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A differential diagnostic model based on immunological evaluation and routine laboratory tests: distinguishing multiple myeloma from other disorders with aberrant immunoglobulin elevation.

ObjectiveDevelop a diagnostic model using common hematological and immunological indicators to assist in the early screening and differential diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma (MM) in clinical settings, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 274 newly diagnosed and treated MM patients and 137 connective tissue disease patients treated at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2008 to August 2023. Laboratory indicators, including complete blood count, biochemistry, coagulation function, and immunoglobulin markers, were collected. The cohort wa

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… Beyond laboratory indicators, some research has employed PET and CT imaging radiomics features to differentiate bone metastasis from MM, exhibiting more refined discriminatory diagnostic efficacy [ 59 ]. … Radiomic analysis of Positron-Emission tomography and computed tomography images to differentiate between multiple myeloma and skeletal metastases. Indian J Nuclear Medicine: IJNM: Official J Soc Nuclear Med India. 2022;37:217–26. 60. …

Correlation analysis of serum CCL3, TRACP-5b, and sclerostin with the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinical use of Sclerostin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and serum C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) levels in assessing the health and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: A total of 250 patients with multiple myeloma who visited the hospital between January 2023 and December 2024 were included as the observation group, while 150 healthy individuals evaluated during the same period served as the control group. Serum levels of CCL3, TRACP-5b, and Sclerostin were measured and compared in the observation group before and aft

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… Zhong H, Huang D, Wu J, Chen X, Chen Y, Huang C. 18F FDG PET/CT based radiomics features improve prediction of prognosis: multiple machine learning algorithms and multimodality applications for multiple myeloma. BMC Med Imaging. 2023;Jun 274; 23(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12880-023-01033-2. 19. …

Nanoparticles and bone microenvironment: a comprehensive review for malignant bone tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Malignant bone tumors, which are difficult to treat with current clinical strategies, originate from bone tissues and can be classified into primary and secondary types. Due to the specificity of the bone microenvironment, the results of traditional means of treating bone tumors are often unsatisfactory, so there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for malignant bone tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-based approaches have shown great potential in diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their versatility, making them highly suitable for applica

Beyond boundaries: unraveling innovative approaches to combat bone-metastatic cancers.

Evidence demonstrated that bones, liver, and lungs are the most common metastasis sites in some human malignancies, especially in prostate and breast cancers. Bone is the third most frequent target for spreading tumor cells among these organs and tissues. Patients with bone-metastatic cancers face a grim prognosis characterized by short median survival time. Current treatments have proven insufficient, as they can only inhibit metastasis or tumor progression within the bone tissues rather than providing a curative solution. Gaining a more profound comprehension of the interplay between tumor c

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… The radiomics nomogram is another technique that combines the multi-parametric MRI-based radiomics signature and clinical risk factors, promoting personalized estimation of bone metastases in newly diagnosed patients with prostate cancer ( 110 ). …

Brown adipose tissue is associated with reduced weight loss and risk of cancer cachexia: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been mainly investigated as a potential target against cardiometabolic disease, but it has also been linked to cancer-related outcomes. Although preclinical data support that BAT and the thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue may play an adverse role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, results from studies in patients have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship between presence of detectable BAT, changes in body weight, and cachexia in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that

Предсказующие факторы накопления ранней инвалидности в недавно диагностированном множественном склерозе: клинические, визуальные и цереброспинные меры.

Усиливающийся арсенал вариантов лечения для повторного склероза (RMS) подчеркивает необходимость раннего прогнозирования биомаркеров. Несмотря на наличие данных для отдельных маркеров, всеобъемлющий анализ на момент диагностики носит ограниченный характер. МЕТОДЫ: Число повреждений мозга и спинного мозга, параметры цереброспинной жидкости, первоначальные симптомы и оценка расширенной шкалы инвалидности (EDSS) были определены в момент диагностики. Подтвержденное накопление инвалидности, определяемое как устойчивое увеличение ЕДСС по сравнению с 6 месяцев, были определены в течение 5-year Послед

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… MM was supported by research grant 428223038 of the German Research Foundation, DFG Priority Programme 2177, Radiomics: Next Generation of Biomedical Imaging. Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. Patient consent for publication: Not applicable. …

Artificial intelligence across the cancer care continuum.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential to enhance various aspects of oncology, spanning the cancer care continuum. This review provides an overview of current and emerging AI applications, from risk assessment and early detection to treatment and supportive care. AI-driven tools are being developed to integrate diverse data sources, including multi-omics and electronic health records, to improve cancer risk stratification and personalize prevention strategies. In screening and diagnosis, AI algorithms show promise in augmenting the accuracy and efficiency of medical image ana

