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T-Type Calcium Channels: A Mixed Blessing.

The role of T-type calcium channels is well established in excitable cells, where they preside over action potential generation, automaticity, and firing. They also contribute to intracellular calcium signaling, cell cycle progression, and cell fate; and, in this sense, they emerge as key regulators also in non-excitable cells. In particular, their expression may be considered a prognostic factor in cancer. Almost all cancer cells express T-type calcium channels to the point that it has been considered a pharmacological target; but, as the drugs used to reduce their expression are not complete

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… Another chemotherapeutic agent that causes CIPN through a direct effect on Cav3.2 is the boronic acid dipeptidase 20S proteasome complex inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ). …

Advances in delivery methods of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) aqueous extract has massive amounts of natural products that can be used as future drugs, such as C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, etc. This extract was chosen because of its high adaptability, which reflects its resolute genetic composition. The proactive roles of cyanobacteria, particularly in the medical field, have been discussed in this review, including the history, previous food and drug administration (FDA) reports, health benefits and the various dose-dependent therapeutic functions that A. platensis possesses, including its role in fighting against

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… 33.00 mg/g Dihomogamma Linolenic 1.59 mg/g Omega 3 Alpha Linolenic 0.04 mg/g Docosahexaenoic 0.04 mg/g Palmitoleic 5.90 mg/g Oleic 0.50 mg/g Erucic 0.07 mg/g Moisture 4.0-5.0 % Minerals Calcium 1.68 mg/g Magnesium 2.55 mg/g Iron 0.52 mg/g Phosphorous 9.18 mg/g Potassium 18.30 mg/g Sodium 10.98 mg/g Boron …

Synthetic Flozins in Cancer Prevention and Combination Strategies: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

The growing number of cancer cases highlights the urgent need to develop new therapies based on effective molecules. Although anticancer activity remains a key element of oncological pharmacology, the importance of agents that support physiological functions and improve the quality of life of cancer patients is also recognised. Compounds that combine these two functions could represent a significant trend in oncology. Moreover, repurposing approved drugs for conditions beyond their original indications could be a promising strategy. An interesting example of this is synthetic flozins (SGLT2 in

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… Up today, glycosyl halides, gluconolactones, sugar epoxides, open-chain hemiketal derivatives, stannanes, boronate glycols, and anhydroglucose derivatives have been employed as sugar donors in flozin synthesis [ 32 ]. …

Translational Clinical Strategies for the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Tract Graft Versus Host Disease.

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major non-relapse complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, GVHD occurs in roughly half of patients following this therapy and can induce severe life-threatening side effects and premature mortality. The pathophysiology of GVHD is driven by alloreactive donor T cells that induce a proinflammatory environment to cause pathological damage in the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, lung, and liver during the acute phase of this disease. Recent work has demonstrated that the GI tract is a pivotal ta

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… Bortezomib, a boronic acid dipeptide derivative, was the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2003 ( 130 ) and was initially clinically approved as a therapy for multiple myeloma patients due to its growth-inhibitory and anti-apoptotic effects ( 131 …

Resveratrol and Cardiovascular Diseases.

The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the "French paradox". RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge (•)OH/O₂(•-) and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidati

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… The combination of these two substances was based on the fact that CF, a nutritional supplement that contains calcium, fructose and boron in a sugar-borate ester form, would stabilize RES degradation in the digestive tract and increase its anti-inflammatory properties. …

Systematic review of the tools and outcomes for the assessment of acute radiation dermatitis severity.

Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a common adverse effect experienced by patients undergoing radiation therapy. Effective assessment tools to accurately measure and manage ARD's impact on patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diverse tools and outcome measures used in the assessment of ARD. A systematic review of MEDLINE®, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted for records 1946-March 2024. A total of 423 studies, including 227 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in the analysis. The review identified 58 distinct tools

Engineering with Biomedical Sciences Changing the Horizon of Healthcare-A Review.

