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Cellular immune response of Mastomys and gerbils in experimental filariasis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine mitogenic and antigen-specific cellular immune responses of two species of rodents, viz. Meriones unguiculatus and Mastomys coucha to assess the usefulness of the A. viteae/Mastomys model for cellular immune studies in experimental filariasis. METHODS: Lymphocyte blast transformation test (LTT) using spleen cells of normal and A. viteae infected animals. RESULTS: The proliferative response of gerbils was much higher than that of Mastomys to both ConA and filarial antigens. Cells of both species of rodents did not respond to microfilarial (mf) antigen, however, their m

Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in Austrian rodents.

Puumala and Tula viruses are hantaviruses found in Europe and are associated with the rodents Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus arvalis, respectively. Puumala virus is associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica. In Austria, ten clinically diagnosed cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by Puumala virus infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed [Leschinskaya et al., 1991; Aberle et al., 1996]. To identify the hantaviruses that are present in Austria, five species of rodents were trapped and screened for virus antibodies, antigen, and RNA. Hantav

Developmental and morphological characteristics of Taenia taeniaeformis (Batsch, 1786) in Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae and Rattus norvegicus from different geographical locations.

Developmental and morphological characteristics of 3 isolates of Taenia taeniaeformis isolated from Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae in Abuta (70 km southwest of Sapporo), Japan (isolate ACR), and from Rattus norvegicus in Sapporo, Japan (isolate SRN) and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (isolate KRN) were compared. Eggs of 3 isolates were administered to several species of rodents. Isolate ACR infected C. rufocanus bedfordiae, Apodemus speciosus, and Apodemus argenteus, but not rats or mice, whereas isolate SRN and isolate KRN were infective to rats, mice, A. speciosus, and A. argenteus, but not to C

In vivo effect of benzothiazole and amoscanate derivatives on the fine structure of adult Brugia spp. and Litomosoides carinii.

Alterations in the fine structures of female Brugia spp. and Litomosoides carinii were investigated after in vivo treatment with curative doses of 4 compounds: CGP 20376 [2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole-5-methoxy-6-dithiocarbamic-S-(2- carboxyethyl)-ester], CGP 21833 (2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole-5-methyl-6- N-methylamino-piperazinylthiocarbonylamide), CGP 6140 [4-Nitro-4'-(N-methyl-piperazinylthiocarbonylamido)-diphenylamine] and amoscanate (4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine). All compounds caused early alterations in the somatic muscle cells. These alterations usually appeared within 24 h afte

Intestinal parasites of conventionally maintained BALB/c mice and Mastomys coucha and the effects of a concomitant schistosome infection.

A longitudinal study was carried out to identify the spectrum of intestinal parasites present in conventionally maintained BALB/c mice and Mastomys coucha and to determine the effects of concomitant schistosome infections on their parasite status. Six parasites were observed during the course of the study, namely the nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata, Entamoeba muris and the flagellates Trichomonas muris, Spironucleus muris and Chilomastix spp. Although the 2 rodents shared common facilities, the overall prevalences of S. obvelata, T. muris and S. muris were significantly

Mammary gland growth and response to hormones in mastomys compared with mice.

Mammary gland growth with or without hormone manipulation was examined in virgin mastomys (Praomys (mastomys) natalensis) and compared with C3H/He mice having a low mammary tumor incidence. Mammary glands of mastomys consisted mostly of duct systems even at 720 days of age, whereas conspicuous formation of normal end-buds and preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodules were seen in the glands of mice after 180 days of age. Mammary glands of mastomys showed a higher response to estrogen or progesterone rather than prolactin, which is much different from other rodents.

Ecological study of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Costa Rica.

Since Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) was recognized in Costa Rica, ecological studies have been undertaken to discern its distribution and the natural cycle of Rickettsia rickettsii. The population of ticks parasitizing animals and vegetation was scarce. Rickettsiae were not isolated from pools of ticks nor from spleens of the animals studied. However, the active circulation of rickettsiae was evidenced through the demonstration of spotted fever group antibodies in humans, dogs, and wild rabbits. These findings concur with those in a number of fatal human cases as well as with the isolati

Fleas on roof rats in six areas of Los Angeles County, California: their potential role in the transmission of plague and murine typhus to humans.