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… patients with breast cancer before it became clinically evident, showcasing an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.701–0.854). 113 In oropharyngeal cancers, a systematic review demonstrated that combining longitudinal PROs (dysphagia, xerostomia, and pain) with radiomics … Personalized risk prediction for breast cancer pre‐screening using artificial intelligence and thermal radiomics . Artif Intell Med . 2020 ; 105 : 101854 . doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101854 32505418 4 Arefan D , Mohamed AA , Berg WA , Zuley ML , Sumkin JH , Wu S . …

A Nomogram for Predicting Risk of Thromboembolism in Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to develop and validate a novel nomogram to predict thromboembolism (TE) in gastric cancer (GC) patients receiving chemotherapy and to test its predictive ability. Methods: This retrospective study included 544 GC patients who received chemotherapy as the initial treatment at two medical centers. Among the 544 GC patients who received chemotherapy, 275 and 137 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2014 to March 2019 were enrolled in the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. A total of 132 patients i

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… Radiomics analysis of multiparametric MRI for the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Front Oncol. (2020) 10:1393. 10.3389/fonc.2020.01393 14. Zhu M, Cao B, Li X, Li P, Wen Z, Ji J, et al. …

Companion Diagnostics in Clinical Therapy: Current Applications and Future Directions.

Companion diagnostics (CDx) plays a pivotal role in precision medicine by enabling personalized treatment plans based on individual biomarker profiles. This approach can enhance therapeutic efficacy in selected indications and may reduce healthcare expenditures. Particularly in oncology, precision targeted therapies targeting pathways such as EGFR, HER2, and programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 have established robust models for biomarker-driven treatment. However, rapid advancements in diagnostic technologies, expanding application scopes, and increasingly complex mechanisms of biomar

Моделирование и нацеливание враждебной физико-химической ниши в метастазе костей: от экспериментальных платформ до нишевой терапии.

Метастаз рака до костей формируется не только из-за перекрестка опухолей, но и из-за враждебной физико-химической ниши, которая способствует стойкости к болезням и терапевтической недостаточности. Гипоксия, кислотность, минерализированная матричная архитектура, изменённая механика, интерстициальное давление, дисфункция перфузии и ограниченный перенос наркотиков влияют на метастатическое семя, общность, реактивацию, реконструкцию, боль и реакцию на лечение. Обычные two- размерные культуры и многие упрощенные three- размерные системы воспроизводят только отдельные особенности этой среды, часто п

When Cancer Clots: An Extensive Radiologic Analysis of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancy, yet its imaging manifestations extend far beyond the conventional diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This comprehensive review examines the full spectrum of CAT as encountered by radiologists, from routine venous thromboembolism to unusual-site thromboses, arterial thromboembolic events, catheter-related complications, and endovascular management strategies. Patients with cancer face a four- to seven-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared with the

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… Large Language Models Large language models (LLMs), appear to be a versatile tool in radiology, with applications extending substantially beyond image interpretation and radiomics into integration of clinical history, knowledge retrieval and consequent decision support [ 86 , 87 ]. … Tumor Thrombus | Radiologist assessment (enhancement, DWI, SUVmax) | Radiomics texture analysis | Objective quantitative features CAT risk prediction | Khorana score (AUROC 0.57–0.65) | ML models with imaging biomarkers (AUROC 0.71–0.74) | Incorporates imaging data Workflow efficiency | Fixed order of …

Current Management and the New Paradigm for ALK+ NSCLC After CROWN.

The 7-year update of the phase 3 CROWN study is the most impressive milestone in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since the discovery of the oncogene 20 years ago and inaugurates an entire new paradigm. The progression-free survival (PFS) plateau at a high level > 50%, with an estimated very low annual progression rate < 2% after the third year, suggests that lorlatinib can inactivate the disease in most patients. The complete abrogation of on-target resistance abolishes ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sequencing and will seriously impact future drug dev

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… Functional imaging with PET/CT, radiomic studies with novel machine-learning algorithms, and ctDNA monitoring using highly sensitive minimal-residual disease (MRD) assays may provide early predictors and surrogates for the achievement of a PFS plateau in the future [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. 2.4. … Application of Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence for Lung Cancer Precision Medicine Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2021 11 a039537 10.1101/cshperspect.a039537 33431509 PMC8288444 53. Wang Y. Shao W. Li H. Zhao P. Tian L. Zhang L. Lan S. Zhong R. Zhang S. Cheng Y. …

Алгоритмы машинного обучения для виртуального раннего обнаружения и выявления нейродегенеративных и нейрокогнитивных расстройств: систематический обзор.

