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Early alcohol exposure disrupts visual cortex plasticity in mice.

There is growing evidence that deficits in neuronal plasticity underlie the cognitive problems seen in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). However, the mechanisms behind these deficits are not clear. Here we test the effects of early alcohol exposure on ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in mice and the reversibility of these effects by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Mouse pups were exposed to 5 g/kg of 25% ethanol i.p. on postnatal days (P) 5, 7 and 9. This type of alcohol exposure mimics binge drinking during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation. To assess ocular domina

Pharmacotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer: current status and future perspectives.

Several 'lines of therapy' that utilize cytotoxic agents and are driven by platinum-free intervals are the current standard of care for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. For patients with platinum-resistant disease, single agent chemotherapy (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, gemcitabine or weekly paclitaxel) is the standard of care. For patients with platinum-sensitive disease, combination chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or gemcitabine) is the standard of care. In addition, antiangiogenic therapy using bevacizumab is an established op

Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry.

Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption re

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… Neurotoxicity caused by vinca alkaloids is a significant side effect of using these alkaloids as cancer medication ( Arora & Menezes, 2021 ). … Vinca alkaloids and their analogs Vinca alkaloids from the Catharanthus roseus plant include the naturally occurring bis-indole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, as well as various semisynthetic equivalents such as vinorelbine, vinflunine, and KAR-2. …

Vincristine in Combination Therapy of Cancer: Emerging Trends in Clinics.

Treatment of blood malignancies and other cancer diseases has been mostly unfeasible, so far. Therefore, novel treatment regimens should be developed and the currently used ones should be further elaborated. A stable component in various cancer treatment regimens consists of vincristine, an antimitotic compound of natural origin. Despite its strong anticancer activity, mostly, it cannot be administered as monotherapy due to its unspecific action and severe side effects. However, vincristine is suitable for combination therapy. Multidrug treatment regimens including vincristine are standardly a

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… Vincristine belongs to the vinca alkaloid family, named after the Vinca genus, which Catharanthus was formerly part of. … Also, low doses of vinca alkaloids hamper this function, since the compounds bind the ends of the microtubule fibers and stabilize the microtubule dynamics [ 7 ]. The antimitotic effect of vinca alkaloids is, however, not selective to cancer cells. …

Vincristine-Induced Seizure from Drug Interactions: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Vincristine (VCR) as a key drug for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with neurotoxicity. We present a young man with a history of controlled childhood seizures who was diagnosed with pre-B-cell ALL and developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures following the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 8811 regimen. The patient also received oral itraconazole to prevent fungal infection initiated by chemotherapy. Possible causes of seizure, including electrolyte abnormalities, hypoglycemia, central nervous system infection or inflammation, were ruled out. According to

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… The significant adverse effect of VCR and Vinca alkaloids is neurotoxicity, which appears to be dose dependent and cumulative. Patients receiving VCR may develop peripheral neuropathy, sensory deficits, muscle weakness, altered mental status, and seizures during the treatment [2] . … Neurotoxicity of VCR Among the Vinca alkaloids, VCR is the most neurotoxic. …

Evaluation of the Incidence and Stage of Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Study.

AimThis study aims to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and stage of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsA total of 102 patient records of patients hospitalized between 2014 and 2019 in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic of a tertiary university hospital in Turkey were evaluated. Data were collected through a retrospective evaluation of patient records. Records made according to the WHO Oral Toxicity Scale included in the patient records during hospitalization in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic

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… Before HSCT, the most used chemotherapy drugs in patients were alkylating agents ( n = 96), antimetabolite agents ( n = 47), and vinca alkaloids ( n = 30). The TBI protocol was performed in 9.2% of HSCT patients ( Table 1 ). Table 1. … alkaloids ( n = 2) | 12.50 ± 2.12 | p < .001* Alkylating agents + antimetabolite( n = 5) | 23.08 ± 7.95 a | Alkylating agents + antimetabolite + vinca alkaloids ( n = 19) | 11.05 ± 5.05 b | Alkylating Agents + vinca Alkaloids ( n = 7) | 11.28 ± 2.98 b | Discussion Oral mucositis is a condition …

Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-mebendazole as an anti-cancer agent.

