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Characterizing progenitor cells in developing and injured spinal cord: Insights from single-nucleus transcriptomics and lineage tracing.

Various mature tissue-resident cells exhibit progenitor characteristics following injury. However, the existence of endogenous stem cells with multiple lineage potentials in the adult spinal cord remains a compelling area of research. In this study, we present a cross-species investigation that extends from development to injury. We used single-nucleus transcriptomic sequencing and genetic lineage tracing to characterize neural cells in the spinal cord. Our findings show that ciliated ependymal cells lose neural progenitor gene signatures and proliferation ability following the differentiation…

Lineage trajectories and fate determinants of postnatal neural stem cells and ependymal cells in the developing ventricular zone.

The ventricular zone (VZ) harbors the largest neurogenic niche in the adult mammalian brain and is consisted of neural stem cells (NSCs) and multiciliated ependymal cells (EPCs). Previous lineage tracing studies showed that both NSCs and EPCs were derived from radial glial cells (RGCs). However, the transcriptomic dynamics and the molecular mechanisms guiding the cell fate commitment during the differentiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the developing VZ of mice at single-cell resolution and identified three distinct cellular states of RGCs: bipotent glial progenitor …

Diagnostic dilemma: Papillary third ventricular neoplasm with concurrent choroid plexus and ependymal features in a cat.

A 6-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat with progressive neurologic signs underwent magnetic resonance imaging, revealing a sup … embrane. In this cat, the neuroanatomic location with ventral brain invasion was more suggestive of ependymal origin; however, there were overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features, and ultrastructural features were more consistent with choroid plexus epithelium. Dual ependymal and choroid plexus differentiation could not be excluded. This cas …

Symptomatic infratentorial ependymal cyst arising from the medulla: a case report with review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Ependymal cysts (EC) typically present supra-tentorially near the lateral ventricle, juxta ventricular, or temporoparietal regions. Previous cases have also identified infratentorial EC of the brainstem, cerebellum, and subarachnoid spaces. They are mostly asymptomatic. In this paper, we present the first-ever case of a symptomatic medullary ependymal cyst treated with surgery, along with a comprehensive review of the literature on EC of other parts of the brain stem. CASE DESCRIPTION: This 51-year-old female presented with hearing loss, dizziness, diplopia, and ataxia. Radiograph…

Deletion of the Parkin co-regulated gene causes defects in ependymal ciliary motility and hydrocephalus in the quakingviable mutant mouse.

The quakingviable mouse (qkv) is a spontaneous recessive mouse mutant with a deletion of approximately 1.1 Mb in the proximal region of chro … qkv mutant mice were affected by acquired, communicating hydrocephalus (HC). Structural analysis of ependymal cilia demonstrated that the 9 + 2 arrangement of axonemal microtubules was intact and that both the density of ciliated cells and cilia length was similar to wild-type littermates. Cilia function studies showed a reduction in ependymal cilial beat …

Mesencephalic ependymal cysts: treatment under pure endoscopic or endoscope-assisted keyhole conditions.

OBJECT: Primary intracranial ependymal cysts are extremely rare. Similar to congenital intraparenchymal cysts in the mesencephalon they usually occur with symptoms of an occlusive hydrocephalus or symptoms like Parinaud syndrome, dizziness, or gait disturbance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical methods for the treatment of these cysts and the clinical outcome of the patients. METHODS: The authors present the clinical records of 8 patients who were treated in their department for symptomatic mesencephalic ependymal cysts in the past 10 years. The patient age ranged from …

Subependymal periventricular heterotopias in a patient with ehlers-danlos syndrome: a new case.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a complex hereditary connective tissue disorder that is characterized by abnormalities of the skin and joints and visceral and neurological manifestations. At present, at least 11 forms are recognized on the basis of their clinical characteristics, methods of transmission, and biochemical defect. The neurologic manifestations include cerebrovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, plexopathy, periventricular subependymal heterotopias, and epilepsy. Previously, 2 females were reported to be affected with subependimal periventricular heterotopias and Ehlers-Danlos syndr…

Gelastic seizure with tectal tumor, lobar holoprosencephaly, and subependymal nodules: clinical report.

Gelastic seizures are characterized by inappropriate, stereotyped laughter and are often first recognized when other epileptic manifestations occur. They are frequently associated with hypothalamic hamartomas. Central nervous system developmental abnormalities are rarely reported with gelastic seizures. There is only one case report of gelastic seizure caused by holoprosencephaly. We report a 2-year-old girl with multiple brain structural abnormalities including tectal tumor (possibly hamartoma), multiple subependymal nodules, and holoprosencephaly. She developed seizures during the newborn pe…

Interaction between Trypanosoma brucei and the ependymal cell of the choroid plexus.

The fine structure of the normal choroid plexus of rats and mice and of those infected with Trypanosoma brucei was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy: extracellular trypomastigotes in the perivascular stroma predominate but the evidence presented suggests that they are derived both from stages in the blood and from others undergoing division within ependymal cells, a process which results in destruction of a large proportion of ependymal cells in the parts of choroid plexus affected. The choroid plexus maintains its integrity by regeneration of an outer layer of ependyma…

[Periventricular fatty metamorphosis in neuroglia--a morphologic substrate in SIDS].

