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Recommendations from the Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative on the administration of activated charcoal in acute oral overdose.

INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative was established by three international clinical toxicology societies and tasked to produce recommendations on the management of poisonings. The Activated Charcoal in Clinical Toxicology Workgroup (the Workgroup) was formed to provide recommendations on the administration of activated charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination and enhanced elimination in poisoning. METHODS: Based on a systematic review of the literature, 43 poisons or poison categories were selected for appraisal. Voting statements were drafted using a pred

Cuproptosis Inducers in Cancer Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges.

Cancer continues to be the primary cause of death despite significant progress in medicine, and finding effective therapies remains a challenge. New treatments are needed to minimize the harmful effects on the body and increase the selectivity of drugs. These therapies must also overcome cancer cell resistance and prevent metastasis. Metal-based drugs are becoming increasingly crucial for treating tumors, and copper ion-based systems and nanoparticles have been identified as having unique properties and anticancer potential. Given the key role exerted by Cu in the etiology, severity, and progr

Потенциальные цели микроглии в лечении нейродегенеративных заболеваний: механизм и терапевтические последствия.

В случае различных нейродегенеративных расстройств активируются микроглиальные клетки. Кроме того, дисфункциональная и гиперактивированная микроглия инициирует митохондриальную автофагию, окислительный стресс и патологическое накопление белка, заканчивающееся нейроинфламмацией, которая усугубляет повреждения допаминергических нейронов и вносит значительный вклад в патологию нейродегенеративного расстройства. Микроглиальная чрезмерная активация тесно связана с секрецией провоспалительных цитокинов, фагоцитозом травмированных нейронов и модуляцией нейротоксичной среды. В этом обзоре резюмируется

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… Extracellular Cu 2+ is reduced to Cu + by membrane-bound metalloreductases and transported into the cell via copper transporter 1 (CTR1). …

Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that may scavenge reactive oxygen species preventing DNA damage and other effects important in cancer transformation. Dietary vitamin C from natural sources is taken with other compounds affecting its bioavailability and biological effects. High pharmacological doses of vitamin C may induce prooxidant effects, detrimental for cancer cells. An oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate, is transported through glucose transporters, and cancer cells switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in energy production so an excess of vitamin C may limit glucose tr

Targeting Metal Ion Homeostasis for Regulated Cell Death-Amplified Tumor Nanomedicine.

Amidst escalating global health challenges, neoplastic diseases remain a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality, exerting complex and far-reaching effects on human health and societal well-being. The advent of precision medicine has ushered in an era of tailored therapeutic strategies, leveraging individual genetic profiles, tumor microenvironmental features, and exogenous factors to redefine oncology care. Central to these advances is the understanding of cell death, a fundamental biological process encompassing both programmed and non-programmed forms. Programmed cell death is orchestr

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Co-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer therapies have advanced tremendously throughout the last decade, yet multiple factors still hinder the success of the different cancer therapeutics. The traditional therapeutic approach has been proven insufficient and lacking in the suppression of tumor growth. The simultaneous delivery of multiple small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and genes improves the effectiveness of each treatment, thus optimizing efficacy and improving synergistic effects. Nanomedicines integrating inorganic, lipid, and polymeric-based nanoparticles have been designed to regulate the spatiotemporal release of

A novel approach to enhance glioblastoma multiforme treatment efficacy: non-coding RNA targeted therapy and adjuvant approaches.

BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. With the current gold standard chemotherapy treatment, temozolomide (TMZ), many patients do not survive beyond one year. While the urgency of researching novel treatments is understandable, the prohibitively high costs and the prolonged duration of research and clinical trials significantly delay the availability of medical advancements to the general public. This highlights the urgent need for adjuvant therapies to enhance treatment effectiveness.Main bodyRecent research has suggested the potential of repurposing FDA-approved dr

Cuproptosis related genes in immune infiltration and treatment of osteoporosis by bioinformatic analysis and machine learning methods.

Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent form of cell death, has been implicated in immune function and osteoporosis. However, the specific roles of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in osteoporosis remain unclear. The differentially expressed CRGs from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets of persons with osteoporosis and healthy individuals were categorized using R software tools in this study. Following that, the CIBERSORT algorithm and the GSVA technique were used to investigate the relationships between the different clusters and immune infiltration characteristics. Based on four machine learning te

Identification of a novel cuproptosis-related gene signature for multiple myeloma diagnosis.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) ranks second among the most prevalent hematological malignancies. Recent studies have unearthed the promise of cuproptosis as a novel therapeutic intervention for cancer. However, no research has unveiled the particular roles of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the prediction of MM diagnosis.MethodsMicroarray data and clinical characteristics of MM patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed gene analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature e

Совокупное и интерактивное воздействие тяжелых металлов на нейродегенеративные заболевания: сравнительный обзор болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и множественного склероза.

