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Life Cycle, Host Utilization, and Ecological Fitting for Invasive Lancet Liver Fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Emerging in Southern Alberta, Canada.

The expansion of parasite distributions outside of their native host and geographical ranges has occurred repeatedly over evolutionary time. … the 3-host life cycle of the liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Results of sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) mitochondrial gene identified the terrestrial snail Oreohelix subrudis and the ant Formica aserva as first and second intermediate hosts, respectively, in the region. Neither o …

The Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) Cohort Study: Recruitment, Baseline Assessment, and Description of the First 500 Participants.

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer (AMBER) Study is the first and only prospective cohort study of breast cancer survivors that includes objectively-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, health-related fitness (HRF), and biologic mechanisms focused on understanding breast cancer outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to report on the feasibility of recruitment, baseline measurement completion, and the representativeness of the first 500 participants. METHODS: AMBER is enrolling newly diagnosed stage I (≥T1c) to IIIc breast cancer survi…

Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS): Validity and Responsiveness.

BACKGROUND: Although preliminary studies have established a good psychometric foundation for the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) for a broad population of youth with disabilities, additional validation is warranted for young children. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to (1) examine concurrent validity, (2) evaluate the ability to identify motor delay, and (3) assess responsiveness of the PEDI-CAT Mobility domain and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). METHODS: Fifty-three infants and young children (<18 months of age) admitted to a pediatri…

Pediatric tuberculosis in Alberta First Nations (1991-2000): outbreaks and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine.

BACKGROUND: The tuberculosis control strategy of vaccinating First Nations newborns with BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) is currently undergoing re-evaluation in Canada. Review of recent pediatric tuberculosis morbidity could inform this re-evaluation. METHODS: Potential source cases and pediatric cases of tuberculosis from Alberta First Nations were identified over the 10 years 1991-2000. The distribution of pediatric disease was described. The effect of BCG on tuberculosis morbidity in two large outbreaks was determined. RESULTS: A total of 57 potential source cases and 41 pediatric cases of…

Changing prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and disease in persons with HIV at the Southern Alberta Clinic since 1985.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of T. gondii infection and T. gondii disease among people with HIV living in southern Alberta over 37 years. METHODS: People with HIV age ≥18 years accessing care at the Southern Alberta Clinic (SAC) (Calgary, Alberta, Canada) between 01/1/1985 and 30/06/2022 with baseline T. gondii serology were included. Poisson regression models with robust variance (approximating log binomial models) estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity (vs. seronegativity). …

Неравноправие в применении методов лечения заболеваний среди взрослых, страдающих множественным склерозом, в городских и сельских районах Альберты, Канада.

ЦЕЛИ: Сопоставление методов лечения с целью изменения заболеваний между людьми, живущими с множественным склерозом (pwMS), которые проживают в сельских и городских районах. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках этого ретроспективного когортного исследования были использованы увязанные в индивидуальном порядке административные данные для выявления ПМС в апреле. 1, 2019 (индексная дата) в Альберте, Канада. Использование ДМТ было сопоставлено между ПМС, которые проживали в сельской местности и городских районах в период 1-year Послеиндексный период. Разработка моделей структурных уравнений (SEM) и логистическая регре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: To compare disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use between people living with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) who resided in rural vs urban areas. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used population-level individually linked administrative data to identify pwMS on April 1, 2019 (index date), in Alberta, Canada. DMT use was compared between pwMS who r…

"She Couldn't Say the Word Penis": Experiences of 2SLGBTQ+ People with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities with Sex Education in Alberta, Canada.

This exploratory qualitative study sought to better understand the experiences of Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (2SLGBTQ+) disabled people when learning about sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender identity. We conducted 31 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with adults labeled/with developmental and intellectual disabilities in Alberta, Canada. Findings showed a significant lack of comprehensive sex education available to 2SLGBTQ+ disabled people. Sexual and gender identities were rarely discussed in formal school-based education settings and most parents and car…

Consensus for a primary care clinical decision-making tool for assessing, diagnosing, and managing low back pain in Alberta, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition causing disability and high healthcare costs. Alberta faces challenges with unnecessary referrals to specialists and long wait times. A province-wide standardized clinical care pathway based on evidence-based best practices can improve efficiency, reduce wait times, and enhance patient outcomes. Implementing such pathways has shown success in other areas of healthcare in Alberta. This study developed a clinical decision-making pathway to standardize care and minimize uncertainty in assessment, diagnosis, and management. METHODS: A systemat…

The effect of first-wave COVID-19 restrictions on HCV testing in Alberta, Canada: A trend analysis from 2019 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Alberta was on track to meet national HCV elimination targets by 2030. However, it is unclear how the pandemic has affected progress. Here, we aim to assess the impact of first-wave COVID-19 restrictions on Alberta HCV testing trends. METHODS: HCV testing information was extracted from the provincial public health laboratory from 2019 to 2022. HCV antibody and RNA testing were categorized into (1) number ordered, (2) number positive, and (3) percent positivity, and stratified by HCV history status. Testing trends were evaluated across locations enga…

Implementing Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral Intervention for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Hospital Settings in Alberta: A Pilot Study.