Roof rats (Rattus rattus) in southern California are rarely involved with plague epizootics and murine typhus. Little evidence exists implicating these rodents as sources of human infection. This might be explained by the absence of fleas capable of transmitting these 2 diseases. From February 1981 through January 1982, roof rats were live-trapped and examined for fleas each month in 4 areas of Los Angeles County. Two other areas were trapped for 9 and 3 months respectively. Areas sampled were in or near the suburban-wilderness fringe where plague and murine typhus occur, and where roof rats c

Обнаружение эндогенных ретровирусов в геноме красной панды (Ailurus fulgens).

Внешние ретровирусы (ЭВВ) - это вирусные геномы, которые возникают в результате интеграции внешних ретровирусов в хост-компьютерные клетки и могут быть прочно унаследованы в течение поколений. Несмотря на то, что ERV в основном являются неполными и молчаливыми, было отмечено, что они могут играть патологическую роль в многочисленных заболеваниях, включая множественный склероз, ревматоидный артрит и особенно рак. Исследования показали наличие ERV в геномах почти всех млекопитающих. Однако распределение и разнообразие этих ретровирусных генов в угрожаемой красной панде (Ailurus fulgens) остаются

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are viral genomes that originate from the integration of exogenous retroviruses into host germ cells and can … oups. Notably, the red panda ERVs clustered with retroviral sequences from various hosts, including Muridae, Felidae, and Cervidae. LTR divergence dating indicated that the integration of these ERVs occurred after the divergence of their respective host lineages, providing strong evidence for cross-species transmission events. This study not only deepens …

Imported plague--New York City, 2002.

On November 1, 2002, a married couple traveled from Santa Fe County, New Mexico, to New York City (NYC), where they both became ill with fever and unilateral inguinal adenopathy; bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) was diagnosed subsequently. This report summarizes the clinical and public health investigation of these cases and underscores the importance of rapid diagnosis and communication among health-care providers, public health agencies, and the public when patients seek medical attention for an illness that might be caused by an agent of terrorism.

Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and black rats (Rattus rattus) as possible reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in Lara State, Venezuela.

A total of 519 wild animals belonging to eleven species were collected during a two year study in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in Venezuela (La Matica, Lara State). The animals were captured in home-made Tomahawk-like traps baited with maize, bananas or other available local fruits, and parasites were isolated from 27 specimens. Two different species were found naturally infected with flagellates, i.e., cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and black rats (Rattus rattus). Characterization of the parasites using PCR, kDNA restriction pattern and hybridization with species-specific probes re

The Mus cervicolor MuLV isolate M813 is highly fusogenic and induces a T-cell lymphoma associated with large multinucleated cells.

M813 is a type-C murine leukemia virus (MuLV) isolated from the Asian rodent Mus cervicolor. We have recently demonstrated that M813 defines a distinct MuLV receptor interference group. Here we show that M813 rapidly induces fusion of MuLV-expressing fibroblasts from "without," with syncytia being observed within 1 h after exposure to virus. Infection of fibroblasts with MuLV from all tested receptor-interference groups imparts susceptibility to M813-induced fusion, provided the cells also express the M813 receptor. Syncytium induction is also observed in vivo; mice infected with M813 develop

Metal chelators/antioxidants: approaches to protect erythrocytic oxidative stress injury during Plasmodium berghei infection in Mastomys coucha.

Desferal, N-acetyl penicillamine (metal chelators) and propylgallate, catechin, and reduced glutathione (antioxidants) suppressed the erythrocytic oxidative damage generated during Plasmodium berghei infection in Mastomys coucha. Superoxide anion and lipid peroxide levels were increased and on the contrary, superoxide dismutase activity was noticeably decreased in the infected erythrocytes. Metal chelators/antioxidant treatment to infected animals resulted in restoration of O(2)(-), LPO and SOD to near normal levels. Furthermore, treatment of the above mentioned agents displayed a controlled m

Borrelia burgdorferi in rodents (Apodemus flavicollis and A. sylvaticus): duration and enhancement of infectivity for Ixodes ricinus ticks.

Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in Europe, and small rodents (Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus) are important sources for infecting ticks. In this study, we examined their reservoir role by studying the duration of their infectivity for ticks. A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus mice captured in nature were exposed to uninfected I. ricinus larvae at different times after their capture: 10 days, and 2, 7, 11, 14 and 40 months. Ticks were examined for spirochaetes after moulting using direct immunofluorescence. All animals remained infect

[Plague in Zaire].

Two endemic foci of plague have been discovered in Zaïre, the first in the Ituri in 1928, the other in North-Kivu in 1938. They are situated in the region of the great East-African Rift and are adjacent to the Ugandan focus, identified in 1877. A strict surveillance of these endemic foci makes it possible to state that, between 1928 and 1959, 632 cases of plague have been diagnosed in the Ituri, or 20 a year, and 190 in the N-Kivu, or 8 a year. Since then several flare ups have been notified. This situation is very remote from the "black death" concept. Yersinia pestis presents, besides its bi

Long-term dynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni among Rattus rattus in patchy environment.

Dynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni were studied during 8 consecutive years among Rattus rattus populations from 8 transmission sites of the marshy forest focus of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). The schistosome population is over-dispersed (k = 0.119) within the murine hosts and ecological factors linked to the patchy environment may be responsible for such aggregated distribution. Analysis of the spatio-temporal variations in prevalences, intensities and abundances showed limited variations of the infection during the 8 years at the level of the whole parasite population

Immune responses of two Mastomys sibling species to Yersinia pestis.

This study assessed the in vitro cell-mediated immune responses of Mastomys natalensis, with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 32, and Mastomys coucha, with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 36, to Yersinia pestis. Splenic mononuclear (MN) cells of uninfected M. natalensis proliferated in response to crude fraction 1 of Y. pestis and two subfractions derived from fraction 1 in vitro. Proliferation was dose dependent and followed the time kinetics of other well-known mitogens. Further characterization of the two fractions revealed similar protein profiles in sodium dodecyl sulfide-polyacryl

Effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve on insulinemia and glycemia in Acomys cahirinus mice.

To investigate the parasympathetic regulation of the endocrine pancreas in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus), unilateral electrical stimulations of the left cervical vagus nerve were performed in these animals and their controls, the albino mice. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured before and after the stimulation. The stimulation parameters were: 2-2.5 V, 14 Hz, 1 msec for the albino mice and 3 V, 14 Hz, 1 msec or 15-20 V, 20 Hz, 1 msec for the spiny mice. Already 2 min after the start of the stimulation, the acomys as well as the albino mice showed a significant increase in plasma in

Characteristics of the spontaneous gastric endocrine tumor of mastomys.

Mastomys is a rodent which has been reported to develop spontaneous antral endocrine tumors with acid hypersecretion and duodenal ulceration. This study documents the establishment of a breeding colony and the characterization of the tumors and their possible secretagogues. Parietal cell secretory characteristics were studied using isolated gastric glands (IGG) of both normal (n = 5) and tumor-bearing animals. Tumors (n = 6) and control gastric tissue samples were examined by light transmission microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay in both plasma and tis

Murine typhus among Khmers living at an evacuation site on the Thai-Kampuchean border.

An outbreak of febrile disease involving 170 Khmer adults at an evacuation site in Thailand occurred during the dry season of 1986, only 8 months after the camp was constructed. The illnesses were characterized by persistent fever, retro-orbital headache, myalgias, and clinical response to tetracycline within 2-3 days. The symptoms, effectiveness of tetracycline, and presence of a large rat population raised the suspicion of murine typhus. Fourteen (74%) of 19 patients had elevated or rising antibody titers against Rickettsia typhi, confirming the clinical diagnosis. Rats were caught, and they