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Anti-fatigue effect of Zizania caudiflora (Turczaninow) Nakai.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of Zizania caudiflora (Turczaninow) Nakai (ZC) and hydrolyzed ZC by malted barley (HZC) through a forced swimming test (FST) in mice. After the first measurement of immobility times, the mice were divided into control, fluoxetine, ZC, and HZC groups to match the swimming times in each group. The immobility times in the FST of the control as well as the fluoxetine, ZC, and HZC-administered groups after administration for three days were 135.3 ± 3.3,66.8 ± 3.9,120.2 ± 2.7, and 123.2 ± 2.9 sec, respectively. The immobilit

Effects of increasing levels of refined cornstarch in the diet of lactating dairy cows on performance and ruminal pH.

Our study investigated the effect of a linear increase in level of ruminally fermentable carbohydrate, at a constant level of dietary starch and fiber, on performance, microbial N yield, chewing activity, and ruminal pH of midlactation dairy cows. Eight cows (53 DIM) were assigned to four treatments in a double 4 x 4 Latin square. Diets consisted of increasing levels of refined cornstarch (0, 5.9, 11.9, and 17.9% of diet dry matter) replacing dry cracked, shelled corn so that increasing amounts of dietary starch originated from refined cornstarch. Corn gluten feed was used to balance diets for

Cellular Stoichiometry of Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti.

The chemosensory system in Sinorhizobium meliloti has several important deviations from the widely studied enterobacterial paradigm. To better understand the differences between the two systems and how they are optimally tuned, we determined the cellular stoichiometry of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) and the histidine kinase CheA in S. meliloti Quantitative immunoblotting was used to determine the total amount of MCPs and CheA per cell in S. meliloti The MCPs are present in the cell in high abundance (McpV), low abundance (IcpA, McpU, McpX, and McpW), and very low abundance (

Effects of forage particle size and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. II. Ruminal pH and chewing activity.

Our study investigated the effects of, and interactions between, level of dietary ruminally fermentable carbohydrate (RFC) and forage particle size on rumen pH and chewing activity for dairy cows fed one level of dietary NDF. Also, correlations between intake, production, chewing, and ruminal pH parameters were investigated. Eight cows (61 days in milk) were assigned to four treatments in a double 4 x 4 Latin square. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; finely chopped alfalfa silage (FS) and coarse alfalfa silage (CS) were combined with concentrates based on either dry, cracke

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation increases phenolic synthesis in clover roots via hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid and nitric oxide signaling pathways.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can increase the host resistance to pathogens via promoted phenolic synthesis, however, the signaling pathway responsible for it still remains unclear. In this study, in order to reveal the signaling molecules involved in this process, we inoculated Trifolium repense L. with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus mosseae, and monitored the contents of phenolics and signaling molecules (hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), salicylic acid (SA), and nitric oxide (NO)) in roots, measured the activities of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and nitric oxide synthase (

Omasal sampling technique for assessing fermentative digestion in the forestomach of dairy cows.

A procedure allowing digesta sampling from the omasum via a ruminal cannula without repeated entry into the omasum was developed. The sampling system consisted of a device inserted into the omasum via the ruminal cannula, a tube connecting the device to the ruminal cannula, and a single compressor/vacuum pump. Eight cows given ad libitum access to a total mixed diet were used in a crossover design to evaluate the effects of the sampling system on digestive activity, animal performance, and animal behavior. Results indicated that the omasal sampling system has minimal effect on normal digestive

Beyond phosphate uptake: PT4/PT11 as key functional components linking phosphate acquisition, nutrient exchange, and arbuscule maintenance in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, yet its availability in many soils is limited by strong chemical fixation and low mobility. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis provides an important biological strategy for improving plant phosphate acquisition by establishing specialized arbuscules within root cortical cells, where reciprocal nutrient exchange occurs across the periarbuscular membrane (PAM). Among the phosphate transporter families involved in this process, the mycorrhiza-specific PHT1 transporters PT4 in Medicago truncatula and PT11 in Oryza sativa…

Occurrence of anabolic agents in plants and their importance.

More than 40 plant species have been shown to contain substances that are active in biological assays for estrogenic activity. Such substanc … , T. pratense (red clover), T. fragiferum L. (strawberry clover), T. alexandrinum (berseem clover), Medicago sativa (alfalfa or lucerne) and Soya hispida (soya beans). A beneficial anabolic action of the estrogens contained in these plants has been implied, but not unequivically established. More attention has been paid to their noxious effects on livestoc …

Expression of a modified Mannheimia haemolytica GS60 outer membrane lipoprotein in transgenic alfalfa for the development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.

The GS60 antigen is one of the protective antigens of Mannheimia haemolytica A1. GS60 contains conserved domains belonging to the LppC family of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. A high antibody titer to GS60 has been shown to be significantly correlated with resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis. Calves vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (Presponse) and demonstrating protection against M. haemolytica A1 produced antibodies directed against GS60. Alfalfa was chosen as the platform for an edible vaccine. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to mediate the transformation of alfalfa with se

Alfalfa Polysaccharide Alleviates Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota and the Intestinal Barrier Against the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis involves gut barrier dysfunction, dysregulated immune responses, and gut microbiota imbalance. Alfalfa polysaccharide (APS), a bioactive compound with immunomodulatory potential, remains underexplored in intestinal inflammation. While APS exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, its in vivo efficacy, mechanisms, and ability to restore gut microbiota and barrier integrity in UC are unclear. This study aims to investigate the treatment effect of APS on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and confirm its prebiotic

Survival of memory T cells specific for Japanese cypress pollen allergen is maintained by cross-stimulation of putative pectate lyases from other plants.

