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Establishment, Culture, and Scale-up of Brugmansia candida Hairy Roots for the Production of Tropane Alkaloids.

Brugmansia candida (syn. Datura candida) is a South American native plant that produces tropane alkaloids. Hyoscyamine, 6β-hydroxyhyoscyamine (anisodamine), and scopolamine are the most important ones due to their anticholinergic activity. These bioactive compounds have been historically and widely applied in medicine and their demand is continuous. Their chemical synthesis is costly and complex, and thereby, these alkaloids are industrially produced from natural producer plants. The production of these secondary metabolites by plant in vitro cultures such as hairy roots presents certain advan

Multi-locus genome-wide association analysis of grain yield, plant height, panicle length, and flowering time in the Senegalese pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] germplasm.

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple cereal underpinning food and nutritional security across the semi-arid Sahel, yet locally calibrated genomic resources for its improvement in West Africa remain scarce. Improving its key agronomic traits is therefore a breeding priority, despite the crop's inherent hardiness. This study characterized the genetic architecture of four agronomically decisive traits: grain yield, plant height, panicle length, and flowering time, in a Senegalese panel combining internationally derived PMiGAP inbred lines with locally adapted breeding materia

Оценка терпимости к засухе на большом числе горных хлопковых заводов (Gosypium hirsutum L.) в рамках различных режимов ирригации на стадии селекции.

Завод по производству хлопка имеет важное значение, поскольку он обеспечивает сырьем различные отрасли промышленности. Несмотря на то, что хлопок, как правило, является устойчивым к засухе, на нем негативно сказывается долгосрочная засуха. Испытание проводилось в соответствии с прикладной экспериментальной конструкцией в качестве полностью произвольной конструкции (CRD) three тиражирование для определения группы экспертов 93 Генотипы хлопка в ответ на засуху в контролируемых условиях 2022. Все генотипы были покрыты водой 80 mL-1 Водные ресурсы100% ирригация, полевая мощность) three Появлялись

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The cotton plant is important since it provides raw materials for various industry branches. Even though cotton is generally drought-toleran … current study as parents in a drought-tolerant variety development marker-assisted selection (MAS) plant breeding program will increase the chance of success in reaching the target after genetic diversity analyses are performed. On the other hand, it is highly recommended to continue the plant breeding program with the G44, G30, G19, G1, G5, G75, G35, G15, G52, …

Stability estimation through multivariate approach among solasodine-rich lines of Solanum khasianum (C.B. Clarke): an important industrial plant.

Solanum khasianum is a medicinally important plant that is a source of steroidal alkaloids 'solasodine.' It has various industrial applications, including oral contraceptives and other pharmaceutical uses. The present study was based on 186 germplasm of S. khasianum, which were analyzed for the stability of economically important traits like solasodine content and fruit yield. The collected germplasm was planted during Kharif 2018, 2019, and 2020 in RCBD with three replications at the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, India. A multivariate approach for stability analysis was appl

Research Progress on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-mediated Selenium Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Plants.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health, playing a crucial role in antioxidant defense and immune regulation. However, the uneven global distribution of bioavailable Se in soils has led to widespread dietary Se deficiency, posing a potential public health risk. Although plants are the primary dietary source of Se, their intrinsic capacity for Se enrichment is limited. This necessitates the exploration of microbial-assisted strategies for enhancing Se biofortification. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are keystone symbionts in the plant-soil continuum and are known to sig

Dietary responses of taste receptor genes to plant-based diets in farmed fish: A literature review.

Taste receptor genes, particularly those in the bitter (tas2r) and umami/sweet (tas1r) families, are critical in regulating chemosensory perception and feeding behavior, influencing fish's acceptance of plant-based diets. This review synthesizes the current research on how these genes respond to plant-based diets in farmed fish. A comprehensive search of scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify relevant studies. Plant-based diets modulate gene expression, receptor activity, and signaling pathways, enabling fish to adapt to al

Evolution of sex in crops: recurrent scrap and rebuild.

Sexuality is the main strategy for maintaining genetic diversity within a species. In flowering plants (angiosperms), sexuality is derived from ancestral hermaphroditism and multiple sexualities can be expressed in an individual. The mechanisms conferring chromosomal sex determination in plants (or dioecy) have been studied for over a century by both biologists and agricultural scientists, given the importance of this field for crop cultivation and breeding. Despite extensive research, the sex determining gene(s) in plants had not been identified until recently. In this review, we dissect plan

Sesame, an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges.

Sesame seeds and their edible oil are highly nutritious and rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, and sesamol provide significant medicinal benefits. The high oil content (50%) and favorable mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid balance, as well as resilience to water stress, make sesame a promising candidate crop for global agricultural expansion. However, sesame production faces challenges such as low yields, poor response to agricultural inputs, and losses due to capsule dehiscence. To enhance yield, traits like determinate growth, d

Development and Application of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers for the Identification of Pest and Disease Resistance in Sugarcane.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide for sugar and bioenergy production. However, its productivity is significantly affected by various pests and diseases, which lead to substantial yield and quality losses. Traditional breeding approaches for developing resistant varieties are often time-consuming and complicated due to the complex polyploid genome of sugarcane. In recent years, molecular marker technologies have provided powerful tools for the rapid identification and selection of desirable traits in crop improvement programs. Among the available

Unveiling the interactions between design optimization, modeling strategies, and spatial analysis in genomic selection.

Partially-replicated designs are more efficient than fully-replicated ones. They can be further enhanced through optimization and present positive synergy with fully-efficient models and 2D P-splines. In plant breeding, traditional field trials rely on balanced designs with high replication to ensure robust breeding value predictions. However, genomic technologies leveraging genomic relationship matrices have reduced the need for extensive replication, favoring partially-replicated (p-rep) designs. These designs, while effective, pose statistical challenges due to low replication and imbalance…

Multi-environment dissection of the genetic architecture of grain color and milling-related recovery traits in foxtail millet.