Тяжелые металлы и металллоиды являются стойкими загрязнителями окружающей среды, которые накапливаются в центральной нервной системе и взаимодействуют с местными основными металлами, однако в большинстве нейротоксических исследований металлы по-прежнему рассматриваются как независимые агенты, а не как смешанные смеси. В настоящем обзоре систематически сопоставляются данные о совокупном и интерактивном воздействии смесей тяжелых металлов на четыре основных нейродегенеративных заболевания: болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) и множественный ск

Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications.

Iron and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of humans, and their deficiency can result in serious diseases. Their interaction is of nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological interest, with major implications in health and disease. Millions of people are using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations of these two nutrients, including ferrous ascorbate for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and ascorbate combination with deferoxamine for increasing iron excretion in iron overload. The main function and use of vit

Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma.

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, being one of the deadliest cancers in the world. The current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Although the last approach is the most used, the high toxicity and the lack of efficacy in advanced stages of the disease have demanded the search for novel bioactive molecules and/or efficient drug delivery systems. The current review aims to discuss the most recent advances on the elucidation of potential targets for melanoma treatment, such as aquaporin-3 and tyrosi

Application and mechanistic research of novel therapeutic strategies in cisplatin-resistant small cell lung cancer.

IntroductionSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) initially responds well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but rapid development of drug resistance limits long-term efficacy and subsequent treatment options. Understanding the multifactorial mechanisms of cisplatin resistance is essential for improving patient outcomes. This review synthesizes recent preclinical and clinical advances, focusing on seven key resistance mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and novel chemotherapeutic agents.DiscussionCisplatin resistance in SCLC arises through multiple

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… Inward transport: copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and passive diffusion. Outward transport: P-gp, MRP1 and ATP7A/7B. (b) The DNA damage repair mechanism increases the resistance to cisplatin. …

Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets.

Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of

Meeting abstracts from the 21st European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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Occult cirrhosis presenting as progressive tremor: acquired hepatocerebral degeneration induced by traditional Chinese medicine and natural health products, aggravated by manganese supplements: A case report.

RATIONALE: Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) is a rare neurological complication of chronic liver disease or portosystemic shunting, typically characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms and manganese accumulation in the basal ganglia. Its diagnosis is particularly challenging in patients with occult cirrhosis and complex exposure histories, especially when traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and natural health products (NHPs) contribute to hepatotoxicity. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 66-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive postural and intention tremor, with marked wors

What is the Reason That the Pharmacological Future of Chemotherapeutics in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Could Be Most Closely Related to Nanostructures? Platinum Drugs in Therapy of Non-Small and Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Unexpected, Possible Interactions. The Review.

Over the course of several decades, anticancer treatment with chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer has not changed significantly. Unfortunately, this treatment prolongs the patient's life only by a few months, causing many side effects in the human body. It has also been proven that drugs such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin and others can react with other substances containing an aromatic ring in which the nitrogen atom has a free electron group in its structure. Thus, such structures may have a competitive effect on the nucleobases of DNA. Therefore, scientists are looking not only for

Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much highe

Drug-Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is an easily accessible and affordable Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plant derivative with an extensive history of medical use spanning thousands of years. Interest in the therapeutic potential of CBD has increased in recent years, including its anti-tumour properties in various cancer models. In addition to the direct anticancer effects of CBD, preclinical research on numerous cannabinoids, including CBD, has highlighted their potential use in: (i) attenuating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and (ii) enhancing the efficacy of some anticancer drugs. Therefore, CBD is ga

What Drives Innovation: The Canadian Touch on Liposomal Therapeutics.

Liposomes are considered one of the most successful drug delivery systems (DDS) given their established utility and success in the clinic. In the past 40⁻50 years, Canadian scientists have made ground-breaking discoveries, many of which were successfully translated to the clinic, leading to the formation of biotech companies, the creation of research tools, such as the Lipex Extruder and the NanoAssemblr™, as well as contributing significantly to the development of pharmaceutical products, such as Abelcet®, MyoCet®, Marqibo®, Vyxeos®, and Onpattro™, which are making positive impacts on patient