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Dethroning of Neuroendocrine Tumor as an Orphan Disease: US Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival in the 21st Century.

Importance: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have traditionally been considered rare (orphan) diseases; however, improvements in diagnostic methods and heightened awareness about NETs may have altered their epidemiologic profile in the U.S. Objective: To evaluate trends in incidence, prevalence, and survival of NETs in the United States from 2000 to 2021 using updated data from the SEER-22 registry. Method: This population-based, retrospective cohort study used the SEER-22 database for incidence, prevalence, and survival analyses. Data included 231,659 patients diagnosed with NETs between 2000 and

Proteome analysis of urinary biomarkers in a cigarette smoke-induced COPD rat model.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) and other harmful gases and particles.MethodsThis study aimed to explore potential urinary biomarkers for CS-induced COPD based on LC-MS/MS analysis.ResultsA total of 340 urinary proteins were identified, of which 79 were significantly changed (30, 31, and 37 at week 2, 4 and 8, respectively). GO annotation of the differential urinary proteins revealed that acute-phase response, response to organic cyclic compounds, complement activation classical pathway

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… AB-PAS staining showed bronchial epithelial goblet cells in the rats became larger after 4 weeks CS exposure. … And the number of goblet cells (in blue) in the bronchial epithelium was dramatically elevated and the size of goblet cells was enlarged with hypertrophy and hypersecretion after 8 weeks CS exposure (Fig. 1 D). …

Atypical bone and synovial metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy globally, ranking third in incidence and second in cancer-specific mortality. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of CRC, especially in younger individuals and developing countries, is rising. We present a unique case of a woman initially diagnosed with cecal adenocarcinoma who developed metachronous atypical bone and soft tissue metastases, including involvement of the left knee synovium. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities in managing CRC patients with atypical metastatic disease. The p

Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Furfuryl Alcohol (CAS No. 98-00-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Furfuryl alcohol-based resins are used as binding agents in foundry sand and as corrosion inhibitors in mortar, grout, and cement. Because of their heat resistance, furan resins are used in the manufacture of fiberglass-reinforced plastic equipment. Furfuryl alcohol was selected for evaluation because of the absence of data on its carcinogenic potential and its large production volume, widespread use in manufacturing, and ubiquitous presence in consumer goods. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to furfuryl alcohol (greater than 98% pure) by inhalation for 16 days, 14 week

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Ginkgo biloba extract (CAS No. 90045-36-6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (Gavage studies).

Ginkgo biloba extract has been used primarily as a medicinal agent in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Ginkgo biloba extract was nominated for study by the National Cancer Institute because of its widespread use as an herbal supplement to promote mental function and the limited availability of toxicity and carcinogenicity data. Furthermore, one of the major ingredients in Ginkgo biloba extract, quercetin, is a known mutagen. The Ginkgo biloba extract used in the current studies was procured from a supplier known to provide material to United States

The management of type 2 inflammatory respiratory diseases: a Chinese expert consensus [2024].

BackgroundType 2 (T2) inflammatory respiratory diseases encompass a range of conditions characterized by inflammation affecting the airways and lung parenchyma, with their pathogenesis rooted in T2 inflammation. Biological treatments that mitigate T2 inflammation revolutionize the therapeutic landscape for these respiratory diseases. However, there are decision-making difficulties in terms of the target population, timing of initiation, and type selection for biological targeted therapy.MethodsSearch strategies were focused on relevant issues related to T2 inflammatory respiratory diseases fro

NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Stoddard Solvent IIC (Cas No. 64742-88-7) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies).

