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Hepatic metabolite responses to 4-day complete fasting and subsequent refeeding in rats.

BACKGROUND: Fasting has been widely used to improve various metabolic diseases in humans. Adaptive fasting is necessary for metabolic adapta … rmone changes and changes in the protein expression levels of nutrient-sensing signaling molecules. Glycogenolysis served as the primary fuel source during the first 24 h of fasting, while gluconeogenesis supplied the most glucose thereafter. Serum FFA concentrations increased significantly with 48 h of fasting. Serum FFAs partly caused high serum β-hydroxybutyr …

New insights into the genic and metabolic characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells from polycystic ovary syndrome women.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects female fertility. However, with the l … icipated in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), and glycogenolysis. On the other hand, the downregulated genes were related to cell communication, glucose transport, and uptake. The differentially expressed genes were verified by RT-PCR in PCOS patient-derived iPSCs and granulosa cells from PCOS patients. The PCOS …

Measurement of Gastrointestinal Hormones.

Towards the end of the 20th century, the number of subjects with diabetes and obesity rose exponentially. The discoveries of insulin- and ap … s we were able to show that it, unexpectedly, activates the glucagon receptor, leading to increased glycogenolysis in hepatocytes and insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. In summary, accurate measurements of gut-derived hormones are indeed crucial for understanding their biology in health and as well in disease. Mass-spectrometry based plasma proteomics …

Cardiothyreosis.

In the present study: (a) physiopathology, (b) clinics, and (c) therapy of cardiothyreosis are discussed. (a) The hyperkinetic syndrome, the … osphate-dehydrogenase, malic, pentosic cycles, etc.), a.s.o. Due to an excessive adrenergic action (glycogenolysis, an excessive oxygen consumption, up to necrosis, the ATP and CP syntheses dramatically drop; the phosphorus/oxygen ratio decreases to 2 (normal = 4). In this condition, the high functional cardiovascular performances are also impaired (the submaxim …

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor regulation of cAMP accumulation and glycogen hydrolysis in the human Ewing's sarcoma cell line WE-68.

This study describes functional characteristics of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on human Ewing's sarcoma WE-68 cells. T … lue of about 8 nM. The order of potency of structurally related peptides of hVIP for stimulation of glycogenolysis correlated with their order of potency for inhibition of 125I-VIP binding. IBMX potentiated the glycogenolytic action of hVIP and PHM. The simultaneous presence of the calcium channel antagonist verapamil or the calcium ionophore A 23187 did not inf …

Carbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endurance exercise performance is impaired by heat stress. Although the mechanisms are not yet fully understood, heat-induced increases in glycogenolysis may play a role. Therefore, carbohydrate supplementation recommendations may differ for endurance exercise in hot environments. This systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy of carbohydrate supplementation for endurance performance in hot environments. METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus were searched through to April 14, 2026 for studies evaluat…

Role of cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in liver physiology and pathophysiology.

Arachidonic acid (AA) can undergo monooxygenation or epoxidation by enzymes in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family in the brain, kidney, lung, … on the role of 19- and 20-HETE and EETs in liver function. EETs are involved in vasopressin-induced glycogenolysis, probably via the activation of phosphorylase. In the portal vein, inhibition of EETs exerts profound effects on a variety of K-channel activities in smooth muscles of this vessel. 20-HETE is a weak, COX-dependent, vasoconstrictor of the portal circ …

[Amylin as an additional possible pathogenic factor in NIDDM and the insulin resistance syndrome].

The syndrome of insulin resistance comprises the following H-phenomena: 1. Hyperinsulinism compensating the inborn postreceptor insulin resi … zation of glucose into muscle glycogen and conversely by stimulation of phosphorylase it stimulates glycogenolysis and thus also lactate production and gluconeogenesis in the liver which all are anti-insulin effects which intensify the insulin resistance of the main target tissues. Amylin, similarly as CGRP or calcitonin, reduces Ca blood levels and has a vasodi …

A comparison of the effects of selective increases in peripheral or portal insulin on hepatic glucose production in the conscious dog.

We investigated the mechanisms by which peripheral or portal insulin can independently alter liver glucose production. Isotopic ([3-3H]gluco … an increment in portal insulin had a rapid inhibitory effect on NHGO, caused by the suppression of glycogenolysis, while an equal increment in arterial insulin produced an equally potent but slower effect that resulted from a small increase in hepatic sinusoidal insulin, from a suppression of gluconeogenic precursor uptake by the liver, and from a redirection o …

A Rare Case of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-2) Induced Hypoglycemia Associated With Metastatic Colon Cancer.

