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Medical comorbidities and lower myelin content are associated with poor cognition in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV.

OBJECTIVE: Approximately 40% of adults living with HIV experience cognitive deficits. Little is known about the risk factors for cognitive i … y be vulnerable to the legacy effect of untreated HIV in infancy. Myelin content may be a marker of cognitive reserve in YApHIV.

Discrepancy Between Cognitive Test and Brain Imaging Results in Alzheimer's Disease Associated with Diabetes.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although a large number of studies have been performed on the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 … The cognitive-imaging discrepancy observed in AD patients with DM may be associated with their low cognitive reserve, possibly caused by their low amount of leisure activities. Our findings suggest that lifestyle interventions, including physical, cognitive, and social activities, may reduce cognitive decline in AD patients with DM.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

OBJECTIVE: To study longitudinal relationships between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cortical thickness, and cognitive function in older … scular disease burden, T2DM contributes to cognitive decline via neurodegeneration. Prior brain and cognitive reserve may protect against this effect.

Residual decline in cognition after adjustment for common neuropathologic conditions.

OBJECTIVE: Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions are common in old age and are associated with cognitive decline. However, considerable heterogeneity remains in residual decline (i.e., person-specific trajectories of cognitive decline adjusted for these common neuropathologic conditions). The present study aimed to characterize profiles of residual decline in late life cognition. METHOD: Up to 19 waves of longitudinal cognitive data were collected from 876 autopsied participants from 2 ongoing clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging. Uniform neuropathologic examinations quantif

Regaining control of your emotions? Investigating the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training for remitted depressed patients.

Studies suggest that cognitive control training shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. At the same time, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training. Informed by theoretical frameworks of cognitive risk for recurrent depression (De Raedt & Koster, 2010; Siegle et al., 2007), the current study sought to model direct effects of cognitive control training on the complex interplay between affect, emotion regulation, residual symptomatology, and resilience in a sample of remitted depressed patients (n = 92). Combining a 4-week expe

Sleep apnoea and the brain: a complex relationship.

Intermittent hypoxia, reoxygenation, and hypercapnia or hypocapnia occur in both adults and children during untreated apnoea and hypopnoea, … emotional performance depends on the stage of this dynamic process, effects on other body systems, cognitive reserve, and idiosyncratic susceptibility. We also explore the contribution of fragmented sleep, and the disruption of sleep structure, with focus on the effect at different times in the development of disease. This Review will address the gap in the underl …

Amyloid deposition and cognition in older adults: the effects of premorbid intellect.

Although amyloid deposition remains a marker of the development of Alzheimer's disease, results linking amyloid and cognition have been equi … greatest with delayed memory and stronger when premorbid intellect was considered, suggesting that cognitive reserve partly compensates for the symptomatic expression of amyloid pathology in community-dwelling elderly.

A network approach to subjective cognitive decline: Exploring multivariate relationships in neuropsychological test performance across Alzheimer's disease risk states.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by subjective concerns of cognitive change despite test performance within normal range. … tween age and general cognitive status as clinical impairment increases, and potential evidence for cognitive reserve. Together, these results provide evidence that network-specific metrics are sensitive to cognitive performance changes across the dementia risk spectrum and can help to objectively distinguish SCD group cognitive performance from that of the CN grou …

Acting Before; A Combined Strategy to Counteract the Onset and Progression of Dementia.

Brain aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are posing a significant challenge for health systems worldwide. To date, most of the therapeutic efforts aimed at counteracting dementiarelated behavioral and cognitive impairment have been focused on addressing putative determinants of the disease, such as β-amyloid or tau. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring or promoting the synaptic plasticity of the aging brain. The review will explore and discuss the most recent molecular, structural/functional, and behavioral

The potential for synergistic effect of non-invasive brain stimulation and cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and cognitive outcomes in major depressive disorder: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a debilitating psychiatric disorder and a well-established modifiable risk factor for dementia. Beyond affective s … BT, as no identified rTMS-CBT studies formally assessed cognitive endpoints.. Age, sex, gender, and cognitive reserve were underreported as moderating factors. CONCLUSIONS: Combined NIBS and CBT interventions may augment the treatment of affective symptoms. Future research should (1) standardize cognitive assessments, (2) include broader age cohorts to capture pre …

Preoperative Anesthesia Assessment in Elderly Patients: Challenges and Opportunities for Safer Perioperative Care.

As the global population ages, older adults represent an increasing proportion of surgical patients. This demographic presents unique characteristics that increase their risk for postoperative complications, including delirium, functional decline, and mortality. Frailty has emerged as a key predictor of adverse outcomes, reflecting diminished functional and physiological reserves. Cognitive impairment, particularly when combined with frailty (cognitive frailty), further increases the risk, yet routine preoperative screening remains uncommon. This review examines the limitations of traditional

Effects of education on cognition at older ages: evidence from China's Great Famine.