Mebendazole, a well-known anti-helminthic drug in wide clinical use, has anti-cancer properties that have been elucidated in a broad range of pre-clinical studies across a number of different cancer types. Significantly, there are also two case reports of anti-cancer activity in humans. The data are summarised and discussed in relation to suggested mechanisms of action. Based on the evidence presented, it is proposed that mebendazole would synergise with a range of other drugs, including existing chemotherapeutics, and that further exploration of the potential of mebendazole as an anti-cancer

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… Mechanistically, the microtubule action is well characterised in the laboratory and provides a similar rationale to some of the major classical chemotherapeutic drug classes, such as the taxanes and vinca alkaloids. … Given that MBZ has such low toxicity in comparison to many existing microtubule agents, combination therapy of MBZ with taxanes or vinca alkaloid drugs would seem a promising avenue to explore in human trials. …

Antitumoral Agent-Induced Constipation: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundConstipation is a common symptom in patients receiving antitumoral treatment. The mechanisms underlying antitumoral agent-induced constipation (ATAIC) are poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze and synthesize the available information related to the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC.MethodsA systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. The review included human studies written in English, French, or Spanish involving patients with cancer and containing information abou

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… As far as cisplatin and vinca alkaloids are concerned, their effects on constipation could be related to the peripheral neurotoxicity of these treatments. … In 3 of these 17 studies related to treatment, vinca alkaloids were the antitumoral treatment used [ 6 , 27 , 60 ]. Vinca alkaloids are also the antineoplastic treatments that appear the most in studies of constipation in children with cancer [ 74 ]. …

Hypertension in Cardio-Oncology Clinic: an update on etiology, assessment, and management.

Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidity and the leading cause of cancer-related death in cancer patients. The prevalence of hypertension in cancer patients is much higher than that of the general population. In the older population of cancer patients, specific cancer treatments such as new tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor drugs give rise to hypertension in cancer patients; The aim of present study is to provide a detailed discussion etiologies of cancer treatment-induced hypertension and explore the most innovative diagnostic and management

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… Vinca alkaloids Vinca alkaloids are effective microtubule-targeting agents used in treating hematological and lymphatic neoplasms [ 65 ]. Recent studies suggest Vinca Alkaloids are associated with cardiovascular adverse events, such as hypertension [ 66 , 67 ]. … Roca E Bruera E Politi P Barugel M Cedaro L Carraro S Vinca alkaloid-induced cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy Cancer Treat Rep. 1985 69 2 149 151 3971390 116. Moudi M Go R Yien CYS Nazre M Vinca alkaloids Int J Prev Med. 2013 4 11 1231 24404355 PMC3883245 117. …

Targeting dorsal root ganglia for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: from bench to bedside.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating condition affecting an increasing number of cancer survivors worldwide. However, insights into its pathophysiology and availability of effective therapies remain lacking. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have been studied as a key component of chemotherapeutic drug toxicity and a potential therapeutic target for CIPN treatment. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize, summarize, and correlate the results of both preclinical and clinical studies relevant to the pathophysiology and management of CIPN in relation to the DRG. Design

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… alkaloids Among vinca alkaloids, vincristine is the most likely to induce dose-dependent CIPN compared to its counterparts: vinblastine, vinflunine, and vinorelbine. 108 , 109 The incidence and prevalence of CIPN after treatment with vinca alkaloids have been reported at 17.5% and 91%, respectively … The hypersensitization to painful stimuli in response to the acute exposure to vinca alkaloids is reduced in TrpA1-mutant flies and mice. 115 Other biochemical enzymatic pathways, such as SARM1, have mediated vinca-induced axonal destruction. 116 Mice deficient in SARM1 are protected from vincristine-induced …

Axonal Transport Impairment in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting side effect of several antineoplastic drugs which significantly reduces patients' quality of life. Although different molecular mechanisms have been investigated, CIPN pathobiology has not been clarified yet. It has largely been recognized that Dorsal Root Ganglia are the main targets of chemotherapy and that the longest nerves are the most damaged, together with fast axonal transport. Indeed, this bidirectional cargo-specific transport has a pivotal role in neuronal function and its impairment is involved in several neurodeg

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… Vinca-Alkaloids Vinca alkaloids are derived from Catharanthus roseus plant (formerly, vinca rosea). This group of chemotherapeutic drugs includes both natural alkaloids, such as Vincristine and Vinblastine, and semi-synthetic ones, such as Vinorelbine, Vindesine and Vinflunine. … Vinca alkaloids share the antineoplastic effect, based on inhibitory effect on microtubule assembly, while differ in antitumoral spectra and toxicity. …

Onco-Hem Connectome-Network-Based Phenotyping of Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions in Onco-Hematological Inpatients.