The occurrence of hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes is rare, and non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) accounts for a small port … ptors resulting in increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and suppression of gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis by the liver. Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is suppressed. IGF-1 levels are usually low, while IGF-2 levels may be high or normal, as many IGF-2omas produce IGF-2 precursors (pro-IGF-2). An elevated IGF-2:IGF-1 ratio (>1 …

Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females.

Most studies on ketosis have focused on short-term effects, male athletes, or weight loss. Hereby, we studied the effects of short-term ketosis suppression in healthy women on long-standing ketosis. Ten lean (BMI 20.5 ± 1.4), metabolically healthy, pre-menopausal women (age 32.3 ± 8.9) maintaining nutritional ketosis (NK) for > 1 year (3.9 years ± 2.3) underwent three 21-day phases: nutritional ketosis (NK; P1), suppressed ketosis (SuK; P2), and returned to NK (P3). Adherence to each phase was confirmed with daily capillary D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) tests (P1 = 1.9 ± 0.7; P2 = 0.1 ± 0.1; an

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… When the participants were fat fuelling (metabolic phenotype 1), their glucose needs were largely dependent on hepatic provision via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. … Sustained glycogenolysis during an OGTT is also seen in hyperinsulinaemic individuals (metabolic phenotype 3), where the liver is pathway-selective insulin-signalling-resistant, suppressing ketogenesis and inhibiting beta-oxidation whilst increasing de novo lipogenesis, and glycogenolysis is not inhibited …

Снимок новаторского подхода к комплексному преподаванию медицинской биохимии в рамках учебной программы для оценки результатов.

Медицинская биохимия (МБ) обычно преподается в начале медицинской программы, в которой практически отсутствует клинический контекст. Время родов и устаревшие методы обучения изображают БМ в негативном свете, ограничивая понимание его важности в медицинской практике. Для решения этой проблемы авторы разработали спирально интегрированный подход к преподаванию этой темы, в рамках которого основные темы, связанные с БМ, намеренно переплетаются по всей учебной программе, предшествующей стыковке, что позволяет учащимся пересматривать и углублять свое понимание материалов в все более клинических и ме

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… Spiral-1: Integrating X with muscle energetics and muscle movement (physiology) Spiraling back concepts of glycolysis, TCA, ETC, and glycogenolysis from the introductory block of the pre-clerkship curriculum, into advanced discussions of energy metabolism of type I (slow oxidative) and type II (fast … The fasted and starved states provide a clear framework for teaching catabolic pathways, including glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis, as illustrated in Figure 1 . …

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial.

BackgroundLong-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Long-COVID syndrome in sport capabilities after suffering from COVID-19 infection. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare lactate concentration and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Long-COVID with those who have not developed non-Long-COVID during Nordic walking exercise therapy.MethodsTwenty-nine patients (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a non-

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… Dehydration and hyperthermia are stressors that stimulate an increase in blood adrenaline concentration and consequently increase glycogenolysis and blood lactate concentration. … On the other hand, it may simply be that environmental heat is a stressor to increase glycogenolysis and lactate production independently of dehydration and hyperthermia [ 47 ]. …

Inhibition of glucagon secretion.

This chapter describes a physiological and profound effect of amylin to inhibit meal-related glucagon secretion. Glucagon is processed from a large precursor, proglucagon, in a tissue-specific manner in pancreatic alpha-cells. In addition to amino acid nutrient stimuli, glucagon is also secreted in response to stressful stimuli, such as hypoglycemia and hypovolemia. Glucagon primarily acts on liver to initiate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, resulting in a rapid increase in endogenous production of glucose. With longer stimulation, glucagon action at the liver results in a glucose-sparing …

Non-diabetic hypoglycemia: bridging gaps in diagnosis and treatment: a position statement report by the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD).

BACKGROUND: Non-diabetic hypoglycemia presents a substantial diagnostic challenge due to its diverse and often nonspecific symptomatology. The resultant delay in diagnosis can lead to a myriad of misdiagnoses. This misidentification not only prolongs patient suffering but also elevates the risk of severe complications, such as permanent neurologic damage and mortality. Recognizing the clinical nuances of non-diabetic hypoglycemia is paramount for timely and accurate diagnosis, which ultimately enhances patient outcomes and safety. MAIN BODY: A position statement has been formulated by the Ara

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… Non-diabetic Hypoglycemia in Liver Disease The liver is the largest metabolic organ that plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism; it serves as a gatekeeper for maintaining and regulating BG in our bodies, mainly through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. … This results in insulin receptor stimulation, increased glucose utilization (especially by skeletal muscles), and suppression of hepatic glucose production via inhibited glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis. Pro-IGF-2 also suppresses glucagon and GH release, aggravating hypoglycemia in NICTH [ 35 ]. …

Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report.

