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Cell-mediated immunity in canine marrow graft recipients given cyclophosphamide.

The cellular immune status of 48 canine chimeras was studied between 15 days and 3 years after a lethal dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) and an allogeneic marrow graft. Marrow graft recipients were given no further immuno-suppressive treatment. Recovery of total white blood cell counts was complete by day 20 after grafting. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts did not reach the normal range until day 100. Short-term chimeras (less than 100 days postgrafting) showed marked impairment of cell-mediated immunity as indicated by the inability to respond adequately to nonspecific mitogenic (PHA, ConA, PW…

Sequence matters: Total body irradiation (TBI)-based myeloablative conditioning with post-transplant cyclophosphamide may reduce the early nonrelapse mortality compared with pretransplant cyclophosphamide plus TBI.

OBJECTIVES: High-dose total body irradiation (TBI) is considered a cornerstone of myeloablative conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). We retrospectively compared the main outcomes of an HLA matched or 1-allele mismatched related or unrelated allo-SCT in adult patients affected by acute leukemia (AL) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: Fifty-nine patients received cyclophosphamide (Cy)-TBI (13.5 Gy) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with a calcineurin-inhibitor plus methrotrexate (CyTBI group) and 28 patients received fludarabine-TBI (8.8-13.…

Comparison of outcome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with cyclophosphamide-total body irradiation versus busulphan-cyclophosphamide conditioning regimens for acute myelogenous leukaemia in first remission.

We evaluated transplant-related mortality (TRM), leukaemia relapse, leukaemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving busulphan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy) or cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (CyTBI) prior to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) in first remission. Outcomes of 381 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling transplants using BuCy were compared with 200 transplants using CyTBI performed between 1988 and 1996. The incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease was higher with BuCy (13%) than with…

Multi-drug combination therapy with vincristine-melphalan-cyclophosphamide-prednisolone was more effective than cyclophosphamide-prednisolone in stage III myeloma. The Nagoya Myeloma Cooperative Study Group.

A cooperative randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of multi-drug combination chemotherapy (VMCP), vincristine-melphalan-cyclophosphamide-prednisolone) with CP (cyclophosphamide-prednisolone) for the treatment of multiple myeloma was performed. When the whole group of patients was evaluated, the choice of chemotherapy (VMCP or CP) was not a significant prognostic factor associated with response or survival by uni- or multivariate analysis, and the difference between the survival curves of the treatment groups was only marginally significant. However, when the analysis was conf…

Impact of Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide on the Prognostic Value of HCT-CI.

The hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index (HCT-CI) is a validated prognostic tool for baseline assessment in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The impact of the individual components of the HCT-CI on prognosis remains unknown for patients undergoing post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) based graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Data were collected and validated from patients undergoing HCT for myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia at our center between 2018 and 2022. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify an optimized subset…

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Porcupine Bezoar on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Rats.

Background/Objectives: Immunosuppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CTX) and significantly increases the risk of infection in patients. Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) bezoar (PB), a traditional medicine derived from the Hystrix brachyura species of porcupine, is renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its immunomodulatory potential has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the protective effects of PB against CTX-induced immunosuppression and the underlying mechanisms in a …

Genetic landscape and therapeutic evolution of cyclophosphamide: spotlight on breast cancer.

Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in breast cancer management. As a prodrug, its therapeutic efficacy and toxicity are profoundly influenced by host genetic variations that govern its metabolism, detoxification, DNA repair, and cellular transport mechanisms. This review examines pharmacogenomic landscape of cyclophosphamide in breast cancer, with focus on key genes and polymorphisms. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify genetic variants affecting cyclophosphamide metabolism (CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19), detoxification (ALDH1A1, GST…

Detection of cyclophosphamide residues on community pharmacy counters: An exploratory survey.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate cyclophosphamide contamination in community pharmacies, investigate patient-mediated transfer and indirect risks to the public, and examine the association between the use of hospital closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) and this contamination.MethodsWipe samples from patient counselling counters at 24 community pharmacies near 10 hospitals were analysed for cyclophosphamide contamination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess CSTD use and cleaning practices.ResultsContamination was detected in 5/24 …

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of Different Compounds on Cyclophosphamide-induced Nephrotoxicity.