UNLABELLED: Stoddard solvent (white spirit/mineral spirit) is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. It is used as a dry cleaning agent; as an extraction, cleaning, and degreasing solvent; and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, asphalt products, lacquers, and varnishes. Stoddard solvent IIC was nominated by the International Union, United Auto Workers, for carcinogenicity testing because of the large volume used in industrial and other settings. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to Stoddard solvent IIC (greater than 99% pure) by inhalation

GZMK-expressing CD8+ T cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases are often chronic and recurrent, and current treatments do not typically remove underlying disease drivers1. T cells participate in a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis2, Crohn's disease3, oesophagitis4 and multiple sclerosis5,6, and clonally expanded antigen-specific T cells may contribute to disease chronicity and recurrence, in part by forming persistent pathogenic memory. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma are inflammatory airway diseases that often present as comorbidities7. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects more than 10% of the general population8. Am

Occult Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Bone-Predominant Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: A Case Report of a p40-Negative Vertebral Metastasis.

Background and Clincal significance: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) classically presents with progressive dysphagia and weight loss, but atypical presentations may redirect the diagnostic workup before the esophageal primary is identified. We report a case illustrating the simultaneous convergence of three diagnostic pitfalls: absence of dysphagia, bone-predominant metastatic presentation initially managed as carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), and negative p40 staining in a vertebral biopsy in a patient subsequently confirmed to have invasive mid-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

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… Separate GEJ biopsies showed gastric-type mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, goblet cells, and chronic active inflammation. … Gastroesophageal Junction Intestinal Metaplasia and Barrett’s Esophagus Considerations GEJ biopsies in this patient showed intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells. …

Frequency of Topical Immunomodulatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies for Ocular Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of topical immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies in patients with ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in consideration of inflammatory activity and systemic immunosuppressive therapies in a tertiary care university hospital setting. Methods: We included 95 adult patients (48 male, 47 female) with ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after alloHSCT (median age 49.5 years). Clinical ophthalmological findings and the grade of ocular cGVHD according to the NIH eye score and the German-Austrian-

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… Ocular cGVHD can affect different tissues of the eye [ 3 ], but is mainly an ocular surface disease: the involvement of the lacrimal glands (inflammation, obstruction, atrophy, decreased tear production), the conjunctiva (apoptosis of goblet cells, inflammation, fibrosis), the lids including the meibomian … In randomized clinical trials, it has been shown that CSA eye drops are able to improve the Schirmer’s test and breakup time, increase the number of conjunctival goblet cells, and reduce punctate keratopathy in patients with dry eye disease [ 28 ]. …

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

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… A viscoelastic mucus gel layer with hydrophobic and surfactant properties, secreted by the goblet cells, covers the entire intestinal mucosal surface [ 30 ]. … In the small and large intestines, mucin 2 (MUC2) is the most abundant mucus protein secreted by the goblet cells. …

Conjunctival HLA-DR and CD8 expression detected by impression cytology in ocular graft versus host disease.

PurposeTo assess the expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in epithelial cells and cluster of differentiation (CD8)-positive lymphocytes as possible markers of chronic ocular graft versus host disease (cGvHD) after hematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsTwenty-seven consecutive patients with dry-eye symptoms following HSCT (24 [89%] with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and 3 [11%] with bone marrow transplants; 17 [63%] familiar allogenic grafts) and 19 age-matched controls were included. Conjunctival impression cytology specimens were stained for HLA-DR, cyto

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… Scarring of the tarsal plate, severe meibomian gland disease (MGD), loss of goblet cells, and infiltration of the basal conjunctival epithelium and the conjunctival stroma with CD8-positive cells are hallmarks of ocular cGvHD [ 5 - 7 ]. … Wang et al. previously described a decrease in goblet cells and a general increase in inflammatory cells with increasing severity of dry eye in patients following HSCT [ 4 ]. …

Микробиомы воспаления имеют функциональную патогенность, предсказанную реактивным белком C.