Происхождение и аналоговые расстройства (например, болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона) приводят к нейронной потере; нейрокогнитивные расстройства (например, бред, слабоумие) свидетельствуют о когнитивном упадке. Раннее обнаружение имеет решающее значение для эффективного управления. Машинное обучение помогает в более точном выявлении заболеваний, потенциально преобразуя медицинское обслуживание. В рамках этого всеобъемлющего систематического обзора обсуждается вопрос о том, каким образом машинное обучение (ML) может способствовать раннему выявлению этих расстройств, превосходя при этом тр

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… Peng et al. ( 82 ) | 2021 | China | This research aimed to develop radiomics models using different machine learning methods to forecast the evolution of unenhanced Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions and identify the best model. | 36 patients with MS | Multiple Sclerosis | three machine learning classifiers … , including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) | The best prediction performance was for the SVM classifier with ReliefF | The outcomes showed that the machine learning model based on radiomics could forecast how MS lesions will change over time. …

Bone marrow biopsy in geriatric patients above the age of 85 years: invaluable or unnecessary? A retrospective analysis.

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is a well-established diagnostic tool for various hematological, oncological, and other medical conditions. However, treatment options for geriatric patients (pts) facing these diseases are often constrained. In this single-center, retrospective analysis we assessed the diagnostic value of BMB in geriatric pts aged ≥ 85 years and examined its impact on therapeutic decisions. We examined 156 BMB procedures in 129 pts, extracting data from the electronic patient records and applying descriptive statistical methods. Nearly half of the primary diagnostic procedures (26; 44

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… Han EJ, O JH, Yoon H, Ha S, Yoo IR, Min JW, Choi JI, Choi BO, Park G, Lee HH, Jeon YW, Min GJ, Cho SG (2022) Comparison of FDG PET/CT and Bone Marrow Biopsy Results in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Subgroup Analysis of PET Radiomics. …

От прогнозирования к вмешательству: Искусственный интеллект для адаптивного реагирования и моделирования токсичности в клеточной терапии для гематологовых злодеяний.

Гематологическая магнелезность, включая острую лейкемию миэлоида, миэлодипластические синдромы, лимфому и множественную миелому, характеризуется глубокой биологической гетерогенностью и высокодинамичными траекториями лечения, которые традиционные статические прогнозирующие системы неполно улавливают. Клеточная терапия, такая, как химерик антигенная рецепторная терапия Т-клеток и трансплантация стволовых клеток с гематополией, предлагает потенциально лечебные варианты для рецидива или рефракторного заболевания, однако результаты остаются весьма различными, а управленческие решения, касающиеся и

Evaluating the triglyceride glucose index as a predictive biomarker for osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a common condition among individuals with type 2 diabetes; however, the relationship between insulin resistance, as measured by the Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), and osteoporosis has not been sufficiently explored. This study seeks to address this research gap by investigating the diagnostic value of TyG in identifying osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 207 diabetic subjects (83 in the osteoporosis group, 124 in the non-osteoporosis group), using SPSS version 27.0 and MedCalc 23 fo

Пример MobileNetV2-Based Искусственный интеллект для быстрого и точного диагностирования множественных склерозов

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, которое сильно влияет на молодых людей из-за его изнурительной природы. Патогенез болезни сосредоточен на воспалении и процессах нейродегенерации. Воспаление ассоциируется с рецидивами, в то время как нейродегенерация возникает на прогрессивных стадиях болезни. Для диагностики MS обычно используется магнитно-резонансная съемка (MRI), и имеются такие руководящие принципы, как критерии McDonald. МРТ является важным инструментом для демонстрации пространственного распределения и изменений во времени в э

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… In their proposed CNN model, an 82.4% accuracy was obtained with the α-radiomics classifier. Acar et al. [ 27 ] diagnosed MS using the 3D discrete wavelet transform method from 3D MR imagery. The dataset consisted of 3D MR images from 40 patients. …

Prognostic value of low muscle mass at the 12th thoracic vertebral level in multiple myeloma treated with transplantation: CAREMM-2101 study.

PurposeAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been introduced as a standard treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) following novel agent-based induction chemotherapy. This study investigated whether pre-ASCT low muscle mass evaluated using the paraspinal muscle index (PMI) at the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12) level is a reliable prognostic marker in NDMM after chemotherapy.MethodsA multi-center registry database was retrospectively analyzed. Between 2009 and 2020, 190 patients with chest computed tomography images underwent frontline ASCT following inductio

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… A board-certified radiologist with nine years of experience, who was blinded to the clinical information, drew the region of interest using a semi-automated contouring tool available in a non-commercial prototype software (RADIOMICS, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) for all three centers’ cases …

Immunodiagnosis - the promise of personalized immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy showed remarkable efficacy in several cancer types. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Evaluating tumor heterogeneity and immune status before treatment is key to identifying patients that are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, and race), immune status, and specific biomarkers all contribute to response to immunotherapy. A comprehensive immunodiagnostic model integrating all these three dimensions by artificial intelligence would provide valuable information for predicting treatment response. H

Decoding the mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis: paving the way for precision therapeutics.

The development of brain metastasis is a major cause of significantly reduced survival in breast cancer patients. The initiation and progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) involve multiple distinct molecular pathways and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review systematically summarizes key mechanisms underlying BCBM, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of metabolic reprogramming regulated by critical signaling pathways during brain colonization. In particular, we highlight