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Effects of dark chocolate consumption on the prothrombotic response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men.

Flavanoid-rich dark chocolate consumption benefits cardiovascular health, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. We investigated the acute effect of dark chocolate on the reactivity of prothrombotic measures to psychosocial stress. Healthy men aged 20-50 years (mean ± SD: 35.7 ± 8.8) were assigned to a single serving of either 50 g of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate (n=31) or 50 g of optically identical flavonoid-free placebo chocolate (n=34). Two hours after chocolate consumption, both groups underwent an acute standardised psychosocial stress task combining public speaking and mental arithmeti

Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolaemic adults.

Cocoa products present great health potential due to their high content of polyphenols, mainly of flavanols. However, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other health effects of regularly consuming cocoa products seem to depend on the intake and health status of the consumer, etc. and need to be further clarified. A randomised, controlled, cross-over, free-living study was carried out in healthy (n 24) and moderately hypercholesterolaemic (>2000 mg/l, n 20) subjects to assess the influence of regularly consuming (4 weeks) two servings (15 g each) of a cocoa product rich in fibre (containing

Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of flavonoid-rich beverages, including tea and red wine, has been associated with a reduction in coronary events, but the physiological mechanism remains obscure. Cocoa can contain extraordinary concentrations of flavanols, a flavonoid subclass shown to activate nitric oxide synthase in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in humans. DESIGN: The study prospectively assessed the effects of Flavanol-rich cocoa, using both time and beverage controls. Participants were blinded to intervention; the en

Diet and caries experience among preschool children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

The study investigated the association between food and drink consumption and the caries experience among young children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. A one-stage cluster sample was used to select children who were 5 or 6 yr of age. Clinical examinations for caries were conducted. Parents completed questionnaires seeking information on dietary habits. Principal components analysis was used to derive a summary score for the dietary variables (designated 'snack consumption level') and thus overcome the multicollinearity problems associated with using multiple dietary variables. Dental examinat

Inclusion of cocoa as a dietary supplement represses expression of inflammatory proteins in spinal trigeminal nucleus in response to chronic trigeminal nerve stimulation.

SCOPE: Central sensitization is implicated in the pathology of temporomandibular joint disorder and other types of orofacial pain. We investigated the effects of dietary cocoa on expression of proteins involved in the development of central sensitization in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) in response to inflammatory stimulation of trigeminal nerves. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or an isocaloric diet consisting of 10% cocoa powder 14 days prior to bilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the temporomandibular joint to prom

Foods, and food and drug combinations, responsible for head and neck pain.

The literature has been reviewed to uncover the existence of head and neck pain syndromes caused by foods and food and drug combinations. Knowledge of the etiology of such syndromes may help in their treatment. At least twenty-five syndromes have been described. These include those induced by coloring and flavoring agents, alcoholic products, chocolate, coffee and tea, foods containing tyramine, vitamins, minerals, pesticides, and several others. Where possible, the active ingredients and the minimal amounts responsible for the induction of pain have been identified.

The effects of fenofibrate on metabolic and vascular changes induced by chocolate-supplemented diet in the rat.

Current evidences suggest that diet per se plays an important role in genesis of metabolic and vascular function abnormalities. We have investigated the effects of addition of a high-fat diet (chocolate) in the presence or absence of short-term (7 days) administration of fenofibrate on metabolic and vascular changes in adult male Wistar rats. Despite similarities in total body weight in all groups, compared with control fed groups, chocolate-supplemented animals had significantly higher plasma triacylglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids and leptin (for all, P<0.01), but not glucose or insu

Food safety of allergic patients in hospitals: implementation of a quality strategy to ensure correct management.

Food allergy could affect up to 8% of children. Four cases of food anaphylaxis in hospitalized children are reported, pointing to the need of food allergenic safety procedures in hospital settings. The implementation of the operating procedure in hospital food production units (HFPU) of Nancy University Hospital is described. The dietetics Department developed on hypoallergenic diet and specific avoidance diets. Dieticians within HFPU managed the choice of starting materials, the circuit organization in order to avoid any risk of contamination during preparation and cooking of food, product tr

Neural effects of cannabinoid CB1 neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin on food reward and aversion in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Disturbances in the regulation of reward and aversion in the brain may underlie disorders such as obesity and eating disorders. We previously showed that the cannabis receptor subtype (CB1) inverse agonist rimonabant, an antiobesity drug withdrawn due to depressogenic side effects, diminished neural reward responses yet increased aversive responses (Horder et al., 2010). Unlike rimonabant, tetrahydrocannabivarin is a neutral CB1 receptor antagonist (Pertwee, 2005) and may therefore produce different modulations of the neural reward system. We hypothesized that tetrahydrocannabivari

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems of mouse brain are modulated by LMN diet, rich in theobromine, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The possible modulatory effect of the functional LMN diet, rich in theobromine, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, affecting cognition decline during aging has been studied. 129S1/SvlmJ mice were fed for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days with either LMN or control diets. The enzymes involved in catecholaminergic and cholinergic metabolism were determined by both immunohistological and western blot analyses. Noradrenalin, dopamine and other metabolites were quantified by HPLC analysis. Theobromine, present in cocoa, the main LMN diet co

Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention.

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain,

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… Proanthocyanidins constitute 60% of the polyphenol content in cacao, the source of chocolate [ 235 ]. … At the highest but noncytotoxic concentration of cacao extract, VEGF expression was reduced more than twofold compared to controls. There is evidence that cacao consumption can affect human vasculature and health. …

Research progress on bleeding risk assessment models in anticoagulant therapy.