Objective: This study assessed the feasibility of implementing screening, brief intervention and referral (SBIR) intervention in hospital settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the implementation of the SBIR intervention in a hospital in Alberta for tobacco use, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and insufficient vegetable and fruit consumption. Patients were interviewed approximately 4-month later to collect data on the acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention received (n = 108). The data were primarily analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 108 patie…

The Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System: a 40-year review with prevalence and trends for selected congenital anomalies, 1997-2019.

INTRODUCTION: Current published long-term provincial or territorial congenital anomaly data are lacking for Canada. We report on prevalence (per 1000 total births) and trends in 1997-2019, in Alberta, Canada, for selected congenital anomalies. Associated risk factors are also discussed. METHODS: We used data from the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (ACASS) to calculate the prevalence and perform chi-square linear trend analyses. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2019, the overall prevalence of neural tube defects was stable, at 0.74 per 1000 total births. The same was true for spina bif…

Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study.

OBJECTIVES: Coprescribing of benzodiazepines/Z-drugs (BZDs) and opioids is a drug-use pattern of considerable concern due to risk of adverse events. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of concurrent use of BZDs on the risk of hospitalisations/emergency department (ED) visits and deaths among opioid users. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a population-based case cross-over study during 2016-2018 involving Albertans 18 years of age and over who received opioids. From this group, we identified 1 056 773 people who were hospitalised or visited the ED, and 31 998 wh…

Socioeconomic gradients of adverse birth outcomes and related maternal factors in rural and urban Alberta, Canada: a concentration index approach.

OBJECTIVE: Using a summary measure of health inequalities, this study evaluated the distribution of adverse birth outcomes (ABO) and related maternal risk factors across area-level socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in urban and rural Alberta, Canada. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using a validated perinatal clinical registry and an area-level SES. SETTING: The study was conducted in Alberta, Canada. Data about ABO and related maternal risk factors were obtained from the Alberta Perinatal Health Program between 2006 and 2012. An area-level SES index derived from census data (2006) was link…

Evaluating the concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, selenium, and selenium:mercury molar ratios in traditional foods of the Bigstone Cree in Alberta, Canada.

Traditional foods provide nutritional, social, and economic benefits for Indigenous communities; however, anthropogenic activities have raised concerns about mercury (Hg), especially methylmercury (MeHg), in these foods. This issue may be of particular concern for communities near large industrial activities, including the Bigstone Cree Nation adjacent to the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada. This community-led study sought to assess variation in THg and MeHg concentrations among traditional food types (plants or animals), species, and tissues (muscles, organs), and variation in concentratio

Changes in heart failure outcomes after a province-wide change in health service provision a natural experiment in Alberta, Canada.

BACKGROUND: The Alberta Cardiac Access (ACA) initiative was implemented in the spring of 2008 to increase access to specialized heart failure (HF) clinics after hospital discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified all adults hospitalized with a most responsible diagnosis of HF between April 1999 and December 2009. We randomly selected 1 episode of care per patient and evaluated outcomes using interrupted time series: the a priori specified primary outcome was all-cause readmission or death in the first 30 days postdischarge. Between 1999 and 2009, median length of stay increased from 8 days…

Rabies prevalence in migratory tree-bats in Alberta and the influence of roosting ecology and sampling method on reported prevalence of rabies in bats.

The migratory tree-roosting hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) are among the bat species with t … L. noctivagans specimens, collected during mortality surveys at wind energy facilities in Southern Alberta, Canada in 2007 and 2008, for rabies. None of the L. cinereus (0%) and one L. noctivagans (1%) tested positive for rabies. Prevalence of rabies was significantly lower than previously reported estimates, passive and active, for L. cinereus and L. no …

Antimicrobial resistance of fecal Salmonella spp. isolated from all phases of pig production in 20 herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Salmonella spp. (n = 468), isolated from the feces of sows, nursery, and grow-finish pigs in 20 farrow-to-finish herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan, were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. No resistance was identified to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin or nalidixic acid, and less than 1% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and gentamicin. Isolates were most commonly resistant to tetracycline (35%) and sulfamethoxazole (27%). Overall, 59% of the Salmonella were susceptible to all 16 drugs (pansusceptible). Isolates from sows were …

Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003.

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes over a 2-year period in both the mortality rate and the causes of death in a geographically defined HIV-infected population. METHODS: A database search of primary care information for the dates and causes of death for all patients documented with HIV infection and living in Southern Alberta between 1984 and 2003 was undertaken. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Causes of death were then individually confirmed by reviewing the patients' hospital charts, autopsy reports, or death certificates and coded using the International Classificat…

Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance for prediction of 6-, 9- and 12-month scores on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.

The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) is a test of functional movement in infants from 32 weeks' post-conceptional age to 4 months postterm. The purpose of this study was to assess in 96 infants (44 females, 52 males) with varying risk, the relation between measures on the TIMP at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after term age and percentile ranks (PR) on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Correlation between scores on the TIMP and the AIMS was highest for TIMP tests at 90 days and AIMS testing at 6 months (r=0.67, p=0.0001), but all comparisons were statistically significant except those bet…