effects of lyophilization for 2 vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines by using 3 stabilizing formulations and demonstrated protective immunity of lyophilized/reconstituted vaccine in guinea pigs. Lyophilization increased stability of the vaccines, but specific vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines will each require extensive analysis to optimize stabilizing formulations.

Dynamic Actin Filament Traps Mediate Active Diffusion of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Ribonucleoproteins.

A recently developed variational Bayesian analysis using pattern recognition and machine learning of single viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle tracks in the cytoplasm of living cells provides a quantitative molecular explanation for active diffusion, a concept previously "explained" largely by hypothetical models based on indirect analyses such as continuum microrheology. Machine learning shows that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) RNP particles are temporarily confined to dynamic traps or pores made up of cytoskeletal elements. Active diffusion occurs when the particles escape from one tr…

Immunogenicity of replication-deficient vesicular stomatitis virus based rabies vaccine in mice.

BACKGROUND: Rabies is a viral disease that causes severe neurological manifestations both in humans and various mammals. Although inactivated and/or attenuated vaccines have been developed and widely used around the world, there are still concerns with regard to their safety, efficacy, and costs. OBJECTIVE: As demand has grown for a new rabies vaccine, we have developed a new vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) based rabies vaccine that replaces glycoproteins with rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (GP), or so-called VSV/RABV-GP. METHODS: VSV/RABV-GP production was measured by sandwich ELISA. …

Structure of the L Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus from Electron Cryomicroscopy.

The large (L) proteins of non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, a group that includes Ebola and rabies viruses, catalyze RNA-dependent RNA polymerization with viral ribonucleoprotein as template, a non-canonical sequence of capping and methylation reactions, and polyadenylation of viral messages. We have determined by electron cryomicroscopy the structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) L protein. The density map, at a resolution of 3.8 Å, has led to an atomic model for nearly all of the 2109-residue polypeptide chain, which comprises three enzymatic domains (RNA-dependent RNA po…

Emergency postexposure vaccination with vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola vaccine after needlestick.

IMPORTANCE: Safe and effective vaccines and drugs are needed for the prevention and treatment of Ebola virus disease, including following a … 28, 2014. INTERVENTIONS: The vaccine used was VSVΔG-ZEBOV, a replicating, attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (serotype Indiana) whose surface glycoprotein gene was replaced by the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein gene. This vaccine has entered a clinical trial for the prevention of Ebola in West Africa. RESULTS: The vaccine was administered 43 hours a …

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines against Ebola and Marburg virus infections.

The filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans and nonhuman primates. Among the most-promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses a single filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). Importantly, a single injection of blended rVSV-based filovirus vaccines was shown to completely protect nonhuman primates against Marburg virus and 3 different species of Ebola virus. These rVSV-based vaccines have also shown utility when ad…

Neuroblastoma cell fusion by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus.

A temperature sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus which does not mature properly when grown at 39 degrees C promoted extensive fusion of murine neuroblastoma cells at this nonpermissive temperature. Polykaryocytes apparently formed as a result of fusion from within the cells that requires low doses of infectious virions for its promotion and is dependent on viral protein synthesis. Although 90% of infected N-18 neuroblastoma cells were fused by 15 h after infection, larger polykaryocytes continued to form, leading to an average of 28 nuclei per polykaryocyte as a result of polykaryo…

Replication of vesicular stomatitis virus facilitated by Shope fibroma virus in vivo.

Previous studies show that Shope fibroma virus facilitates replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in some rabbit cells grown in vitro. In the present investigation, the possibility that these two viruses can also interact in vivo was determined. Rabbits inoculated intradermally with both viruses together, or each separately, were examined for the formation of lesions or tumors and for the production of infectious virus. The presence of VSV interfered with tumorigenesis by Shope fibroma virus. In tumors already formed, production of infectious VSV was greater than in normal skin. Hence…

Stomatal cytokinesis defective2-dependent endocytic vesicular trafficking of abscisic acid.

Abscisic acid (ABA), a stressful phytohormone, is transported and signaled by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). However, whether ABA promotes its cellular intake by CME and CCVs remains unknown. Here, this issue is first clarified by CME-mediated exogenous biotinylated ABA (bioABA) to localize in CCVs using three fluorescent macromolecules. BioABA has the physiological activity of ABA and may simulate the typical physiological effects of ABA during Arabidopsis seed germination and root growth. A binding analysis confirmed that both ABA and bioABA could sp

Outbreaks of Vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus in horses and cattle in northeastern Brazil.

The current article describes outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in horses and cattle in Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states, northeastern Brazil, between June and August 2013. The reported cases affected 15-20 horses and 6 cattle distributed over 6 small farms in 4 municipalities, but additional data indicated the involvement of a large number of animals on several farms. The disease was characterized by blisters; eruptive lesions in coronary bands, lips, mouth, and muzzle; salivation; claudication and loss of condition. Swollen lower limbs and lips, and ulcerated and erosive areas in …

Selective infections of olfactory and respiratory epithelium by vesicular stomatitis and Sendai viruses.