In 7 of 15 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), distinct periventricular fatty metamorphosis of the neuroglia could be demonstrated by a histological staining technique. None of the six children (under 1 year of age) used as a control group whose cause of death was not SIDS showed this morphological change. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids accumulated in the glial cells in SIDS established a high amount of esterified cholesterol whereas the content of esterified cholesterol in the control group was low. We presume that fatty metamorphosis of the neuroglia represents t

Posterior fossa ependymal cyst and atlantoaxial subluxation in a patient with Down syndrome: CT findings.

A 61-year-old woman with Down syndrome presented with progressive deterioration of gait over 9 months. Cranial CT without and with intraveno … thought not to be clinically significant, but which might require a spinal fusion at a future time. Ependymal cells were found as a result of a biopsy of the cyst wall.

[The mode of action of neurohormones on the central nervous system (author's transl)].

We tried to understand how hypophysiotropic polypeptides could be carried into some areas of the central nervous system. Granulations of neurosecretion in the ependymal cells and the presence of releasing hormones in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggest that CSF may transport these substances between the hypothalamus and other areas in the brain. Direct connections between the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain through secreting neurons are not necessary, the CSF transmitting to the cerebral hemispheres the hypothalamic polypeptides by the ventricles at the infundibulum.

Дефекты цереброспинальной жидкости, приводимые в движение эпендимальной мотиловой килии, связаны с множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) — расстройство CNS, в котором автоматически реактивные иммунные клетки мигрируют через поврежденный мозговый барьер, приводящий к повреждениям мозга. Помимо основных повреждений, существуют также диффузные "поверхностные" градиенты патологии в MS, где повреждения являются наиболее серьезными непосредственно рядом с контактными поверхностями CSF, такими как подпиальные и перивентные зоны. Это наблюдение свидетельствует о том, что наличие и/или эволюция градиентов поверхностных частиц способствуют воздействию токсичных факторов в рамках РСФ. Прямое отделение CSF от пер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the CNS in which autoreactive immune cells migrate through a damaged blood-brain barrier, resulting … lution of surface-in gradients. Directly separating the CSF from the periventricular parenchyma are ependymal cells-a glial epithelium-that are equipped with tufts of motile cilia, which are critical for circulating CSF solutes and regulating local fluid flow. While damage to ependymal cilia has the potential to drastically modify CSF homeostasis and thus …

Free-water diffusion tensor imaging detects occult periependymal abnormality in the AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

To compare free-water corrected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in the normal-appearing periependymal area between AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD and multiple sclerosis (MS) to investigate occult pathophysiology. This prospective study included 44 patients (mean age, 39.52 ± 11.90 years; 14 men) with AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD (n = 20) and MS (n = 24) who underwent DTI between April 2014 and April 2020. Based on free-water corrected DTI measures obtained from normal-appearing periependymal voxels of (1) lateral ventricles and (2) the 3rd and 4th ventricles as dependent variables, MANCOVA…

Ependymal cells variations in the central canal of the rat spinal cord filum terminale: an ultrastructural investigation.

OBJECTIVE: The ependymal cells, considered today as an active participant in neuroendocrine functions, were investigated by electron microscopy in the central canal of the lowest spinal cord, the filum terminale (FT), in adult rats. In this area of the spinal cord, the central canal is covered by a heterogeneous population of ependymal cells. The aim of the present work was to compare the regional features of the ependymal cells in two different parts of the FT with a special regard to their ultrastructure. METHODS: Two parts of the FT were selected for the ultrastructural observations: the r…

Ependymal cyst with hemorrhage in the cerebellopontine angle.

Ependymal cysts are rare intracranial neoplasms. These lesions occur in the cerebral parenchyma, subarachnoid space, and juxtaventricular, intraspinal, and intramedullary regions. They occur extremely rarely in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). There are no prior reports of CPA ependymal cyst with hemorrhage. We report a 79-year-old woman who experienced sudden onset of dizziness and vomiting. A CT scan and MRI revealed a cystic lesion with internal hemorrhage in the left CPA. Surgical resection via a left retrosigmoid approach was performed. Pathological examination revealed that the lesion w…

To beat or not to beat: roles of cilia in development and disease.

Cilia and flagella appeared very early in evolution to provide unicellular organisms with motility in water. Adaptation to non-aquatic life in plants resulted in the almost complete elimination of these organelles, except for gametic transport in some phylogenetic groups. In contrast, cilia and flagella were retained and employed for a wide variety of functions requiring fluid movement in complex multicellular animals. The functions of cilia in diverse processes such as left-right axis pattern formation, cerebrospinal fluid flow, sensory reception, mucociliary clearance and renal physiology in

Role of disturbance of ependymal ciliary movement in development of hydrocephalus in rats.

We have developed a new in vitro method of quantitatively analyzing ciliary movement in the ependymal wall of the aqueduct in rats. An axial slice of the midbrain containing ependymal wall was placed in a culture dish filled with a culture medium containing latex beads 1 micron in diameter at a concentration of 10(7) beads/ml. The movement of the beads caused by flow of culture medium generated by the to-and-fro ciliary movement was recorded by a high speed video system attached to an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Ciliary movement was expressed by the speed of the latex beads (micron/s).…

Anterior lateral ventricular subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Microsurgical aspects of two cases.

The surgical management of two cases of lateral ventricular subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, arising in the head of the Caudate nucleus, and causing hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the foramen of Monro is described. One lesion, in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, was resected using a transcallosal approach and the other, in a patient with no stigmata of tuberous sclerosis, using a frontal, trans-cortical transcystoventricular approach. The microsurgical aspects of excision and pathological anatomy of both tumours were very similar. Following tumour excision and pellucidotomy both pat…