IntroductionGlucagonoma syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon, with an estimated incidence of one in 20 million, characterized by necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, glossitis, cheilitis, steatorrhea, diarrhea, venous thrombosis and neuropsychiatric disturbances in the setting of a glucagon-producing alpha-cell tumor of the pancreas. Necrolytic migratory erythema is the presenting manifestation in the majority of cases, so its early suspicion and correct diagnosis is a key factor in the management of the patient.Case presentationWe p

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… The high level of glucagon secreted by the tumor may promote glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and lipodieresis by activating phosphorylase in the liver, stimulating the secretion of insulin, and inhibiting the external secretion of the pancreas, thus resulting in the increased level of blood …

Интерпретируемая скорость и возможные выгоды от ожирения, диабета и множественного склероза: систематический обзор случайных клинических испытаний.

В последние годы популярна практика интермитирования скорости, которая в споре представляется в качестве возможного терапевтического адъюнктора. Был проведен библиографический обзор литературы по вопросам периодического быстрого роста и ожирения, диабета и множественного склероза. Научное качество методологии и полученные результаты оценивались по парам. Промежуточный пост оказывает благоприятное воздействие на профиль липидов, и он связан с потерей веса и модификацией распределения брюшного жира у людей с ожирением и типом 2 диабет, а также улучшение контроля за глицемическими уровнями. У пац

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… It decreases the absorption of glucose in the cells by not being able to take advantage of the glucose; there is an increase in liver glycogenolysis and lipolysis of fat tissue, which counteract the effects of insulin. …

Роль и функции " Ирисина " : перспективы последних изменений и неевродегенеративных заболеваний.

Irisin — пептид, полученный из фибронектина типа III, содержащего домен белка 5 (FNDC5) и производимый главным образом мышечными волокнами в соответствии с регулированием пероксисомных прорациатрированных рецепторов гамма-коативатора 1-альфа (PGC1α) во время упражнения. Ирисин стал объектом обширных исследований в силу его потенциала как метаболического регулятора и его антиоксидантных свойств. В частности, она связана с защитными действиями в мозгу. Несмотря на растущий интерес, остается много вопросов относительно молекулярных механизмов, лежащих в основе их воздействия. В настоящем обзоре р

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… Irisin also plays a role in muscle metabolism as it augments amino acids, fatty acids and glucose uptake into muscle cells [ 50 , 51 , 52 ] and concomitantly upregulates glycolysis and lipid β-oxidation, and downregulates glycogenolysis processes [ 51 , 53 ]. …

Acromegaly complications: an update.

CONTEXT: Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities is key to managing acromegaly given their adverse clinical impact on quality of life and survival; thus, it is important to increase overall awareness of complications and their individualized management. EVIDENCE: This review examines the current literature on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical presentation of acromegaly complications, as well as impact of acromegaly therapy and current goals for treatment outcomes of these morbidities. CONCLUSION: We focus on the most relevant acromegaly comorbidities including cardiorespi

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… Non-IGF-I-mediated actions of GH are mainly metabolic effects (eg, lipolysis and increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, together with decreased tissue glucose uptake) ( 17 ) and osteoblast stimulation ( 18 ). …

The Effects of Light Therapy on Cognitive Function and Stress in Women With Breast Cancer Before Systemic Treatment.

BackgroundCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), for example, impairments in reaction time, processing speed, memory and executive function, may be associated with breast cancer (BC) surgery which can disrupt biological and psychological stress markers. Evidence suggests that light therapy may ameliorate cognitive impairment and stress. In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of light therapy on mitigating the impact of BC surgery on CRCI in a national Icelandic cohort of women with BC.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to receive circadian

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… Wennström , “ Neuronal α‐Amylase Is Important for Neuronal Activity and Glycogenolysis and Reduces in Presence of Amyloid Beta Pathology ,” Aging Cell 20 , no. 8 ( 2021 ): e13433 . 34261192 10.1111/acel.13433 PMC8373367 29 N. Yamane , A. Ikeda , K. …