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Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

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… Examples are Caelyx/Doxil (doxorubicin), Myocet (doxorubicin), DaunoXome (daunorubicin), Marqibo (vincristine), Onyvide (irinotecan), Onco-TCS (vincristine), Vyxeos (cytarabine and daunorubicin) and Abraxane (paclitaxel). …

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Toxicity Related to Anti-Cancer Treatment in Clinical Practice: An Opinion Paper from the Working Group on Cardio-Oncology of the Korean Society of Echocardiography.

Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with anti-cancer treatment is commonly encountered and raises critical problems that often result in serious morbidity or mortality. Most cardiac toxicities are related to the cumulative dose of chemotherapy; however, the type of chemotherapy, concomitant agents, and/or conventional CV risk factors have been frequently implicated in CV toxicity. Approximately half of the patients exhibiting CV toxicity receive an anthracycline-based regimen. Therefore, serologic biomarkers or cardiac imagings are important during anti-cancer treatment for early detection

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… Table 5 Chemotherapeutic agents associated with pericardial effusion 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil Group | Agent Anthracycline | Doxorubicin, daunorubicin Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Dastanib, imatinib, nilotinib Antimetabolites | 5-FU, cytarabine Alkylating agents | Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulphan All-trans …

The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges.

Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in

Ribosome Biogenesis and Function in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapy.

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly coordinated, multi-step process that assembles the ribosomal machinery responsible for translating mRNAs into proteins. It begins with the rate-limiting step of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription of the 47S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes within a specialised nucleolar region in the nucleus, followed by rRNA processing, modification, and assembly with ribosomal proteins and the 5S rRNA produced by Pol III. The ribosomal subunits are then exported to the cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes. This process is tightly regulated by the PI3K/RAS/MYC oncogenic network

Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.

Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal

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… There are several interesting drugs for treating multiple myeloma, schizophrenia, lymphomatous meningitis, and MS, including Doxil (doxorubicin HCL liposome injection), Invega Sustenna (paliperidone palmitate), DepoCyt (liposomal cytarabine), and Plegridy (PEGylated interferon B-1a) [ 303 ]. …

Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol as chemo and radiosensitizer in cancer.

One of the primary diseases that cause death worldwide is cancer. Cancer cells can be intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to therapies and drugs used for cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms of action that favor cell survival and proliferation, becoming one of the leading causes of treatment failure against cancer. A promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance is the co-administration of anticancer agents and natural compounds with anticancer properties, such as the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (RSV). RSV has been reported to be able to sensitize c

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… Downregulation of survivin is another mechanism by which RSV enhances proliferation-inhibitory effects through S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells treated with paclitaxel, in addition to other drugs such as doxorubicin, cytarabine, taxol, actinomycin, and methotrexate …

Revitalizing T cells: breakthroughs and challenges in overcoming T cell exhaustion.

T cell exhaustion is a prevalent phenomenon in chronic infections and tumor microenvironments, severely compromising the effectiveness of antitumor and antiviral immunity. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, including external factors and intrinsic cellular changes that drive this dysfunctional state. Key external factors such as persistent antigen exposure, immune checkpoint signaling, and the cytokine milieu, as well as intrinsic changes such as altered metabolic processes, epigenetic modifications, and transcr

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… combination with Pembrolizumab I/II Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm CD38 inhibitor CD38 Daratumumab 20151116 57894-502-05 – - - Isatuximab-IRFC 20200302 0024-0656-01 – – - - Erzotabart – – NCT04824794 – II Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma recurrent IDO1 inhibitor IDO1 Indoximod – – NCT02835729 Idarubicin and Cytarabine … inhibitor | CD38 | Daratumumab | 20151116 | 57894-502-05 | – | | - | - | | | Isatuximab-IRFC | 20200302 | 0024-0656-01 | – | – | - | - | | | Erzotabart | – | – | NCT04824794 | – | II | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma recurrent | IDO1 inhibitor | IDO1 | Indoximod | – | – | NCT02835729 | Idarubicin and Cytarabine …

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Adults.

