Результаты поиска

Выявление биомаркеров для ремилеляции и восстановления при многоразовом склерозе: показатель прогресса.

Фон: Множественная патология склероза (MS) характеризуется острым и хроническим воспалением, обезвоживанием, аксоновой травмой и нейродегенерацией. После десятилетий исследований по проблеме дегенерации, связанной с НР, недавние усилия сместились в направлении восстановления и предотвращения дальнейшего ущерба. Одним из ключевых направлений деятельности является процесс ремиэлизации, в рамках которого исследователи изучают воздействие фармакотерапии на механизмы ремонта миелина. Множественные соединения испытываются на предмет их способности содействовать воссоединению в различных клинических

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The MWF model for studying myelin is based on the principle of different relaxation times for the water trapped within myelin layers (myelin water) and the water in other compartments, such as the intracellular and extracellular spaces [ 29 ]. …

Unexpected and Deadly: Three Cases of Bone Marrow Necrosis.

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare pathological diagnosis, with an incidence of 0.3% to 2%. It is most often associated with hematological malignancies and less commonly due to solid tumors, infections, medications, sickle cell disease, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or idiopathic causes. We reviewed bone marrow biopsies performed in our institution from 2009 to 2019 and found three cases of BMN. Two cases were secondary to neoplastic causes, while the third one was possibly from alcohol abuse.

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Performing a bone marrow biopsy is definitive, showing amorphous and eosinophilic material dispersed in extracellular spaces, rare cells with poorly delimited cytoplasmic membranes, irregular nuclei, and shrunken cytoplasm. …

Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that may scavenge reactive oxygen species preventing DNA damage and other effects important in cancer transformation. Dietary vitamin C from natural sources is taken with other compounds affecting its bioavailability and biological effects. High pharmacological doses of vitamin C may induce prooxidant effects, detrimental for cancer cells. An oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate, is transported through glucose transporters, and cancer cells switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in energy production so an excess of vitamin C may limit glucose tr

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Figure 3 Vitamin C may differently produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood and the extracellular space. … Figure 4 Vitamin C is oxidized in the extracellular space to dehydroascorbate (DHA) that is taken up by cancer cells via glucose transporters such as GLUT1. …

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in rapidly progressing cardiac amyloidosis: a literature review based on case report.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac amyloidosis is a rarely reported and potentially fatal variant of the systemic disease. Its early diagnosis could potentially lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old female presented with dyspnea and palpitations. Her physical exam and non-invasive evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the bone marrow biopsy results showed systemic amyloidosis. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is not always straightforward, and delay can cause the progression of the di

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… It leads to the deposition of insoluble proteins in the extracellular space and can have several different manifestations [ 1 , 2 ]. … Role of echocardiogram in the differentiation of cardiac amyloidosis from other cardiovascular diseases The deposition of abnormally shaped proteins in the extracellular space of the myocardium can also be presented in non-invasive imaging such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging …

Cardiac amyloidosis: From diagnosis to therapeutics breakthroughs.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy resulting from the deposition of misfolded amyloid fibrils in the myocardium and heart valves, with the main forms being amyloid light-chain (AL), transthyretin-related (ATTR) (wild-type or hereditary), and amyloid A amyloidosis. Although historically underdiagnosed, recent advances in non-invasive imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy have significantly improved its recognition. This review outlines the current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic advancements in CA, emphasizin

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… INTRODUCTION Amyloidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid fibrils and their deposition in extracellular spaces. Those amyloid fibrils are the result of self-aggregated misfolded proteins. …

Exosomes: A new option for osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles, structures originating from the plasma membrane and ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm in diameter, play an important role in intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These ca

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Late intranuclear bodies and MVBs can also fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their ILV into the extracellular space as exosomes. [ 12 ] Exosome formation is a biological process regulated by multiple signaling pathways. … Exosomes are secreted into the extracellular space and taken up by target cells to mediate cellular responses through different pathways and alter the physiological functions of the target cells. …

A new four-area method for evaluating biochemical changes in lumbar facet joint degeneration on T2* mapping.

PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of a new four-area method for evaluating biochemical changes in lumbar facet joint (LFJ) degeneration on T2* mapping. METHODS: LFJ degeneration was morphologically graded on T2-weighted imaging using the Weishaupt system. T2* value of LFJ was measured on T2* mapping using both all-inclusive and four-area methods. Inter-observer reliability for continuous and categorical variables was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa value, respectively. The correlation between continuous variables and ordered categorical variabl

The Glycocalyx and Its Role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases.