Cyclophosphamide is a drug derived from nitrogenous mustards and is mainly indicated for the anti-neoplastic clinic. When it is metabolized in the liver, it produces acrolein, a cytotoxic metabolite capable of generating damage to the body. The oxidative, nitrative and nitrosative stress are responsible for mediating this side effect since the toxicity of the drug induces the production of reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS). These radicals are unstable and react with other molecules that can result in cellular lesions such as lipid peroxidation, enzymatic inactivation, and exc…

Life-Threatening Haemorrhagic Enterocolitis: A Rare Complication of Chemotherapy With Cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a commonly used alkylating agent with its use extending from chemotherapy to immunosuppression. Herein, we present a case of a 61-year-old lady diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome one year ago, who recently started on CPA therapy and presented to ICU with the sudden onset of bloody diarrhoea and shock, requiring fluid resuscitation and vasopressor support. An extensive evaluation, including stool routine analysis, cultures, stool BioFire® FilmArray® (gastrointestinal panel) (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, USA), contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the abdomen, colo…

Acute Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Cardiomyopathy That Improved With Glucocorticoids and Cyclophosphamide.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of 7 to 39% and is associated with increased mortality. Despite this, little evidence informs SSc cardiomyopathy treatment. CASE SUMMARY: We present a patient with diffuse cutaneous SSc with acute heart failure. Extensive workup supported a diagnosis of SSc myopericarditis, although endomyocardial biopsies were unrevealing. She received intravenous cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids and achieved significant and prolonged recovery. DISCUSSION: Our patient presented with systolic dysfunction as opposed to diastolic dysfunct…

Пациент с вариантом множественного склероза Марбурга хорошо отреагировал на циклофосфамид.

Болезнь Марбурга — это фатальный вариант множественного склероза (MS), отличающийся своим активным, быстро прогрессирующим монофазным курсом, который часто приводит к смертности пациентов в течение нескольких недель с момента начала болезни. Из-за его редкости не существует каких-либо руководящих принципов лечения. Мы представляем 34-летнего мужчину, которому был поставлен диагноз MS, и магнитно-резонансная съемка выявила множество сверх- и инфантентных белой материи. Пульсовая стероидная терапия, иммуноглобулин внутривенно и плазменный обмен были неэффективными. После исключения других диффер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Marburg's disease is a fatal variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), distinguished by its fulminant, rapidly progressive monophasic course that … After excluding other differential diagnoses, Marburg's variant MS was considered, and intravenous cyclophosphamide with methylprednisolone was administered. The patient showed significant and fast clinical improvement adding to the evidence that cyclophosphamide is an effective therapeutic modality for treating this MS variant.

Urotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide: A Comparison Across Neoplastic, Autoimmune, and Transplant Indications.

We conducted a large-scale disproportionality analysis of the urotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CYC) and the related drug ifosfamide (IFO) using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, with data ranging from Q4 2012 to Q2 2024. We compared the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of various urotoxicity manifestations of CYC and IFO across patient populations being treated for antineoplastic, immunosuppressive, and transplantation indications. When a wide range of urotoxicity manifestations was aggregated, we found that transplant patients had an increased rela…

The hepatoprotective effects of sitagliptin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.

Hepatotoxicity is a serious side effects of cyclophosphamide. Thus, the present research investigates the protective properties of sitagliptin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five groups. They were pre-treated with either sitagliptin or normal saline once a day for the first ten days of the study. To induce acute hepatotoxicity, cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p) was injected only one time and 45 min after the last dose of sitagliptin. The rats were sacrificed on the 11th day, and their blood and liver were collected for biochemical, g…

Ginger's Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Effects on Ovaries of Cyclophosphamide-therapied Rats.

BACKGROUND: In the recent decade, there has been increasing interest in preventing ovarian toxicity after chemotherapy exposure. It has been documented that ginger (Zingiber officinale) might normalize the hormonal balance and control the menstrual cycle.. OBJECTIVE: This study has analyzed whether ginger extract protects against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced ovarian failure in rats. METHODS: Rats were distributed into four groups consisting of vehicle, CP, ginger, and CP + ginger. At the end of the treatment, all rats were killed under anesthesia to obtain ovarian tissues and blood samples …

Efficacy of letermovir in HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus reactivation (CMV-R) is a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT), especially in human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical transplantation (haplo-HCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Prophylactic letermovir (LTV) prevents CMV-R in patients undergoing allo-HCT. However, evidence regarding its use in haplo-HCTs with PTCy is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic LTV in haplo-HCT with PTCy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 52 patients seropositive for CMV who underwent ha…

Opportunistic pneumonia caused by E. cuniculi in mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide.

Opportunistic fungal pneumonia is a cause of concern in immunocompromised patients due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. One such opportunistic agent affecting immunocompromised patients is the microsporidia called Encephalitozoon cuniculi. This study aimed to evaluate pneumonia caused by E. cuniculi in mice treated with the immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide (Cy). This study also aimed to describe the immune cells associated with the microsporidial pneumonia. C57BL/6 mice were infected intravenously with E. cuniculi spores and treated with Cy (75 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneally).…