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Declines in tourism during COVID-19 reduces nitrogen loading of groundwater input to a coral reef in West Maui, Hawai'i.

The coral reef at Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) in West Maui receives eutrophic submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), of which over half is inj … er by 70 % and 60 %, respectively. Water samples were collected at KBP during and after the visitor quarantine to characterize SGD nitrate concentrations ([NO3-]) during changing visitor population and injected wastewater characteristics. These results reveal a > 99 % reduction of SGD [NO3-] at the height of the visitor quarantine and suggest that TN injecte …

Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 on the Diamond Princess uncovered using viral genome sequence analysis.

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred aboard th … he estimated origin of the outbreak was January 21, 2020. The infection spread substantially before quarantine on February 5. The Re peaked at 6.06 on February 4 and gradually declined to 1.51, suggesting that transmission continued slowly even after quarantine. These findings highlight the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the need for effective measu …

[Sleep disorders as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic].

Respiratory complications from COVID-19 can lead to death. For this reason, public health measures to curb the spread of the disease such as quarantine and other confinement strategies have been proposed in several countries, resulting in mental health and sleep disorders. We carried out a narrative review to systematize the most significant findings regarding insomnia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in healthy persons who have been under confinement as a preventive measure. COVID-19-related conditions have caused insomnia in patients, which can alter the immune system and have a n…

How politics affect pandemic forecasting: spatio-temporal early warning capabilities of different geo-social media topics in the context of state-level political leaning.

OBJECTIVES: Due to political polarization, adherence to public health measures varied across US states during the COVID-19 pandemic. Althoug … ies of these topics. RESULTS: Many topics exhibited significant spatial clustering over time, with quarantine and vaccination-related posts occurring in opposing spatial regimes in the second timeframe. We also found significant variation in the early warning capabilities of geo-social media topics over time and across political clusters. In detail, quarant …

Commodity risk assessment of Alnus cordata and Alnus glutinosa specimen trees from the UK.

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commissio … following defined criteria. Three pests were selected for further evaluation: one EU-protected zone quarantine pest (Entoleuca mammata), one EU quarantine pest (Phytophthora ramorum (non-EU isolates)) and one non-quarantine pest (Phytophthora siskiyouensis). For the selected pests, the risk mitigation measures implemented in the UK and specified in the techn …

Psychosocial Impact of Lockdown on Children due to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Quarantine measures during the COVID-19 lockdown had a negative impact on children's psychology and development. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychological impact of quarantine on children due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia and to assess types of reported child maltreatment before and after the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey among parents was performed along with a retrospective data review for anonymized data from the National Family Safety Program, Saudi Arabia. 436 children participated in this survey during June-November 2020. RESULTS: The pe…

First Molecular Detection of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) and the Parasite Centrocestus formosanus in the Ornamental Fish Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) in Chile.

Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) is a significant fish pathogen historically reported in East and Southeast Asia and increasingly detected in other regions, often in association with the international movement of ornamental fish. Centrocestus formosanus is a digenean trematode of sanitary and economic relevance, with zoonotic potential, that uses snails and fish as intermediate hosts. In this study, ornamental fish representing 24 species were sampled from 13 quarantine facilities across Chile. ISKNV was detected in samples of platy fish (Xiphophorus maculatus) from two quar…

Disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in an ASSAM trinket snake (Elaphe frenata).

A sub-adult male Assam trinket snake (Elaphe frenata) that was confiscated from an exotic animal dealer was found dead in its enclosure after a 17-mo quarantine. The snake had grown well during that period and had no physical examination or bloodwork abnormalities during the quarantine. On gross necropsy, masses were found in the epaxial musculature and stomach, the lung was diffusely thickened, the ventricular wall was mottled, and there was intracoelomic and pericardial effusion. Histopathology revealed diffusely disseminated granulomatous infiltrates throughout the lung interstitium and mul…

Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea) infestation in a Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria).

A 12-yr-old female Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria), acquired from a private aviculturalist, was diagnosed with a flea infestation during a quarantine examination. The fleas were embedded around the face and throat and were identified as sticktight fleas (Echidnophaga gallinacea). Despite the sticktight fleas' worldwide distribution and broad host range, there is a paucity of reports on flea infestations and their treatment in zoo and exotic pet birds. Although this parasite has the potential to induce morbidity and mortality, no feather loss, localized dermatitis, or anemia was noted …

Cryptosporidium sp.-associated enteritis without gastritis in rough green snakes (Opheodrys aestivus) and a common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis).

An epizootic of severe Cryptosporidium sp.-associated enteritis occurred in a group of 15 wild-caught juvenile rough green snakes (Opheodrys aestivus) at the Baltimore Zoo quarantine facility. All of the animals died with no premonitory signs. Histopathologic examination of the small and proximal large intestine of eight of the green snakes showed moderate to severe Cryptosporidium sp. infection and enteritis characterized by dense heterophilic and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates throughout the lamina propria with epithelial necrosis. Cryptosporidium sp. was also found in feces of an adul…

The role of non-biting flies in the transmission of enteric pathogens (Salmonella species and Shigella species) in Beirut, Lebanon.

