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Dengue: an escalating public health problem in Latin America.

Dengue infection is a significant and escalating public health problem in Latin America. Its re-emergence and subsequent rise in the region over the past 50 years has largely been caused by a combination of a lack of political will, the radical growth of urban populations, migration flow and insufficient financial resources. Its increased incidence has been compounded by climate change, poor sanitation and extreme poverty, which lead to more breeding sites of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. In order to control dengue effectively, an integrated approach incorporating vector management and en

Early warning system for West Nile virus risk areas, California, USA.

The Dynamic Continuous-Area Space-Time (DYCAST) system is a biologically based spatiotemporal model that uses public reports of dead birds to identify areas at high risk for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission to humans. In 2005, during a statewide epidemic of WNV (880 cases), the California Department of Public Health prospectively implemented DYCAST over 32,517 km2 in California. Daily risk maps were made available online and used by local agencies to target public education campaigns, surveillance, and mosquito control. DYCAST had 80.8% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity for predicting human …

Ecological correlates of microfilariae prevalence in endangered Galápagos birds.

This study assesses the ecological factors associated with microfilariae prevalence in wild populations of endangered flightless cormorants (Phalacrocorax harrisi) and Galápagos penguins (Spheniscus mendiculus). Prevalence values were tested for correlation with a large number of environmental variables, as modeled from weather station data and measured by satellite-borne sensors. Predictions were made based on the expected effects of climatic and landscape variables on sustained populations of arthropod vectors required for transmission of microfilariae. In general, findings were consistent w

A recombinant AeDNA containing the insect-specific toxin, BmK IT1, displayed an increasing pathogenicity on Aedes albopictus.

The Aedes aegypti densovirus (AeDNV) has previously shown potential in mosquito control. To improve its efficacy as a biopesticide, the gene for an excitatory insect-specific toxin from Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK IT1) was inserted into the AeDNV genome and cloned into pUCA plasmid. The coding sequence for green fluorescent protein was ligated to the C-terminus of the BmK IT1 gene as a screening marker. Recombinant and helper plasmids were cotransfected into C6/36 cells; wild-type viruses were the controls. The recombinant viruses were identified and quantified by real-time polymerase chain r…

The backward bifurcation in compartmental models for West Nile virus.

In all of the West Nile virus (WNV) compartmental models in the literature, the basic reproduction number serves as a crucial control threshold for the eradication of the virus. However, our study suggests that backward bifurcation is a common property shared by the available compartmental models with a logistic type of growth for the population of host birds. There exists a subthreshold condition for the outbreak of the virus due to the existence of backward bifurcation. In this paper, we first review and give a comparison study of the four available compartmental models for the virus, and fo

Dengue vaccines approach the finish line.

The spread of dengue virus (DV) via its Aedes mosquito vector throughout most of the tropics has led to a worldwide resurgence of epidemic dengue, including dengue hemorrhagic fever. For the first time in 60 years, the pipeline of dengue vaccines looks promising. Strains of each of the 4 DV serotypes, attenuated by passage in tissue culture or by recombinant DNA technology, have been formulated into tetravalent vaccines and have entered successful phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in the United States and Southeast Asia. Antibody-dependent enhancement of wild-type DV infections by the vaccine repr

West Nile virus infection in tree squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in California, 2004-2005.

West Nile virus (WNV) transmission generally involves a mosquito vector and an avian reservoir host, with mammals as incidental hosts. Although most mammalian WNV infections cause low or no morbidity or mortality, tree squirrels are susceptible to WNV-associated neurologic disease with infection prevalence comparable to that in dead birds. Positive species included fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), western gray squirrel (S. griseus), and eastern gray squirrel (S. carolinensis). Kidney tissue (dissected and swabbed), and oropharyngeal (oral) swab samples from tree squirrels submitted by California

Current status of human parasitic infections in Taiwan.