PurposeIn 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121-167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic vascular physiology and (B) vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper.MethodsA literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in tumorigenesis and the development of cancer drug resistance.

One of the greatest obstacles to current cancer treatment efforts is the development of drug resistance by tumors. Despite recent advances in diagnostic practices and surgical interventions, many neoplasms demonstrate poor response to adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis for many patients afflicted with these aggressive cancers remains bleak. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis has been shown to play critical role in the development and progression of various tumors. Many basic science and translational studies have shown that IGF pathw

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The activity of IGF ligands is modulated by IGFBPs through direct binding in the extracellular space. IGFBPs also exert several IGF-independent effects via direct interaction with cell membrane-bound proteins, such as integrins. Figure 1 Schematic of IGF signaling and major downstream effects. … The activity of IGF ligands is modulated by IGFBPs through direct binding in the extracellular space. IGFBPs also exert several IGF-independent effects via direct interaction with cell membrane-bound proteins, such as integrins. …

Fighting the Host Reaction to SARS-COv-2 in Critically Ill Patients: The Possible Contribution of Off-Label Drugs.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COv-2) is the etiologic agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID19). The majority of infected people presents flu like symptoms and among them 15-20% develops a severe interstitial pneumonitis (IP) that may eventually evolve in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IP is caused by the viral glycoprotein spike (S) binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed on the surface of alveolar pneumocytes. The virus is recognized by the "pattern recognition receptors" (PRR) of the immune cells that release cytokines a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The virus enters in the host target cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and quickly replicates; virus release in the extracellular space occurs through either budding or cell death. In the extracellular space the virus is recognized by the PRR of immune cells ( 6 ). …

CD4-Positive T-Cell Responses to MOG Peptides in MOG Antibody-Associated Disease.

To clarify T-cell responses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), we cultured the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 24 patients with MOGAD and 20 with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and those of 17 healthy controls (HCs), in the presence of fourteen MOG peptides covering the full-length MOG, five AQP4 peptides, two myelin basic protein peptides, or two proteolipid protein peptides. Then, we measured T-cell activation markers, such as cell surface CD69 and the intracellular production of granu

Унификация одиссеи: искусственный интеллект для диагностирования и лечения редких заболеваний.

Подытожить текущие проблемы в диагностике и лечении редких заболеваний (РД), осветить последние достижения в области искусственного интеллекта (АИ) для РД и предложить модель будущего состояния лечения пациентов РД. Многодисциплинарный экспертный обзор с кратким изложением современных практических задач и мер по ограничению ставок в области РД-клиентов с учетом ключевых клинических и исследовательских соображений в отношении нормативных и экономических ограничений. 10,000 известные РД оказывают коллективное воздействие 1 В 10 Американцы, в целом 30 million Люди. Ежегодно на РД приходится свыше

Recurrent Pleural Effusions in an Elderly Female Patient With Renal Amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis is a rare and severe disease process that is often systemic in nature. Clinical presentations of patients include involvement of various organ systems such as the kidneys, heart, and lungs. As such, presentations of amyloidosis can be peculiar and can greatly mimic other conditions, making diagnosis very difficult. Delays in diagnosis or misdiagnoses can lead to significant morbidity and great potential for multi-organ dysfunctions. We describe the case of an elderly female patient without a known cardiac history who presented to the emergency department with increasing shortness o

Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac imaging in amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease caused by extracellular protein deposition that has accumulated a lot of scientific production in recent years. Different types of amyloidosis can affect the heart. Transthyretin amyloidosis and light chain amyloidosis are the two most common types of cardiac amyloidosis. These entities have a poor prognosis, so accurate diagnostic techniques are imperative for determining an early therapeutic approach. Recent advances in cardiac imaging and diagnostic strategies show that these tools are safe and can avoid the use of invasive diagnostic techniques to his

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The gadolinium presents a rapid clearance from the intravascular space into the extracellular space. Thus the myocardial signal becomes hyperintense before the blood pool signal, unlike healthy patients. It is difficult to acquire and correctly interpret LGE images. …

ENHANZE® drug delivery technology: a novel approach to subcutaneous administration using recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20

ENHANZE® drug delivery technology is based on the proprietary recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 enzyme (rHuPH20; Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.) that facilitates the subcutaneous (SC) delivery of co-administered therapeutics. rHuPH20 works by degrading the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which plays a role in resistance to bulk fluid flow in the SC space, limiting large volume SC drug delivery, dispersion, and absorption. Co-administration of rHuPH20 with partner therapies can overcome administration time and volume barriers associated with existing SC therapeutic formulations, and has been

"Bioinspired" Membrane-Coated Nanosystems in Cancer Theranostics: A Comprehensive Review.