In the summer and early autumn of 1974, flies were trapped in the Beirut districts of Ashraffiyah, Burj, Burj-Hammoud, Quarantine, the New Slaughter House, Ras Beirut, American University Campus, and the suburbs of Chiyah and Mreyjieh. Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Calliphora vicina, Phormia regina, Phaenicia sericata, Sarcophagidae spp. and Fannia canicularis were identified. The rural areas of Mreyjieh and Chiyah had higher densities of Musca domestica while higher densities of Calliphoridae spp. were found in the Slaughter House, Quarantine and Burj-Hammoud districts. Twenty-nine isol…

Progress report on the Charles River Breeding Laboratories' free-ranging rhesus monkey breeding colony on Key Lois, Florida.

The nucleus of a breeding colony of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) free from tuberculosis, herpes-B virus, shigellosis, and salmonellosis has been established on Key Lois, Florida, USA. Standardized procedures for trapping, quarantine, and shipping from the wild in India to the island have been established. The monkeys seem to have adapted well to the Florida Keys' climate. Reproduction has proceeded according to expectations, and social groups have been formed with continual restructuring as each new group is placed on the island. The isolation of Key Lois from other inhabited k…

Depression, anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support in square cabin hospitals during Shanghai's COVID-19 lockdown, China.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate and compare the associated factors of depression, anxiety, and other psychological differences between patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 quarantined in square cabin hospitals (SCH) and isolation wards (IW) in China. METHODS: Cluster sampling method was performed during Shanghai's Two-Month Lockdown in 2022. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to investigate psychological differences. RESU…

COVID-19 outbreak after 100 days without community transmission: Epidemiological analysis of factors associated with death.

BACKGROUND: Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused millions of deaths and lifelong consequences since December 2019. We attempted to eva … en, with 34 cases of death and 355 were alive. The study showed significant results related to age, quarantine measures, previous negative SARS-CoV-2 test, and a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath and myalgia (p-value <0.05). Our multiple-variable analysis suggested the significant risk of death was related to age, severe symptomology, undetect …

Assessing rabies knowledge gaps in human and animal healthcare professionals practicing in Washington, DC-A one health approach.

Once a person is exposed to the rabies virus, it is universally fatal unless postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is administered promptly. In the United States, determining whether PEP recommeded is often a collaborative effort where health departments work with both animal and human healthcare professionals to enact animal quarantines (or rabies testing), recommending PEP when appropriate. A failure in the knowledge base of either profession can result in incorrect PEP recommendations and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. To assess rabies knowledge in licensed physicians and veterinarians pra…

Нынешняя и будущая организация ветеринарных служб в Азии: примеры Республики Корея и Японии.

Ветеринарные службы Республики Корея и Японии рассматриваются и резюмируются. Для того чтобы справиться с постоянно возрастающим спросом на ветеринарные услуги, обе страны прилагают постоянные усилия по расширению этих услуг, в которых в настоящее время имеется лишь ограниченное число государственных служащих. Для решения некоторых проблем, связанных с международной торговлей, таких, как вспышки заболевания ступней и ротовой полости и классическая свиная лихорадка (хроговая холера), власти Республики Корея рассматривают вопрос об укреплении карантинных служб путем объединения Национальной служ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Veterinary Services of the Republic of Korea and Japan are reviewed and summarised. To cope with ever-increasing demands on Veterinary S … l swine fever (hog cholera), the authorities of the Republic of Korea are considering strengthening quarantine services by combining the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service and the National Plant Quarantine Service of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). In the field of veterinary public health services, the Republic of Korea and J …

Concealment and Disclosure: The Cholera Crisis of 1969-70 in Korea.

The anti-cholera measures of 1969-70 represent one of the most unsuccessful quarantine cases in modern Korea. The military government, which overthrew the democratic government in 1961, tried to amend the Constitution aiming for a long-term seizure of power, and had to overcome the cholera crisis of 1969-70. Previous scholarship has emphasized the limitation of the state power when it came to controlling the cholera epidemic or the poor sanitation system of 1969-70. However, it is undeniable that the military government did have organizations, facilities, and human capital available. When a ch…

Historical review: Towards the 50th anniversary of the last major smallpox outbreak (Yugoslavia, 1972).

In 1972, Yugoslavia experienced the largest outbreak of smallpox in the history of Europe following the Second World War and its first small … h active surveillance and rapid identification of new cases. Measures, such as mass vaccination and quarantine of direct contacts, were promptly taken. In a few weeks, 18 million people had been vaccinated and approximately 15,000 had been quarantined. Yugoslavia was declared free of smallpox on 9th May 1972. The global community today is confronted with ser …