The eradication of the 2 mosquito-borne parasitic diseases, malaria and lymphatic filariasis, is one of the greatest achievements of the parasite control campaigns in Taiwan. Most of the soil-transmitted nematode infections, with the exception of pinworm infection, are currently well controlled and limited to some aboriginal areas. Food-borne parasitic zoonosis such as infections with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Clonorchis sinensis, and Taenia saginata asiatica are not rare, but the former is seasonal and the latter 2 are ethnically and geographically associated. Intestinal protozoal infectio

Значение введения в юго-восточную часть Соединенных Штатов Aedes albopictus, что имеет последствия для Карибского бассейна, и перспективы Панамериканской организации здравоохранения.

Введение и очевидное заражение Aedes albopictus в штатах Залива Техаса и Луизианы в Соединенных Штатах Америки рассматривается в качестве самого уникального медицинского энтомологического явления этого десятилетия на Американском континенте. Последствия для Карибского бассейна и других стран на юге являются серьезными, поскольку место обитания, описанное для этого двоюродного брата Стегомии Аэ. Исследования, проведенные в Тихом океане и в регионах Юго-Восточной Азии, свидетельствуют о том, что Ae. albopiptus конкурирует за те же внутренние ниши, что и Ae. aegypti, и, как было установлено, явля

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The introduction and apparent infestation of Aedes albopictus into the Gulf States of Texas and Louisiana in the United States is viewed as … to be a competent vector of several dengue serotypes. In this presentation, a call is issued to the mosquito control and abatement programs in the Gulf States to take stringent measures to eliminate this new dengue vector before it becomes thoroughly established and spreads to other states as well as into countries of the Americas and into the West Indies.

Natural volatiles preventing mosquito biting: An integrated screening platform for accelerated discovery of ORco antagonists.

Insect olfactory receptors are heteromeric ligand-gated cation channels composed of an obligatory receptor subunit, ORco, and one of many variable subunits, ORx, in as yet undefined molar ratios. When expressed alone ex vivo, ORco forms homotetrameric channels gated by ORco-specific ligands acting as channel agonists. Using an insect cell-based system as a functional platform for expressing mosquito odorant receptors ex vivo, we identified small molecules of natural origin acting as specific ORco channel antagonists, orthosteric or allosteric relative to a postulated ORco agonist binding site,

Wolbachia-Conferred Antiviral Protection Is Determined by Developmental Temperature.

Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted bacterium that is widespread in arthropods and filarial nematodes and confers strong antiviral protection in Drosophila melanogaster and other arthropods. Wolbachia-transinfected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are currently being deployed to fight transmission of dengue and Zika viruses. However, the mechanism of antiviral protection and the factors influencing are still not fully understood. Here, we show that temperature modulates Wolbachia-conferred protection in Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature after infection directly impacts Drosophila C virus (DCV) re

Dynamics of data availability in disease modeling: An example evaluating the trade-offs of ultra-fine-scale factors applied to human West Nile virus disease models in the Chicago area, USA.

BACKGROUND: Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has moved rapidly across the United States, resulting in tens of thousands of human cases. Bot … ome of the highest numbers of human neuroinvasive cases of WNV in the United States. Despite active mosquito control efforts, there is consistent annual WNV presence, resulting in more than 285 confirmed WNV human cases and 20 deaths from the years 2014-2018 in Cook County alone. METHODS: A previous Chicago-area WNV model identified the fifty-five most high and l …

Cost-effectiveness of the use of vector control and mass drug administration, separately or in combination, against lymphatic filariasis.

The costs and effects of two intervention strategies for the control of bancroftian filariasis-annual mass drug administrations (MDA) with a combination of diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin, with or without integrated vector control (VC)-were estimated in rural villages in South India. The aim was to compare the cost-effectiveness of MDA alone with that of MDA plus VC. Control of the local vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, was based on the application of polystyrene beads to cesspits, the treatment of drains with larvicidal Bacillus sphaericus and the stocking of wells with larvivorous fish. An

Sex-ratio distorters enable pre-zygotic sexing for sex-specific transcriptomics in Anopheles gambiae embryos.

