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Bacterial growth state distinguished by single-cell protein profiling: does chlorination kill coliforms in municipal effluent?

Municipal effluent is the largest reservoir of human enteric bacteria. Its public health significance, however, depends upon the physiological status of the wastewater bacterial community. A novel immunofluorescence assay was developed and used to examine the bacterial growth state during wastewater disinfection. Quantitative levels of three highly conserved cytosolic proteins (DnaK, Dps, and Fis) were determined by using enterobacterium-specific antibody fluorochrome-coupled probes. Enterobacterial Fis homologs were abundant in growing cells and nearly undetectable in stationary-phase cells.

Sources, pathways, and relative risks of contaminants in surface water and groundwater: a perspective prepared for the Walkerton inquiry.

On a global scale, pathogenic contamination of drinking water poses the most significant health risk to humans, and there have been countles … nclude industrial effluents (pulp and paper mills, steel plants, food processing plants), municipal sewage treatment plants and combined sewage-storm-water overflows, resource extraction (mining), and land disposal sites (landfill sites, industrial impoundments). Non-point-source pollution, in contrast, originates from poorly defined, diffuse sources tha …

Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

The world is facing a pandemic of unseen proportions caused by a corona virus named SARS-CoV-2 with unprecedent worldwide measures being taken to tackle its contagion. Person-to-person transmission is accepted but WHO only considers aerosol transmission when procedures or support treatments that produce aerosol are performed. Transmission mechanisms are not fully understood and there is evidence for an airborne route to be considered, as the virus remains viable in aerosols for at least 3 h and that mask usage was the best intervention to prevent infection. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditi

Acinetobacter bereziniae sp. nov. and Acinetobacter guillouiae sp. nov., to accommodate Acinetobacter genomic species 10 and 11, respectively.

Acinetobacter genospecies (genomic species) 10 and 11 were described by Bouvet and Grimont in 1986 on the basis of DNA-DNA reassociation studies and comprehensive phenotypic analysis. In the present study, the names Acinetobacter bereziniae sp. nov. and Acinetobacter guillouiae sp. nov., respectively, are proposed for these genomic species based on the congruence of results of polyphasic analysis of 33 strains (16 and 17 strains of genomic species 10 and 11, respectively). All strains were investigated by selective restriction fragment amplification (i.e. AFLP) analysis rpoB sequence analysis,

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-2-Producing Salmonella Serotypes from Clinical and Nonhuman Isolates in Brazil.

We characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) enzymes among Salmonella strains isolated in Brazil from 2009 to 2014. Salmonella recovered from both clinical and nonhuman (food, poultry, and environment) sources were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. β-lactamases genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction/sequencing; plasmid profiles and transferability were assessed by S1-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genetic diversity was evaluated by XbaI-PFGE. Out of 630 Salmonella strains screened, 46 displayed ESBL phenotype, distributed across 11 different serot

A method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthy human stool: a validation study.

BACKGROUND: Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns about transmission through faecal microbiota transplantation procedures. Valid … CoV-2 RNA in human stool, with potential uses in faecal microbiota transplantation donor screening, sewage monitoring, and further research into the effects of faecal shedding on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic. FUNDING: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health; Center for Biologics Evaluation and …

Foodborne disease and food control in the Gulf States.

Gulf States in the Middle East have had to change rapidly from subsidence herding, farming and fishing communities to modern states through the exploitation of revenue-generating petroleum products. Fresh water is an even more precious commodity than oil today as this is seen as a rapidly diminishing resource through over use of aquifers with scarce and unpredictable rainfall not replenishing the needs of these countries which increasing rely on reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination of seawater but at a cost in terms of energy. Recycling of waste water and sewage is carried out and used to water u…

[Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Multiple Environmental Media Around a Waste Incineration Plant in Jiangxi, China].

Heavy metals surrounding waste incineration plants undergo cross-media migration and enrich in the soil-water system, resulting in a systema … ater. The contents (or concentrations) of the other six heavy metals except Cr were higher near the sewage outlet and in the lower reaches of the river, among which the influence of As was the most obvious, which may have been related to the industrial activities of the waste incineration plant. The heavy metals in the soil mainly came from industrial so …

[Rotaviruses in human and veterinary medicine].

Rotaviruses are the commonest cause of diarrhea and are responsible for more than 25% of all deaths from diarrhea worldwide. Children become … cuses on avoiding fecal contamination. This is achieved by ensuring high standards of food hygiene, sewage treatment and chlorinated running water and by introducing vaccination when vaccines become available. Recombinant animal (bovine or simian) and human rotaviruses are currently being tested in phase III studies. Attenuated live human viruses, includ …

[Simultaneous determination of 61 hormones in water by solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Concerns over the emergence of steroid hormones as pollutants in water have grown. Steroid hormone compounds present challenges in the simul … levels in water, and suggestions were made for the targeted treatment of hormone residues in future sewage treatment processes.