Мы изучаем специфические по болезням и перекрестные заболевания человеческого кишечного микробиома путем колонизации мышей, свободных от микробов, подверженных риску возбудителя артрита, колита или нейроинфламмы, с более чем 100 фекальными микробиомами человека от лиц с ревматоидным артритом, анкилосирующим спондилитом, множественным склерозом, язвительным колитом, болезнью Крона или раком цвета. Мы находим типичные воспалительные фенотипы, приводимые в действие микробиомами у лиц с кишечным воспалением или подстрекательским артритом, а также различные функции, характерные для микробиомов, у п

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… regions of each tissue were scored using a semiquantitative scale from 0-4 based on the following criteria. 0: normal tissue appearance, 1: some evidence of epithelial hyperplasia without obvious immune infiltrates, 2: pronounced epithelial hyperplasia and obvious immune infiltrates with largely normal goblet … cell appearance, 3: severe hyperplasia and immune infiltration with obvious loss of goblet cells, 4: as ‘3’ with the appearance of gross tissue damage in the form of transmural inflammation, ulceration and/or crypt abscesses. …

Reimagination in art and science: Seeing the familiar in a new light and creating new things that didn't exist before.

Many groundbreaking works in art and science owe their origins to the creative spark ignited by reimagination-the process whereby artists and scientists reinterpret and reframe past and existing knowledge, envisioning it in a new context that reveals new possibilities. Artistic and scientific innovation originating from reimagination brings to mind William Faulkner's famous line, "The past is never dead. It's not even past." [W. Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun (1)].

Intestinal barrier functions in hematologic and oncologic diseases.

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that not only regulates the influx of luminal contents into the systemic circulation but is also involved in immune, microbial, and metabolic homeostasis. Evidence implicating disruption in intestinal barrier functions in the development of many systemic diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to autism, or systemic complications of intestinal disorders has increased rapidly in recent years, raising the possibility of the intestinal barrier as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to alter the course and mitigate the complica

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… The more abundant and dynamic gel-forming mucin, mucin 2 (MUC 2), is produced by goblet cells [ 8 ]. … The goblet cell-associated antigen pathways can also aid in the internalization of endotoxins [ 26 ]. …

Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma: A rational molecular target.

Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple

Incidental finding of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient affected by castration-sensitive prostate cancer: A case report.

RATIONALE: This article describes the case of a patient with 2 simultaneous malignant diseases: Follicular lymphoma and 'castration sensitive prostate cancer. Patients with multiple cancers are not easy to manage and it is difficult to find the appropriate approach and resources to use with them. We focused our attention on how to choose the correct strategy to face 2 different neoplasms and control the adverse reactions related to the corresponding treatments. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of a 71-year-old man who came to us complaining about an abnormal difficulty in urinating associa

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… Histology revealed a moderate atrophy of the epithelium with reduction of goblet cells number. In addition, there were signs of edema, congestion and an abundant chronic and acute inflammatory infiltrate associated with diffuse cryptitis. …

Назальская мукоцилярная очистка и ее связь с болезнью пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим воспалительным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием, связанным с повышенной подверженностью инфекциям. Первичным механизмом защиты дыхательной системы является слизистая очистка назала (NMC); однако его состояние у пациентов с MS остается недостаточно изученным. Эти перспективные, сопоставимые исследования по вопросам контроля за конкретными случаями включали в себя: 60 больные с синдромом MS и 60 :: контроль за состоянием здоровья в зависимости от возраста и пола. Время измерения NMC измерялось с использованием теста на сачарин в стандартных услов

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… The mucociliary clearance system contains mucus secreted from epithelial cilia and goblet cells. …

Biologic Targeting: New and Effective Therapeutic Approaches against Severe Asthma.

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The role of heat shock protein 90 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) and its isoforms are a group of homodimeric proteins that regulate several cellular processes, such as the elimination of misfolded proteins, cell development and post-translational modifications of kinase proteins and receptors. Due to its involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis, HSP 90 has been investigated as a key player in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and deadly interstitial lung disease, due to the progressive distortion of lung parenchyma

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… Moreover, HSP 90 has been reported to be also involved in dysfunctional epithelial responses to allergen and/or irritating stimuli typical of asthmatic subjects, contributing to induce hyperplasia of goblet cells through the interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 pathway [ 43 , 44 ]. … HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin reverts IL-13- and IL-17-induced airway goblet cell metaplasia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129: 744–758. doi: 10.1172/JCI123524 45. Wu D, Liu L, Zhu J, et al. …