We introduce the Onco-Hem Connectome (OHC), a patient similarity network (PSN) designed to organize real-world hemato-oncology inpatients by exploratory phenotypes with potential clinical utility. Background: Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are pervasive in hemato-oncology and vary with comorbidity and treatment intensity. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a 2023 single-center cohort of 298 patients (1158 hospital episodes). Standardized feature vectors combined demographics, comorbidity (Charlson, Elixhauser), comorbidity polypharmacy score (CPS), aggregate DDI severity scor

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… These include phenotype-specific order sets, DDI alert lists for anthracycline- and vinca-based regimens, as well as targeted cardio-oncology surveillance when diuretics and antiarrhythmics are co-prescribed. … Vinca alkaloids as a potential cancer therapeutics: Recent update and future challenges 3 Biotech 2023 13 211 10.1007/s13205-023-03636-6 PMC10209376 37251731 94. Kannepogu A. Current Status and Development of Vinca Alkaloids in Cancer Treatment J. …

Assessing the Therapeutic Role of Rehabilitation Programs in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)-A Scoping Review.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, debilitating side effect of cancer treatment. Characterized by symptoms like pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, CIPN significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Current management strategies vary, with limited consensus on effective treatments. This scoping review aims to explore comprehensive rehabilitation interventions for CIPN, focusing on enhancing patient well-being and functional abilities. Methods: A scoping review, guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework and Levac et al.'s refinements, was conducted to

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… Treatment was for 3 months. | Placebo | 21 | 23 | Median (range): 58. (28–73) | Median (range): 58 (43–73) | 6 (29%) | 7 (30%) | N/A | N/A | Platinum: 10 (48%) Taxane: 10 (48%) Vinca alkaloids: 3 (14%) Other: 9 (43%) | Platinum: 6 (26%) Taxane: 11 (48%) Vinca alkaloids: 3 (13%) Other: 8 (35%) | Lymphoma … Alklaloid: 1 WBV (n) Taxane: 5 Platinum derivate: 2 Vinca Alklaloid: 1 | GC (n) Taxane: 4 Platinum derivate: 4 Vinca alkaloid: 2 HGC (n) Taxane: 0 Platinum derivate: 0 Vinca alkaloid: 0 | SMT: Mamma-CA: 4 Ovarian-CA: 2 Adeno-CA: 1 Colon-CA: 1 Pancreatic-CA: 0 T cell NHL: 1 M. …

Emerging Approaches for the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): Therapeutic Potential of the C5a/C5aR Axis.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most common neurologic complication of chemotherapy, resulting in symptoms like pain, sensory loss, and numbness in the hands and feet that cause lots of uneasiness in patients with cancer. They often suffer from pain so severe that it interrupts the treatment, thus invalidating the entire chemotherapy-based healing process, and significantly reducing their quality of life. In this paper, we underline the role of the complement system in CIPN, highlighting the relevance of the C5a fragment and its receptor C5aR1, whose activation is thou

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… Several chemotherapeutic agents are commonly associated with the pathophysiology of CIPN, such as platinum-based compounds, vinca alkaloids, and taxanes. … Vinca Alkaloids Vincristine and vinblastine, both derived from the periwinkle plant, are used either alone or in combination therapy to treat hematological and solid malignancies [ 42 ]. Vinca alkaloid-induced neuropathy can be sensory or motor, with an incidence of about 20% [ 8 ]. …

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… The most common plant-derived anti-cancerous agents include vinca alkaloids and their derivatives, camptothecin and its derivatives, podophyllotoxin and its semi-synthetic analogs, and terpenes. 3.1. … Alike other semi-synthetic analogs of vinca alkaloids, vinflunine also attaches to tubulin molecules resulting in the inhibition of microtubule polymerization and the formation of tubulins para crystals [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ]. …

