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Biomarkers in the evolution of multiple sclerosis.

Nonimaging biomarkers can be applied in differential diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and therapy monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). Presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid is a diagnostic element and a negative predictor of MS evolution. AQP4 antibodies are pathogenic and diagnostic for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein develop in about 50% of predominantly pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, but their possible role in pathogenesis is unknown. Currently, there are no individualiz…

Activation of necroptosis in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a common neurodegenerative disease of the CNS, is characterized by the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in MS, can activate necroptosis, a necrotic cell death pathway regulated by RIPK1 and RIPK3 under caspase-8-deficient conditions. Here, we demonstrate defective caspase-8 activation, as well as activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, the hallmark mediators of necroptosis, in the cortical lesions of human MS pathological samples. Furthermore, we show that MS pathological samples are charac…

Impact of the environment on multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis. This article presents current knowledge on the impact of the environment on disease risk and disease course. METHOD: We have conducted searches in PubMed for «multiple sclerosis» combined with «environment» as well as relevant environmental factors. RESULTS: It is highly likely that an interaction between genetic and environmental factors determines who will develop multiple sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus infection, smoking, and low vitamin D levels are the …

[Plasmablast in the pathology of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease targeting oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system and involves heterogeneous pathology that yields considerable nonresponders to the first line therapy interferon (IFN)-β. However, determinants for this clinical efficacy have not been elucidated. Interestingly, an MS-like autoimmune disease neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is exclusively resistant to this therapy and mediated by IL-6-dependnet PBs via producing a disease-specific autoantibody against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) on astrocyte. Therefore, we assumed that IFN-β-nonresponsive patients with MS…

Role of Chlamydia in Multiple Sclerosis.

Chlamydia and antibodies to them were detected by serological, molecular biological, and culture methods in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and in the reference groups of subjects without neurological diseases. Correlations between the agent presence in the biological fluids of patients and clinical characteristics of the disease were analyzed. C. pneumoniae were more incident in the biological liquids of patients with multiple sclerosis than in healthy volunteers. On the other hand, the incidence of the agent in the patients was not high and its presence d…

The astrocyte in multiple sclerosis revisited.

Among the constituent cell types of the multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque, the astrocyte has been the least considered as a player in the pathogenesis of the lesion. Traditionally, it has been assigned a secondary scarring role with little or no role in lesion formation or repair. However, the recent upsurge of interest in the demyelinating condition neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has resulted in NMO being identified as the first disease of myelin in which primary damage to astrocytes, resulting from a humoral immune response that forms against the water channel aquaporin-4, has been documented. This…

Role of pathogens in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetic and environmental factors play a role. Infectious pathogens are the likely environmental factors involved in the development of MS. Pathogens associated with the development or exacerbation of MS include bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, the Staphylococcus aureus-produced enterotoxins that function as superantigens, viruses of the herpes virus (Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6) and human endoge…

Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

BackgroundFatigue is reported to occur in up to 92% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been described as the most debilitating of all MS symptoms by 28% to 40% of MS patients.ObjectivesTo assess whether carnitine (enteral or intravenous) supplementation can improve the quality of life and reduce the symptoms of fatigue in patients with MS-related fatigue and to identify any adverse effects of carnitine when used for this purpose.Search methodsA literature search was performed using Cochrane MS Group Trials Register (09 September 2011), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Tria…

Железо и нейродегенерация в множестве склерозов

Увеличение осаждения железа может быть связано с множественным склерозом (МС). Недавнее развитие МРТ позволило количественно определить уровни мозгового железа, что повысило интерес к изучению роли железа в MS. Данные об аномальном гомеостазе железа в MS также получены в результате анализа белков железа и железа в CSF, а также крови и послесмертных сеток мозга MS. Однако пока не ясно, связано ли накопление железа с патологией MS или просто отражает эпифеноменон. Дополнительный интерес вызвала идея хронической цереброспиновой недостаточности, которая может быть связана с накоплением мозгового ж

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Increased iron deposition might be implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent development of MRI enabled to determine brain iron levels in a quantitative manner, which has put more interest on studying the role of iron in MS. Evidence for abnormal iron homeostasis in MS comes also from analyses of iron and iron-related proteins in CSF and blood and postmo…