In the dynamic realm of healthcare, the convergence of engineering and biomedical sciences has emerged as a pivotal frontier. In this review we go into specific areas of innovation, including medical imaging and diagnosis, developments in biomedical sensors, and drug delivery systems. Wearable biosensors, non-wearable biosensors, and biochips, which include gene chips, protein chips, and cell chips, are all included in the scope of the topic that pertains to biomedical sensors. Extensive research is conducted on drug delivery systems, spanning topics such as the integration of computer modelin

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… Additionally, nonmetals and metalloids like silicon, phosphorous, boron, and carbon contribute to the synthesis of nanomaterials, either independently or in combination with metals to form composites [ 30 ]. … The sulfide-containing drug delivery systems, such as poly (propylene sulfide), selenium-containing, ferrocene-containing, boronic ester groups, etc., are among these classes [ 188 ]. Figure 7. …

Nano-formulations in disease therapy: designs, advances, challenges, and future directions.

Nano-formulations, as an innovative drug delivery system, offer distinct advantages in enhancing drug administration methods, improving bioavailability, promoting biodegradability, and enabling targeted delivery. By exploiting the unique size advantages of nano-formulations, therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, can be precisely reorganized at the microscale level. This modification not only facilitates the precise release of these agents but also significantly enhances their efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, thereby creating novel opportunities for treatment of a

Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Approach in Tumor Therapy.

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… Li Y, Wu Y, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Ding H, Ren L, Zhang L, Gong Q, Gu Z and Luo K (2024) Dendritic nanomedicine with boronate bonds for augmented chemo-immunotherapy via synergistic modulation of tumor immune microenvironment[J]. Advanced Materials 36(2), e2307263. 66. …

Targeted Delivery Strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Their Adverse Drug Reactions.

Currently, multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematopoietic system malignancy, known for its insidious onset and unfavorable prognosis. Recently developed chemotherapy drugs for MM have exhibited promising therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional clinical drug treatment, such as off-target effects, multiple drug resistance, and systemic toxicity, targeted drug delivery systems are optimizing the conventional pharmaceuticals for precise delivery to designated sites at controlled rates, striving for maximal efficacy and safety, presenting a promising appr

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… Researchers have developed hyaluronic-acid-coated, disulfide-crosslinked, boron-loaded biodegradable micelles (HA-CCMs-BP), demonstrating superior efficacy over free BP, achieving a maximum tumor inhibition rate of 81.8% in animal models [ 88 ]. …

Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells that may result in focal bone lesions, renal failure, anemia, and/or hypercalcemia. Recently, the diagnosis and treatment of MM have evolved due to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, improved risk stratification, and new treatments. The incorporation of new drugs, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, anti-CD38 antibodies and high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, has resulted in a significant improvement in

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… Bortezomib is a boronic acid dipeptide that binds to the chymotrypsin and caspase and inhibits its activities, causing myeloma cell destruction. 76 Carfilzomib and ixazomib are two next-generation PIs. 75 Carfilzomib, approved in 2012, irreversibly inhibits proteasome by binding to the β5 subunit. 77 …

Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Radionuclide Production, Radiochemistry, and Applications.

This review outlines the accomplishments and potential developments of targeted alpha (α) particle therapy (TAT). It discusses the therapeutic advantages of the short and highly ionizing path of α-particle emissions; the ability of TAT to complement and provide superior efficacy over existing forms of radiotherapy; the physical decay properties and radiochemistry of common α-emitters, including 225Ac, 213Bi, 224Ra, 212Pb, 227Th, 223Ra, 211At, and 149Tb; the production techniques and proper handling of α-emitters in a radiopharmacy; recent preclinical developments; ongoing and completed clinica

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… Several compounds that have been stable when labeled with 211 At include N-succinimidyl 3-(trimethylstannyl)benzoate and a boron cage compound [ 56 , 57 ]. 211 At can also be radiolabeled by adapting radioiodination chemistry using tin precursors and prosthetic groups [ 58 ]. 5.1.6. 149 Tb 149 Tb forms …

Структурный анализ процесса сбора света с помощью антенн, содержащих родопсины в морской архееи Асгарда.

Акватические бактериальные редопсиновые протонные насосы собирают световую энергию для фотогетертрофного роста и, как известно, содержат гидроксилированные каротеи, расширяющие волны используемого света, но они не характеризуются морской археей. Здесь, комбинируя морскую хромофорную экстракт с очищенными архейскими родопсинами, выявленными в морских метагеномах, мы показываем передачу легкой энергии из различных гидроксилоидных каротеоидных в геймдаллархаэ (HeimdallRs) из некультурных морских планктонных членов «Candidatus Cariarachaeceae» (Candidatus Asgardarchaeota). Эти светообрабатывающие

The emerging role of osteoclasts in the treatment of bone metastases: rationale and recent clinical evidence.