[Branch-specific detection of phenols and assessment of ground water solubility].

There are about 500 technically relevant phenolic compounds such as cresols, chlorophenols or nitrophenols. It is most preferable to determi … s or mineral oils are possible. Input of phenols on agricultural lands can be caused by pesticides, sewage sludge or manure. The groundwater downstream of landfills often contains phenol, chlorophenols, cresols, and xylenols. The formation of phenol from other organic contaminants as benzene in groundwater has been reported. The potential for mobilizatio …

Cancer prevention programmes in Mexico: are we doing enough?

Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched through the Mexican government web pages and cancer prevention programmes to tackle the risk factors in the population. The Mexican government, a member of the World Health Organization, shows that the main approach is an early diagnosis rather than prevention, forgetting that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Effective public programmes should be promoted to reduce preventable risk factors in the population (

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… For that purpose, chromium is dealt with by the NMX-AA-044-SCFI-2014 Water Analysis – measuring hexavalent chromium in natural, salt, sewage and treated sewage water – method of testing; and for cadmium with the Official Mexican Standard NOM-231-SSA1-2002, articles of glazed pottery, glazed ceramics … Unlike arsenic, chromium and cadmium, asbestos or amianthus are amorphous fibrous mineral and are used in the automotive industry for the production of brake pads and brakes, as well as in the production of sewage pipelines and waterproof roof coatings [ 98 , 6 ]. …

Wastewater treatment effluent alters nucleotide excision repair in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Wastewater treatment effluent is a complex mixture of anthropogenic pollutants including estrogenic substances and chemicals, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, that cause bulky DNA adducts. Significant research focuses on reproductive effects of aquatic estrogens from wastewater treatment plants. However, other studies suggest genotoxic and immunological effects occur at lower concentrations of wastewater treatment effluent than reproductive endpoints. Recently, effects of estrogen on DNA repair processes in zebrafish have been suggested as a possible mechanism by which estrogen can modulate

Novel recombinant endolysin ointment with broad antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and burns.

The major problem in the management of burn wounds is infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major cau … ysogenic bacteriophage and three distinct lytic specific S. aureus bacteriophage were isolated from sewage. For each of the three samples, a single contig was possible to be obtained. Sample BP-SA2 had the best coverage, and the contig was slightly longer than the other bacteriophages. In addition, BLAST search identified Staphylococcus bacteriophage vB- …

Инфекционные кишечные заболевания повышают риск нейродегенеративных заболеваний на основе общенационального исследования групп населения.

Инфекционные кишечные заболевания (МИЗ) создают значительное бремя для здоровья и экономики во всем мире. Недавние наблюдения в больнице общего профиля " Три сервис " (Тайван) указывают на потенциальную связь между МИС и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, что подтолкнуло к изучению этих отношений. В ходе этого исследования были изучены взаимосвязи между МИС и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. Мы провели ретроспективный когортный анализ на основе данных Национальной научно-исследовательской базы данных о медицинском страховании (NHIRD) Тайваня. Пациенты, у которых диагностированы И

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… Teschke K Bellack N Shen H Atwater J Chu R Koehoorn M MacNab YC Schreier H Isaac-Renton JL Water and sewage systems, socio-demographics, and duration of residence associated with endemic intestinal infectious diseases: A cohort study BMC Public Health 2010 10 767 10.1186/1471-2458-10-767 21162734 PMC3022849 … Water and sewage systems, socio-demographics, and duration of residence associated with endemic intestinal infectious diseases: A cohort study. BMC Public Health 10 , 767 (2010). 21162734 10.1186/1471-2458-10-767 PMC3022849 6. …

Низкие концентрации наследственной железы связаны с сокращением сероконверсии вируса Джона Каннингема у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Натальизумаб является высокоэффективным лекарством для пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS), излучающим повторный слапс. Недостатком этого лечения является риск прогрессивной многофукальной лейкоэнцефалопатии у пациентов, имеющих серопозитивную реакцию на вирус Джона Каннингема (JCV). Коэффициенты сероконверсии JCV увеличиваются в рамках лечения беременных женщин по сравнению с неонатальным серомb с использованием средств контроля. Цель этого исследования заключалась в том, чтобы определить, связаны ли более низкие концентрации наследственной железы с сокращением сероконверсии JCV по сравн

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… suggests that natalizumab affects the immune system of the gut mucosa by altering B and T-cell populations, potentially increasing vulnerability to an initial JCV infection. 6 This hypothesis suggests an oral-faecal transmission of the virus, which is plausible given the high levels of JCV found in sewage …

Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water.

P. aeruginosa is part of a large group of free-living bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment. This organism is often found in natur … d in low nutrient or oligotrophic environments, as well as in high nutrient environments such as in sewage and in the human body. P. aeruginosa can cause a wide range of infections, and is a leading cause of illness in immunocompromised individuals. In particular, it can be a serious pathogen in hospitals (Dembry et al. 1998). It can cause endocarditis, …