Balancing thromboembolic prevention against bleeding complications remains a critical challenge in anticoagulant therapy. While established bleeding risk assessment models (RAMs) such as HAS-BLED and HEMORR2HAGES were initially developed for warfarin-treated patients, their applicability to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) users and venous thromboembolism (VTE) populations remained uncertain. This review synthesized recent advancements in bleeding risk stratification for atrial fibrillation (AF) and VTE patients, focusing on model performance, drug-specific adaptations, and e

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… A large multicenter prospective cohort study (CACAO) followed 3,082 patients for one year and found that among six bleeding risk models, only HEMORR 2 HAGES showed moderate predictive ability for major bleeding (C-statistics 0.66 and 0.57) ( 21 ). … Gaboreau Y Frappe P Vermorel C Foote A Bosson JL Pernod G Oral anticoagulant safety in family practice: prognostic accuracy of bleeding risk scores (from the Cacao study) . Fam Pract . ( 2024 ) 41 ( 1 ): 9 – 17 . 10.1093/fampra/cmad121 38281089 22. …

Advances in the mechanism and therapies of achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia (ACH), is the prevailing type of genetic dwarfism in humans, caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) that are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. FGFR3 is mainly expressed in condensed mesenchyme, chondrocytes, and mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, in which it regulates the formation, development, growth, and remodeling of the skeletal system. Mutations in FGFR3 causing ACH result in enhanced FGFR3 signaling through combined mechanisms including enhancing FGF dimerization and tyrosine kinase activity and stabilizing FGF receptors. In ACH, supp

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… Martin et al conducted a study wherein they discovered that (−)-epicatechin, a phenolic compound derived from Theobroma cacao , obstructed the downstream pathways of FGFR3 effectively. … Theobroma cacao improves bone growth by modulating defective ciliogenesis in a mouse model of achondroplasia. Bone Res. 2022;10(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00177-7. 126. Vortkamp A., Lee K., Lanske B., Segre G.V., Kronenberg H.M., Tabin C.J. …

Glutathione Transferase P1-1 an Enzyme Useful in Biomedicine and as Biomarker in Clinical Practice and in Environmental Pollution.

Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is expressed in some human tissues and is abundant in mammalian erythrocytes (here termed e-GST). This enzyme is able to detoxify the cell from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds by using glutathione (GSH) or by acting as a ligandin. This review collects studies that propose GSTP1-1 as a useful biomarker in different fields of application. The most relevant studies are focused on GSTP1-1 as a biosensor to detect blood toxicity in patients affected by kidney diseases. In fact, this detoxifying enzyme is over-expressed in erythrocytes when unusual amo

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… Cacao J.C. Piteri R.C. Dantas R.T. Godoy M.F. Godoy M.R. Tognola W.A. Conforti-Froes N.D. Souza D. Glutathione S-transferase variants increase susceptibility for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: Association study and relationship with apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele Clin. Chem. Lab. …

Отбор соев в Кении подкрепляется моделями многотраля и генотипного взаимодействия между окружающей средой.

Растущий глобальный спрос на соевые белки ведет к расширению культивирования в новые сельскохозяйственные границы. Кения продвигается вперед в разработке генотипов сои для выявления тех, которые лучше всего приспособлены к ее различным агроэкологическим условиям. Однако выбор генотипов с более высокими агрономическими характеристиками и высокой стабильностью остается ограниченным. В этом исследовании была проведена количественная оценка масштабов взаимодействия генотипа с окружающей средой (G×E) и отдельных генотипов с наилучшими показателями и стабильностью на основе многопутного подхода. Все

Structured missingness in biomedical research.

Antipathogen defense; b-caryophyllene; vector-virus mutualism Plants respond to insect herbivory by producing and releasing distinctive blen … ions against the use of b-caryophyllene to develop kairomone-based insect lures, as it attracts the cacao mirid bug Helopeltis bakeri (Tavera et al. 2023). However, b-caryophyllene is a highly pleiotropic ecological signal; as a terpene negatively impacting pests such as Spodoptera litura (Mahajan et al. 2022) and Myzus persicae (Chohan et al. 2023); as …

Resveratrol: Molecular Mechanisms, Health Benefits, and Potential Adverse Effects.

Resveratrol (RES), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has garnered significant attention due to its diverse biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiaging properties. This review synthesizes current evidence concerning the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profile of RES across a variety of pathologies, with an emphasis on the latest research conducted in recent years. Mechanistically, RES is known to modulate critical signaling pathways such as the activation of sirtuin 1. These actions collectively contribute to the attenuati

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… RES is found in over seventy plant species, with notable sources including grapes, peanuts, cacao, and various Vaccinium species. Among these, grape‐derived products, particularly red wine, are the primary dietary contributors to RES intake [ 7 ]. …

Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways.

Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling

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… Proanthocyanidins confer astringency and bitterness and are regularly found in natural sources such as the fruits/seeds/peels of Vitus vinifera , Punica granatum , and Theobroma cacao , the leaves of Fructus crataegi and Eucalyptus spp., the flowers of Rosa rugosa and Nymphaea tetragona , and the roots …

Influence of the Mediterranean Diet on Healthy Aging.

The life expectancy of the global population has increased. Aging is a natural physiological process that poses major challenges in an increasingly long-lived and frail population. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in aging. Likewise, the gut microbiota, which is influenced by environmental factors such as diet, plays a crucial role in the modulation of these mechanisms. The Mediterranean diet, as well as the components present in it, offer some proof of this. Achieving healthy aging should be focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits that reduce the development of pathologi

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… Mediterranean Diet: The Role of Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids in Fish; Polyphenols in Fruits, Vegetables, Cereals, Coffee, Tea, Cacao and Wine; Probiotics and Vitamins in Prevention of Stroke, Age-Related Cognitive Decline, and Alzheimer Disease. Rev. …