The Role of Intravesicular Proteins and the Protein Corona of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Drug-Induced Polyneuropathy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as membrane structures of cellular origin participating in intercellular communication are involved in the molecular mechanisms of the development of various variants of polyneuropathy. Taking into account the increasing role of the protein corona of EVs and protein-protein interactions on the surface of EVs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, we focused our attention in this review on the role of intravesicular proteins and the protein corona of EVs in the development of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN). It has been shown that EVs are effectively in

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… Oxidative Stress Some anticancer agents (platinum-based drugs, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors) enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. … The use of drugs that affect the dynamics of microtubules (eribulin, taxanes, vinca alkaloids and bortezomib) blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and the cell passes into apoptosis with activation of p53 or by other mechanisms. 3.4. …

Chemotherapy Side-Effects: Not All DNA Damage Is Equal.

Recent advances have increased survival rates of children and adults suffering from cancer thanks to effective anti-cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy. However, during treatment and later in life they are frequently confronted with the severe negative side-effects of their life-saving treatment. The occurrence of numerous features of accelerated aging, seriously affecting quality of life, has now become one of the most pressing problems associated with (pediatric) cancer treatment. Chemotherapies frequently target and damage the DNA, causing mutations or genome instability, a major hallmark

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… Another drug class, mitotic inhibitors, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, target microtubules. Vinca alkaloids specifically bind tubulin, thereby primarily inhibiting microtubule formation, disrupting mitotic spindle formation, and finally leading to metaphase arrest [ 92 ]. … Vincristine is the most neurotoxic of all vinca alkaloids, probably due to its high tubulin binding affinity and long half-life [ 50 ]. …

Cumulative burden of 144 conditions, critical care hospitalisation and premature mortality across 26 adult cancers.

A comprehensive evaluation of the total burden of morbidity endured by cancer survivors remains unavailable. This study quantified the burden of 144 health conditions and critical care admissions across 26 adult cancers and treatment modalities in 243,767 adults. By age 60, top conditions ranked by fold difference (cumulative burden in survivors divided by cumulative burden in controls) were haematology, immunology/infection and pulmonary conditions. Patients who had all three forms of treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery) experienced a high cumulative burden of late morbidities c

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… alkaloids (7707), platinum agents (9570), and vinca alkaloids (2821). … alkaloids), (9) platinum agents, and (10) vinca alkaloids. …

Non-coding RNA/microRNA-modulatory dietary factors and natural products for improved cancer therapy and prevention: Alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids and water-soluble vitamins.

Non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute decisively to the epigenetic regulation processes in cancer cells. Problematic pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards anticancer drugs are highly influenced by miRNAs. Both increased drug activity and formation of tumor resistance are regulated by miRNAs. Further to this, the survival and proliferation of cancer cells and the formation of metastases is based on the modulated expression of certain miRNAs. In particular, drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) depend on the presence and abs

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… Due to clinical drawbacks such as emerging multidrug-resistance upon treatment with Vinca alkaloids, the role of miRNAs for the induction of resistance to Vinca alkaloids was investigated in various cancer models. … Fig. 2 Structures of the Vinca alkaloids and staurosporine. Fig. 2 Fig. 2 Structures of the Vinca alkaloids and staurosporine. …

Drug repurposing for breast cancer therapy: Old weapon for new battle.

Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. The available treatment modalities are very costly and produces severe side effects. Drug repurposing that relate to new uses for old drugs has emerged as a novel approach for drug development. Repositioning of old, clinically approved, off patent non-cancer drugs with known targets, into newer indication is like using old weapons for new battle. The advances in genomics, proteomics and information computational biology has facilitated the process o

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… Vinblastine is a naturally occurring Vinca alkaloid found in white flowered periwinkle, Vinca rosea . This was discovered by Robert Noble and Charles T Beer in 1958. The discovery of vinblastine is a beautiful example of serendipity in drug development. … Further study in this direction showed peripheral granulocytopenia and leukopenia in Vinca rosea extract treated rats. Finally, they reported carcinostatic activity of Vinca rosea extract/vinblastine in rats with transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma and sarcoma [ 131 , 132 ]. …