Following intranasal instillation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in mice there was an extensive infection of the olfactory epithelium in contrast to a minimal involvement of the respiratory epithelium. Sendai virus (SV), on the other hand, caused an extensive infection of the respiratory epithelium and only minimal infection of the olfactory mucous membrane. VSV budded from basolateral surfaces of supporting cells and olfactory neurons, but not from their apical surfaces or the ciliated bulbous endings of the olfactory neuron dendrites. This asymmetric release of VSV favoured neuroinvasio…

Replication of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome in permissive and nonpermissive host cells.

Permissive infections of BHK cells and nonpermissive infections of Raji cells were probed for the accumulation of vesicular stomatitis virus intracellular RNAs. In Raji cells, the onset of vesicular stomatitis virus transcription and replication was delayed when compared to BHK cells, and the accumulation of plus and minus sense leader RNAs was significantly reduced. In contrast, full length plus and minus strand replicative RNAs accumulated in Raji cells to levels approximately equivalent to those in BHK cells. In both cell types, approximately four times as many minus strands as plus strands…

Native elution immunoaffinity chromatography for the efficient purification of vesicular stomatitis virus.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a promising platform for oncolytic virotherapy and vaccine development. However, its purification remains challenging due to the sensitivity of enveloped viruses to conventional downstream processing conditions. In this study, we investigated the transferability of our previously developed native elution immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) concept to efficient VSV purification and systematically evaluated the key factors governing its performance while preserving virus integrity and infectivity. Polyclonal anti-VSV IgG antibodies of guinea pig and human orig…

Limited G-dependent residual infectivity of G gene-deleted vesicular stomatitis virus.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) -ΔG vector particles are widely applied in vaccine development, gene delivery, and immunotherapy studies due to their high transduction efficiency and replication-defective design. However, G-pseudotyped VSV-ΔG preparations may exhibit residual multicycle infectivity associated with VSV-G-dependent entry. Therefore, in this study, we generated VSV-ΔG particles and corresponding M51R and ΔM51 derivatives to examine the relationship between G-dependent residual infectivity and post-entry innate immune regulation. Serial passage experiments were performed with rem…

A Lethal Pseudofilovirus Model in Ifnar1(-/-) Mice Using Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses.

Filoviruses cause highly lethal infectious diseases with hemorrhagic symptoms and extremely high fatality rate (up to 90%). Although two vac … of EBOV-, SUDV-, BDBV- and MARV- GP-mediated entry using Ifnar1-knockout (-/-) mice and recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSVs), carrying a genetic sequence of filoviral glycoprotein (GP) and pseudotyped with correspondent GP. We showed that rVSV-EBOV-GP was 100% lethal for Ifnar1(-/-) mice after inoculation by multiple routes, and its active propagation was …

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Isolated from a Bovine Brain Sample in Costa Rica.

The genome of Vesicular stomatitis (New Jersey) virus was obtained by high-throughput sequencing after the nucleic acid was extracted from the supernatant of Vero E6 cells inoculated with a sample of a bovine brain with nervous signs. The sample was negative for rabies by direct Immunofluorescence and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by histopathology.

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome with vesicular stomatitis in a 4-year-old infant.

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (RHS) usually affects adults, but rare cases of preschool children with RHS have been reported. We report a case of RHS in a healthy 4-year-old girl. At the age of 4 years and 5 months, she complained of pain in her mouth and herpes zoster vesicles were noted on the left soft palate and tongue without left pinna, and complete left facial paralysis subsequently developed. She was treated with acyclovir and steroids. Six months later, her facial paralysis had almost fully resolved.

Membrane recognition by vesicular stomatitis virus involves enthalpy-driven protein-lipid interactions.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection depends on the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, which is mediated by virus spike glycoprotein G at the acidic environment of the endosomal compartment. VSV G protein does not contain a hydrophobic amino acid sequence similar to the fusion peptides found among other viral glycoproteins, suggesting that membrane recognition occurs through an alternative mechanism. Here we studied the interaction between VSV G protein and liposomes of different phospholipid composition by force spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence…

Псевдотип вируса стоматита с нейтрализующим антигеном вируса энцефалита, переносимого клещами.

Вирус стоматита (VSV), выращиваемый в результате двойной инфекции вирусом энцефалита, передаваемого клещами, произвел псевдотипа VSV (TBE) с поверхностными белками, поставляемыми вирусом ТБЭ. Это явление может применяться в ходе быстрого, точного и чувствительного теста для обнаружения и анализа нейтрализации антител, характерных для вируса ТБЭ.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), when grown in dual infection with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, produced pseudotype VSV (TBE) with surface proteins provided by TBE virus. This phenomenon can be employed in a rapid, accurate and sensitive test for detection and assay of neutralizing antibodies specific for TBE virus.