Achieving precise cancer theranostics necessitates the rational design of smart nanosystems that ensure high biological safety and minimize non-specific interactions with normal tissues. In this regard, "bioinspired" membrane-coated nanosystems have emerged as a promising approach, providing a versatile platform for the development of next-generation smart nanosystems. This review article presents an in-depth investigation into the potential of these nanosystems for targeted cancer theranostics, encompassing key aspects such as cell membrane sources, isolation techniques, nanoparticle core sel

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Extracellular Vesicles Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, anucleated, and dynamic membranous particles present in the extracellular space, blood, and different body fluids. … Upon their release into the extracellular space and entry into circulation, these vesicles have the capacity to transfer their cargo to adjacent or distant cells, leading to phenotypical and functional alterations [ 56 ]. …

Exploiting the message from cancer: the diagnostic value of extracellular vesicles for clinical applications.

Liquid biopsy is indispensable for the resolution of current medical issues, such as the cost of developing new drugs and predicting responses of patients to drugs. In this sense, not only the technology for liquid biopsy but also the target biomolecules for biomarkers need to be identified. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various proteins, including membrane-bound proteins, and RNAs, including mRNA and long/short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as ideal targets for liquid biopsy. These complex biomolecules are covered by a lipid bilayer, which can protect them from degradation. In th

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Thus, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) has decided to use the term ‘EVs’ as an umbrella term for all types of vesicles that exist in the extracellular space, including exosomes, microvesicles, ectosomes, oncosomes, tolerosomes and prostasomes 11 – 16 (Fig. 1 ). …

Adverse events of antibody-drug conjugates on the ocular surface in cancer therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugates consist of a monoclonal antibody attached to a cytotoxic therapeutic molecule by a connector. This association allows a highly specific therapy, which increases their effectiveness and decreases their potential toxicity. This new therapy emerged approximately 20 years ago; since then, numerous combinations have appeared in the field of treatment-related neoplasms as an alternative for patients who do not achieve good results with conventional treatment options. Adverse effects of these drugs on the ocular surface are frequent and varied. Their prevalence ranges from 20

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Free payloads can enter the extracellular space by passive diffusion due to the permeability of the cell membrane or high lipophilicity of the payloads or be released because of the loss of cell integrity after cell death. …

Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Myeloma side population cells by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, which is still incurable and relapses inevitably, highlighting further understanding of the possible mechanisms. Side population (SP) cells are a group of enriched progenitor cells showing stem-like phenotypes with a distinct low-staining pattern with Hoechst 33342. Compared to main population (MP) cells, the underlying molecular characteristics of SP cells remain largely unclear. This bioinformatics analysis aimed to identify key genes and pathways in myeloma SP cells to provide novel biomarkers, predict MM

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In the CCs group, the up-regulated DEGs were significantly involved in plasma membrane, integral component of membrane and extracellular space. In addition, down-regulated genes were largely enriched in the extracellular exosome and hemoglobin complex. … space | 48 | 1.22E-06 | CC | GO:0042581 | specific granule | 6 | 1.47E-06 | CC | GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | 46 | 2.27E-05 | MF | GO:0030246 | carbohydrate binding | 12 | 4.29E-04 | MF | GO:0005509 | calcium ion binding | 24 | 1.91E-03 | MF | GO:0050544 | arachidonic acid …

CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas.

Treatment for malignant primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma, remains a significant challenge despite advances in therapy. CAR-T cell immunotherapy represents a promising alternative to conventional treatments. This review discusses the landscape of clinical trials for CAR-T cell therapy targeting brain tumors, highlighting key advancements like novel target antigens and combinatorial strategies designed to address tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression, with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with these aggressive cancers.