The occurrence of bone metastasis is a grave medical concern that substantially impacts the quality of life in patients with cancer. The precise mechanisms underlying bone metastasis remain unclear despite extensive research efforts, and efficacious therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. The ability of osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix makes them a crucial factor in the development of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts are implicated in several aspects of bone metastasis, encompassing the formation of premetastatic microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, and reactivation o

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… Exp Mol Med . ( 2020 ) 52 : 1239–54 . doi: 10.1038/S12276-020-0484-Z PMC8080670 32801364 82 Bouyer P Sakai H Itokawa T Kawano T Fulton CM Boron WF . Colony-stimulating factor-1 increases osteoclast intracellular pH and promotes survival via the electroneutral Na/HCO3 cotransporter NBCn1 . …

Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving pathogenesis, multimodal diagnostics, and principles of treatment.

Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clin

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… The second-generation boronic acid dipeptide proteasome inhibitor Ixaxomib exhibits significantly enhanced tumor protease inhibition abilities. …

Curcumin Nanoparticles as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Drug Targets.

Curcuma longa is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of Curcuma longa is curcumin and has gained importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biolo

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… A review by [ 96 ] summarized that curcumin perfectly fits in the active site of the enzyme protease and when tested on a silico model, a complex of curcumin and boron showed that it had a therapeutic effect against HIV as it binds to different sites of the substrate-binding cavity of protease. …

The various therapeutic applications of the medical isotope holmium-166: a narrative review.

Over the years, a broad spectrum of applications of the radionuclide holmium-166 as a medical isotope has been established. The isotope holmium-166 is attractive as it emits high-energy beta radiation which can be used for a therapeutic effect and gamma radiation which can be used for nuclear imaging purposes. Furthermore, holmium-165 can be visualized by MRI because of its paramagnetic properties and by CT because of its high density. Since holmium-165 has a natural abundance of 100%, the only by-product is metastable holmium-166 and no costly chemical purification steps are necessary for pro

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… Kraft et al. studied the therapeutic effect of 166 Ho-labelled boron macroaggregates. In this study, 17 knees of 15 human patients with chronic synovitis were treated with a mean activity of 972 MBq. Only an insignificant leakage of radiopharmaceuticals was observed. …

Biomarkers in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders: proteins, lipids, and inhibodies.

A biomarker is an analyte indicating the presence of a biological process linked to the clinical manifestations and outcome of a particular disease. In the case of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), primary and secondary accumulating metabolites or proteins specifically secreted by storage cells are good candidates for biomarkers. Clinical applications of biomarkers are found in improved diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing therapeutic correction. These are illustrated by reviewing the discovery and use of biomarkers for Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. In addition, rece

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… By coupling a fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety via a triazole linker to cyclophellitol, extremely potent fluorescent suicide inhibitors for glucocerebrosidase were generated (Witte et al. 2010 ). …

Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures.

Vertebral compression fractures are becoming increasingly common with aging of the population; minimally invasive materials play an essential role in treating these fractures. However, the unacceptable processing-performance relationships of materials and their poor osteoinductive performance have limited their clinical application. In this review, we describe the advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures and enumerate the types of bone cement commonly used in current practice. We also discuss the limitations of the materials themselves, and

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… Numerous researchers have prepared novel BGs that release boron and strontium ions, which create an alkaline environment; this is of particular significance in the treatment of osteoporotic VCFs. …

Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of Carfilzomib-Based Regimens for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review.

Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a proteasome inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Multiple trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The use of CFZ-based two- or three-drug combination regimens as induction for the management of NDMM is an emerging approach. CFZ-based regimens include combinations of immunomodulators, alkylating agents, and monoclonal antibodies along with dexamethasone. In this review, we assess the efficacy and toxicity of CFZ-based regimens in NDMM. We reviewed a tota

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… with significant neuropathy. 4 Carfilzomib (CFZ), a second-generation PI, generates more potent anti-myeloma activity with relatively deeper and more sustained therapeutic effects. 7 CFZ with its tetrapeptide epoxyketone structure binds irreversibly with proteasomes, whereas bortezomib, a dipeptide boronate …