The study of sex establishment at the onset of development is difficult due to the absence of early morphological differences between male and female embryos. This challenge is particularly relevant in non-model organisms such as the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, where sex-determination mechanisms are not fully understood. We employed a pre-zygotic sexing (PZS) system based on synthetic sex-ratio distorters (X- and Y-shredders) to generate large-scale male- or female-biased embryo populations. Combining the PZS system with a hybrid long- and short-read RNA sequencing, we produced a compr

Outbreak of Dengue fever in Edo State, South-South, Nigeria: Case Series.

Dengue fever (DF) remains an emerging but underrecognized public health threat in Nigeria, often misdiagnosed as malaria or other acute febrile illnesses due to overlapping symptoms. This case series documents the first clinically and laboratory-confirmed outbreak of dengue in Edo State, Nigeria, between December 2024 and June 2025. Seven patients were diagnosed using RT-PCR atIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, with a mean age of 35 years (IQR: 22-45); four were females. The most common symptoms were general weakness (85.7%), headache (71.4%), and vomiting (71.4%), while fever occurred in onl

The global compendium of Aedes japonicus: An Underappreciated Arbovirus Vector of growing concerns.

The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901), is an invasive species and a competent vector for several arboviruses, including chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Field studies have also detected La Crosse virus in wild populations, further supporting its potential role in arbovirus transmission. To address the fragmented and incomplete state of knowledge regarding its spread, we have assembled a global dataset of documented presences from 1950 to 2025. This data descriptor presents a curated database of geolocated records

Chikungunya waves in 2025 signal risk of endemicity in China.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission in Guangdong, southern China, intensified markedly in 2025, with successive outbreak waves in Foshan and Jiangmen followed by wider dissemination across all 21 prefectures during a peak domestic travel period. By late 2025, more than 25,000 cases had been reported, suggesting a departure from the historically import-driven and geographically limited outbreaks previously observed in China. These observations raise the possibility of an early transition towards more sustained transmission, although repeated introductions followed by local amplification rema

Synthesis of U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1, an Aedes aegypti larvicidal disulfide bridged peptide from the Colombian tarantula Pamphobeteus verdolaga (Araneae: Theraphosidae).

The attention to the increased resistance of Aedes aegipty to traditional insecticides has been directed to the development of bioinsecticides, such as those produced by insect predators, e.g. spiders. Here we present the solid-phase synthesis of native U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1 (n-Pv1a_1) from Pamphobeteus verdolaga, an active (by contact) insecticidal peptide against A. aegipty. U-theraphotoxin-Pv1a_1 sequence was gathered from venom proteomics and venom gland transcriptomics of Pamphobeteus verdolaga, and synthesized by solid phase using the Fmoc strategy followed by dimethyl sulfoxide promote

Fatal Cerebral Malaria in a Returning Traveler: Challenges in Recognition, Treatment, and Resource Accessibility in the United States.

Malaria is a common febrile illness that can sometimes present as an acute potentially fatal disease if left undiagnosed or untreated. It is caused by an intra-erythrocytic infection from the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms are nonspecific, ranging from fevers, headache, malaise, myalgia, gastrointestinal distress to confusion, seizures or coma. Fever is the most characteristic feature of the illness and periodic febrile responses correspond to rupture of mature schizonts from erythrocytes. Diagnosis should be considered with anyone with fever of

From dengue to chikungunya: Guangdong as a sentinel for arboviral threats in East Asia.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, poses an escalating global public health threat due to its rapid geographic expansion and increasing outbreak frequency. While most infections present with acute fever and severe polyarthralgia, a significant proportion of patients develop chronic, disabling joint symptoms. Recent local transmission in subtropical urban regions of China, and particularly Guangdong Province, where over 4,800 cases were reported in Foshan alone by July 2025, highlights the virus's adaptability to new environments. Globally, over 220,000 cases and