Vision and driving in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between measures of visual dysfunction and driving performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Between-group comparison. SETTING: All data were collected in an outpatient research setting. PARTICIPANTS: Persons (N=66) with MS of the relapsing remitting type (26 self-reporting visual difficulties; 40 self-reporting no visual difficulties) and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of vision included visual acuity, depth perception, and color perception. Driving was meas…

[Parenthood in aspect of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system disease. It is mainly characterized by passing neurological disorders at first which alter into permanent symptoms. The most frequent are tiredness, sensation disturbance and limbs, face, body becoming numb. Pregnancy doubtfully influence MS, but the most important question is about treatment during pregnancy. Should we carry pregnancy during immunomodular treatment? But crucial aspect is if a newborn baby will be healthy. To make attempt into discussion about the subject of SM and pregnancy we should perform a test how many sick people get marrie…

A case of neurofibromatosis and multiple sclerosis.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also called von Recklinghausen disease or peripheral NF, is a common autosomal-dominant neurocutaneous disorder associated with mutations of the NF 1 gene. The pathogenesis is poorly understood and the disease is characterized by cafè-au-lait spots, neurofibromatous tumors of the skin, Lisch nodules of the iris and many pleiotropic manifestations. The gene responsible for the disorder has been isolated on chromosome 17q11.2. The association of multiple sclerosis with NF is rarely reported in literature. We describe a patient with NF1, who subsequently developed relap…

[Effectiveness of rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis].

UNLABELLED: Multiple sclerosis is progressing demielinization syndrome of central nervous system. Changes in CNS correlated with clinical symptoms of neurological deficiency with different progress (according to kind of clinical type). Often lead to disability. Etiology of MS wasn't competently known till now. It wasn't worked completely effective treatment of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of rehabilitation in MS. It was done by using three scales: functional estimation--ADL scale, muscle strength--Lovett scale and estimation of disability by EDSS. MATE…

The concept of fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), and it can have a major impact on health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative that healthcare practitioners regularly assess fatigue in their patients with MS. Fatigue can be caused either by the disease process (primary fatigue) or by other problems such as insomnia, infections, or depression (secondary fatigue). Because the causes of secondary fatigue are generally amenable to treatment, it is important that healthcare practitioners distinguish between the two types of fatigue when assessing and treating f…

The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young people. Most CNS lesions involve neuroanatomically non-eloquent zones that often do not result in symptomatic complaints. By contrast, tissue-injury mechanisms involving inflammatory demyelination can involve more eloquent sites, such as the optic nerve and brainstem, which can correspondingly produce the development of well recognised syndromes such as optic neuritis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia, respectively. In this review we discuss the broad landscape of abnormalities that affect the afferent visual sys…

[Modafinil and fatigue in multiple sclerosis].

Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This symptom's etiopathogenic mechanism, though not known, seems complex and multifactorial, and its therapeutic management is difficult. Different treatments have been tested in recent years, but a weak efficacy that may be limited in time has been observed. Recently, modafinil has been suggested as a possible treatment for fatigue in MS patients, although nowadays, the only use of modafinil approved by the Food and Drug Administration is narcolepsy. Modafinil, 2-([difenilmetil]sulfinil), acetamide…

Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asian populations is characterised by the selective and severe involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord as well as low prevalence rates. 15-40% of cases of MS in Japan are of this "opticospinal" type. This form of MS generally has a higher age at onset and a higher female to male ratio than conventional MS. Opticospinal MS is also characterised by frequent relapses, severe disability, few brain lesions visible on MRI, long lesions extending over many vertebral segments visible on spinal-cord MRI, pleocytosis and an absence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF, and a…

Treating the family with multiple sclerosis.

It is difficult to treat a family, particularly when clinicians only have the opportunity to see one or two members in the medical setting. Still, one can accomplish a great deal by viewing the patient within a family system. Advantages of this systemic approach are similar to those accrued when one views the individual patient's problems as being inter-connected. For example, we know that pain stemming from MS can exacerbate depression that, in turn, increases pain ... and so on. By the same token, if the clinician treats either pain or depression, it will likely reduce the other one. One doe