The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well a

ISEV2019 Abstract Book

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… Both assays were used to measure viability and apoptosis in similar experiments employing cytarabine Results : AML cell Proliferation Decreased after 1–6 days of co-culture with hMSC-derived EVs. Apoptosis is the primary mode of death induced. … AML cell proliferation decreased synergistic after 1–6 days of co-culture with hMSC-derived EVs ± Cytarabine. Summary/Conclusion : MSCs inhibits the proliferation of the AML cell line in vitro and work synergistically with cytarabine chemotherapy to promote apoptotic death in AML cell lines. …

Митохондриальная передача метаболических перепрограмм и лекарственная устойчивость в метастазе костей: механизмы и терапевтические стратегии.

Кость это one из наиболее распространенных участков удаленного метастаза в твердых опухолях, в частности рак груди, рак простаты и рак легких. Метатические повреждения костей часто свидетельствуют о стойком сопротивлении многосистемной терапии, включая химиотерапию, целевую терапию, эндокринную терапию и ингибиторы иммунных контрольно-пропускных пунктов (ИПК). Накопляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что метаболическая перепрограммирование в пределах костной микроокружающей среды способствует этому сопротивлению, однако механизмы в верхнем течении по-прежнему недостаточно понятны. В качеств

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… Blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent transfer (see Section 1.1) with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 restored the sensitivity of leukemia cells to cytarabine ( 14 ). …

From Early Diagnoses to New Treatments for Liver, Pancreatic, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers Using Carbon Nanotubes: New Chances Still Underexplored.

Pancreatic, liver, gastric, colorectal, and rectal cancers (PC, LC, GC, CRC, and RC) are highly lethal tumours, with a 5-year survival rate of 10.5% (PC) and <20% (LC), and of 5%, 12%, and 13% for IV-stage GC, CRC, and RC, respectively. Currently, PC and LC represent the third leading cause of cancer-related death, while GCs and CRCs account for 4.8 million cancer cases and 4.4 million cancer deaths worldwide. Poor prognoses are mainly due to late diagnosis, limited efficacy of available treatments, tumour recurrence, as well as therapy-induced secondary tumorigenesis and drug resistance. In r

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… The recently approved liposomal NM Vyxeos ® (daunorubicin/cytarabine liposomal formulation) demonstrated improved survival and response rates, with tolerable toxicity in phase III clinical trials in older patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related …

Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design: Current strategies and research progress.

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation, antitoxin, and immunosuppression, glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, keratitis, macular edema, and leukemia. However, long-term use often causes undesirable side effects, including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome (buffalo back, full moon face, hyperglycemia, etc.), osteoporosis, aggravated infection, psychosis, glaucoma, and cataract. These notorious side e

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… However, there are limited marketed products based on liposomes and polymeric micelles, and only 13 products such as amphotericin B, doxorubicin hydrochloride, irinotecan hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, dibucaine, cytarabine and daunorubicin compound liposomes are currently approved by FDA, while …

International Recommendations for Screening and Preventative Practices for Long-Term Survivors of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: A 2023 Update.

As hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy expand to new indications and international access improves, the number of HCTs performed annually continues to rise. Parallel improvements in HCT techniques and supportive care entails more patients surviving long term, creating further emphasis on survivorship needs. Survivors are at risk for developing late complications secondary to pretransplantation, peritransplantation, and post-transplantation exposures and other underlying risk factors. Guidelines for screening and preventive practices for HCT survivors were originally p

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… Potential causes include infection or immunosuppression (with CNIs), neurotoxic chemotherapy (eg, methotrexate, cytarabine, busulfan, thiotepa) and other medications, TA-TMA, cranial radiation or TBI, radiation-induced vasculitis, underlying disease (eg, cerebrovascular disease, sickle cell disease, …

Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications.