Multi-environment QTL analysis uncovered reproducible and novel loci underlying grain color and milling-related recovery traits in foxtail millet, and Seita.5G392600 was prioritized as a putative candidate gene for kernel yellowness and a potential breeding target. Grain appearance and processing quality are major determinants of the market value and end-use performance of foxtail millet, yet the genetic basis of these traits remains incompletely understood, particularly for kernel color and milling-related recovery traits. Here, we used 256 recombinant inbred lines derived from Jingu 21 × Chu

Nonadditive gene expression is correlated with nonadditive phenotypic expression in interspecific triploid hybrids of willow (Salix spp.).

Many studies have highlighted the complex and diverse basis for heterosis in inbred crops. Despite the lack of a consensus model, it is vital that we turn our attention to understanding heterosis in undomesticated, heterozygous, and polyploid species, such as willow (Salix spp.). Shrub willow is a dedicated energy crop bred to be fast-growing and high yielding on marginal land without competing with food crops. A trend in willow breeding is the consistent pattern of heterosis in triploids produced from crosses between diploid and tetraploid species. Here, we test whether differentially express

Anther Culture and Chromosome Doubling in Mediterranean Japonica Rice.

Anther culture is the most used technique to produce doubled haploid lines in rice. This technique is well developed in a wide range of indica rice genotypes. However, in japonica type, and more specifically, the Mediterranean japonica, the protocols are yet to be optimized. Japonica and indica have different androgenic response, as well as different induction and regeneration rates, albinism ratios and chromosome doubling competence. The step-by-step anther culture protocol presented in this chapter allows to regenerate doubled haploid rice plantlets from anther microspores in 8 months. We al

Specialized structures and developmental mechanisms of secondary metabolite-synthesizing organs and tissues in medicinal plants.

Specialized structures in medicinal plants underpin the spatial regulation of secondary metabolism, determining the biosynthesis, accumulation, and storage of pharmacologically active compounds. Specialized structures, such as glandular trichomes, roots, rhizomes, laticifer, heartwood, and so on, have evolved distinct developmental programs and metabolic regulatory networks, enabling efficient synthesis, storage, and secretion of bioactive compounds. Understanding how these tissues originate, differentiate, and coordinate metabolism is essential not only for elucidating the molecular basis of

The detection of snail host habitats in liver fluke infected farms by use of plant indicators.

Field investigations in 361 liver fluke infected cattle- or sheep-breeding farms on acid soil were carried out during thirty years in March and April to record indicator plants in relation to the category of site colonized by the intermediate host of liver fluke, the snail Galba truncatula. Seven types of snail zones and six species of indicator plants were recorded in the 7709 positive sites studied. The most frequent habitats were located at the peripheral extremities of open drainage furrows. Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Glyceria fluitans, and Agrostis stolonifera were the indicator

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis.

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as industrial materials. Gene expression profiles are powerful tools for investigating metabolic regulation in plant cells. Therefore, detailed, accurate gene expression profiles during seed development are required for crop breeding. Acquiring highly purified RNA is essential for producing these profiles. Efficient methods are needed to isolate highly purified RNA from seeds. Here, we describe a method for isolating RNA from seeds containing large

Breaking the bloom: Exploring the genetic pathways in crop plants from primordia formation to seed development.

Genetic regulation of fertility and sterility is a key determinant of reproductive success, seed formation, and hybrid breeding efficiency in crop plants. Modern genetics has encouraged us to analyze the genetic and molecular pathways of plant crops and discuss the respective roles of genes. The concept of modern genetics is so vast, and it has opened new doors in scientific research, like the introduction and analysis of several genes that direct plant developmental processes toward either fertility or sterility. Normal plant development depends on coordinated genetic regulation of reproducti

Large-scale genome-wide association study, using historical data, identifies conserved genetic architecture of cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root.

Manihot esculenta (cassava) is a root crop originating from South America that is a major staple in the tropics, including in marginal environments. This study focused on South American and African germplasm and investigated the genetic architecture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a major component of root quality. HCN, representing total cyanogenic glucosides, is a plant defense component against herbivory but is also toxic for human consumption. We genotyped 3354 landraces and modern breeding lines originating from 26 Brazilian states and 1389 individuals were phenotypically characterized across

Complete Genome Sequence of Atractylodes virus A, a Novel Carlavirus Infecting Atractylodes lancea.

Atractylodes lancea is an important medicinal crop, but viral diseases have become increasingly severe in recent years. Viruses in the genus Carlavirus are common plant pathogens that are primarily transmitted by aphids and can cause stunted growth and reduced yields in their host plants. In this study, a novel carlavirus, tentatively named Atractylodes virus A (AVA), was identified from A. lancea plants exhibiting virus-like symptoms. The full-length genome of AVA is 8,817 nt in length and contains six open reading frames, displaying the typical genomic organization of the genus Carlavirus. T

Genome analysis and introgression of multiple disease resistance into pre-breeding lines derived from greengram × ricebean crosses.

BACKGROUND: Greengram (Vigna radiata) productivity is constrained by major pests and diseases, and introgression of ricebean (Vigna umbellata) derived genomic segments conferring disease resistance through interspecific hybridization offers an effective strategy to broaden the genetic base and enhance resistance to biotic stresses. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, three advanced pre-breeding lines (COGRISC 1, COGRISC 2 and COGRISC 3) developed through interspecific crosses between greengram (CO 6 and CO 7) and ricebean (RBL 35 and LRB 576), were evaluated. These lines exhibited rice