This paper explores whether educational attainment has a cognitive reserve capacity in elder life. Using pilot data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we examined the impact of education on cognitive abilities at old ages. OLS results showed that respondents who completed primary school obtained 18.2 percent higher scores on cognitive tests than those who did not. We then constructed an instrumental variable (IV) by leveraging China's Great Famine of 1959-1961 as a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of education on cognition. Two-stage least squares…

Psychometric properties of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (SHARE-HCAP).

OBJECTIVE: Standardized cross-national assessments of cognitive functioning remain scarce despite dementia being a major global health concern. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol, a newly developed cognitive assessment instrument for Europe. Sample included 2,685 adults aged 65+ from the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, and Italy. METHOD: Confirmatory factor analyses tested unidimensional models for five cognitive domains-memory, executive functioning, visuospatial skills, l

Rural-Urban Disparities in the Cognitive Returns to Education Among Chinese Older Adults: A Longitudinal, Causal Robustness, and Mechanism Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Educational attainment is a key protective factor against late-life cognitive decline, yet whether its cognitive returns are hei … dent spatial and economic resource substitution, with ~ 95% of the interaction operating via direct cognitive reserve building rather than measurable behavioral or social pathways. CONCLUSION: Educational attainment yields stronger cognitive protective returns in rural contexts, lending empirical support to the resource substitution hypothesis. However, the sensit …

Does cognitive function affect functional capacity and perceived fatigue severity after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease?

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Successful execution of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, an important branch of physiotherapy in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), depends on adequate cognitive abilities. It has been identified that coronary microvascular dysfunction, marked by reduced coronary flow reserve, is associated with impaired cerebral blood flow, affecting haemodynamic and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive function influences functional capacity and differences in fatigue perception in CAD patients. METHODS: Fifty CAD patients,

Atypical Structural Connectome Organization and Cognitive Impairment in Young Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk for cognitive impairments that disrupt everyday functioning … nial radiation. Efficiency of local information processing, reorganization of hub connectivity, and cognitive reserve may contribute to cognitive outcome in these children. Certain connectome properties showed U-shaped relationships with cognitive impairment suggesting an optimal range of regional connectivity.

Uncontrolled experiments: Treatment of contamination OCD during a pandemic.

Patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder are vulnerable to exacerbation of symptoms related to contamination and illness during the current pandemic. A cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy group for adolescent females with obsessive-compulsive disorder made effective adaptations to promote resilience to stressors and social isolation during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Frailty in early Alzheimer's disease: Complementary clinical value and prognostic significance in biomarker-defined mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.

Frailty, reflecting diminished physiological reserve, may influence how Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology manifests. This study evaluated the prognostic relevance of frailty in mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD). 50 patients underwent frailty assessment using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), with multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) recorded. Participants (median age 74 years; 76% women) exhibited low frailty (median CFS 3). Higher CFS scores correlated with lower baseline MMSE and faster annual decline. In adjusted analyses, CFS indepen

Innovative programs for improvement in reading through cognitive enhancement: a remediation study of Canadian First Nations children.

Forty-five Grade 3 students from a reservation school in Western Canada were divided into two remedial groups and a no-risk control group. One remedial group was given a classroom-administered cognitive enhancement program (COGENT) throughout the school year. The second group received COGENT for the first half of the year followed by a pull-out cognitive-based reading enhancement program (PREP). Children were assessed across phonological awareness, rapid naming, reading, and cognitive ability at the beginning of the year, mid-term, and at the end of the school year. MANOVA results showed a sig

Когнитивное расстройство, настроение и усталость в различных подтипах склероза: a one- последующее исследование.

Множественные подтипы склероза (MS) - релапсирующие реактивные (RRMS), вторичные прогрессивные (SPMS) и первичные (PPMS) - были связаны с различными профилями когнитивных нарушений с прогрессивными подтипами, в отличие от RRMS, с указанием дополнительных дефицитов в более широко распространенных областях. Исследования были в основном сосредоточены на РУМС, в результате чего СМПС и СМПС были недооценены из-за их более низкой распространенности и ограниченной лечебной направленности. Данные о взаимозависимости между когнитивным расстройством, настроением и усталостью с течением времени также нед

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes-relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and primary-progressive (PPMS) - have … tients showed selective gains in one domain, SPMS showed no significant changes, indicating reduced cognitive reserve. These between-group differences suggest different cognitive trajectories. The findings underscore the need for tailored, holistic interventions for different MS subtypes.