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients' health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with the potential to effectively extend patient survival. However, the development of drug resistance seriously limits the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy and ultimately results in treatment failure and patient death. A large number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RN

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… For example, Yan et al. discovered that miR-181a was upregulated in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma Jurkat and H9 cells treated with DOX, CDDP, cyclophosphamide, and cytarabine. …

Smart Lipid-Based Nanosystems for Therapeutic Immune Induction against Cancers: Perspectives and Outlooks.

Cancer immunotherapy, a promising and widely applied mode of oncotherapy, makes use of immune stimulants and modulators to overcome the immune dysregulation present in cancer, and leverage the host's immune capacity to eliminate tumors. Although some success has been seen in this field, toxicity and weak immune induction remain challenges. Liposomal nanosystems, previously used as targeting agents, are increasingly functioning as immunotherapeutic vehicles, with potential for delivery of contents, immune induction, and synergistic drug packaging. These systems are tailorable, multifunctional,

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… These drugs, which show activity in a variety of solid and hematological malignancies, include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cytarabine, vincristine, mifamurtide, irinotecan, and cisplatin [ 30 , 189 ]. …

Dermatologic conditions in women receiving systemic cancer therapy.

As advances in cancer therapies have improved cancer-related survival, novel therapeutics have also introduced a variety of dermatologic toxicities, and an increased number of patients are living with these sequalae. Women with cancer in particular experience a spectrum of dermatologic conditions that affect their skin, hair, nail, and mucosal surfaces. Studies have shown that these toxic effects can significantly affect quality of life and alter a woman's self-image, cultural identity, femininity, sexuality, and mental health. In severe instances, dermatologic toxicities may even disrupt canc

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… Drug class | Drug name | Oncologic indication Traditional chemotherapy Antimetabolites | 5-fluorouracil | Gastrointestinal, breast, pancreatic | Capecitabine | Gastrointestinal, breast, pancreatic | Gemcitabine | Bladder, pancreatic, ovarian, breast, non-small cell lung | Cytarabine | AML, ALL, CML …

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 2025 Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.

Disease overviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukemia. It typically occurs in older patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that interfere with the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in clonal B-cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B-lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B-cell population carrying the CD5 antigen as well as typical B-cell markers.Prognosis and stagingTwo clinical staging systems, Rai

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… The combination of fludarabine with another purine analog, cytarabine, appeared to be less effective than fludarabine alone, while the combination of fludarabine with chlorambucil or prednisone increased the hematological toxicity but not the response rate [ 86 , 180 ]. …

Application of dendritic cell extracellular vesicles as a valid nanoparticle platform for cancer therapies: a narrative review.

The prevalence of cancers has actually increased during the last few decades, affecting almost all human societies. Despite progress in therapeutic protocols, cancer is still the main cause of global human mortality. Although the advancement of modern immunotherapeutic approaches can increase the survival rate of cancer patients, new modalities are essential for improved therapeutic outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles and are used for cell-free approaches instead of direct whole cell-based administration. It has been thought that EVs can reduce the risks and side eff

Nuclear receptors in health and disease: signaling pathways, biological functions and pharmaceutical interventions.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands, including steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, fatty acids, and oxidative steroids. Upon ligand binding, nuclear receptors form dimer complexes with transcriptional cofactors, which interact with specific DNA sequences in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes to modulate gene expression. This process plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as reprodu

Colorectal Cancer at the Crossroads: The Good, the Bad, and the Future of Platinum-Based Drugs.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality among cancers worldwide. This review addresses the complex landscape of CRC, focusing on incidence, mortality trends, preventive strategies, and the evolving therapeutic approaches, particularly highlighting the role of platinum-based drugs like oxaliplatin (OXP). It also underscores the increasing burden of CRC, with factors such as westernized diets, aging populations, and genetic predispositions contributing to its prevalence. Therapeutically, early detection greatly enh