In view of recent studies on the mechanisms of the survival of peripheral memory T cells, we tested the biologic role of pectate lyase, a pectin-degrading enzyme, as the cross-reactive antigen required for the recurring survival signals for human T cells specific for Cha o 1, a pollen allergen molecule of the Japanese cypress. We determined a 16-mer epitope peptide for the T-cell clone, and prepared synthetic oligopeptides of homologous regions in putative pectate lyase of other plants. Of these homologous peptides, ZePel (Zinnia elegans), ban 17 (banana), and Amb a 1.1 (short ragweed) induced

Effect of feeding a blackseed meal-sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellet on gastrointestinal nematode and coccidia infection and animal performance in young goats.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection poses the most significant obstacle to the sustainable development of small ruminant (sheep and go … ion of black seed meal (BS) and sericea lespedeza leaf meal (BS-SL - 75 % SL, 25 % BS), or alfalfa (Medicago sativa, control parasitized; CONP), with an additional group of dewormed kids given the alfalfa pellets (Control treated; CONT). Weekly measurements of animal weights and samples of blood and feces were collected to determine the packed cell volume …

Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil-feed-milk-manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other a … from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 …

An ABC-type cobalt transport system is essential for growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti at trace metal concentrations.

We report expression and mutant phenotypes for a gene cluster in Sinorhizobium meliloti, designated cbtJKL, that has been shown to encode an ABC-type cobalt transport system. Transcription of cbtJKL initiated 384 nucleotides upstream from the cbtJ translation start codon, and the resulting 5' region contained a putative B(12)riboswitch. Expression of the cbtJKL genes appeared to be controlled by (cobalt-loaded) cobalamin interacting at the B(12)riboswitch, since (i) a putative B(12)riboswitch was located within this large upstream region, (ii) cbtJ transcription was repressed upon addition of

Multi-cluster outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type 36 linked to alfalfa sprouts, Sweden, August-November 2024.

Salmonella Typhimurium sequence type (ST) 36 is a rare sequence type in Sweden. During August-November 2024, 100 cases of Salmonella Typhimurium ST36 were reported nationwide. The highest proportions of cases were observed among individuals aged 0-10 years (17%) and 41-50 years (20%), with females representing 65% of the total cases. Microbiological analysis of the S. Typhimurium ST36 isolates identified nine clusters and five individual strains clustering within 53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A matched case-control study found cases to be associated with the consumption of alfalfa sprout

Interactions between forage and wet corn gluten feed as sources of fiber in diets for lactating dairy cows.

Twelve early lactation Holstein cows (4 fistulated) were used in replicated 4x4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods to determine the effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of wet corn gluten feed and to measure the effect of forage particle size on ruminal mat consistency and passage rate of wet corn gluten feed. Diets were 1) 23.3% NDF (17.4 percentage units of NDF from alfalfa silage), 2) diet 1 plus 11.1 additional percentage units of NDF from alfalfa silage, 3) diet 1 plus 10.7 percentage units of NDF from wet corn gluten feed, and 4) 8.6 percentage units of NDF from alfalfa silage pl

Микроаэробный маленький белок от теплового шока способствует ризобию лимуминозараму/Писуму симбиозу и взаимодействует с широким диапазоном бактерироидных белков.

Во время создания симбиоза с бобовыми растениями ризобия подвергается воздействию враждебной физической и химической микроокружающей среды, к которой требуется адаптация. Протеины реакции на стресс, включая небольшие белки от теплового удара (SHSP), ранее, как было установлено, дифференцировались в бактерироидах, индуцируемых ризобием лимуминозарум бv. viciae UPM791 в различных хост-узлах. В ходе этой работы мы провели функциональный анализ зависящих от принимающей стороны SHSP RLV_1399. Рlv_1399- Исключенный штамм мутантов был нарушен в симбиотических свойствах гороха, но не чечевиц. Выражени

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… Regarding the NCR peptides, our results are in line with previous works in which it was observed that the growth of bacterial cultures of E. meliloti exposed to Medicago truncatula cationic NCR peptides was affected in a concentration-dependent manner ( 10 – 12 ). … Medicago truncatula symbiotic peptide NCR247 contributes to bacteroid differentiation through multiple mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:5183–5188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404169111 13. Mikuláss KR, Nagy K, Bogos B, Szegletes Z, Kovács E, Farkas A, Váró G, Kondorosi É, Kereszt A. 2016. …

The breast cancer resistance protein protects against a major chlorophyll-derived dietary phototoxin and protoporphyria.

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRPABCG2) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of drug transporters and confers resistance to various anticancer drugs. We show here that mice lacking Bcrp1Abcg2 become extremely sensitive to the dietary chlorophyll-breakdown product pheophorbide a, resulting in severe, sometimes lethal phototoxic lesions on light-exposed skin. Pheophorbide a occurs in various plant-derived foods and food supplements. Bcrp1 transports pheophorbide a and is highly efficient in limiting its uptake from ingested food. Bcrp1(-/-) mice also displayed a previously unk

Проверка генотипов чечевиц на предмет выявления болезни стволового ствола и молекулярная идентификация причинно-следственного организма.

Во время сезона сбора урожая 2019-20, 2020-21, и 2021-22С помощью Alpha-Lattice Design с помощью Alpha-Lattice Genoтипы чечевиц были скринингированы на Stemphilium blight. three Репликации в Исследовательском центре Пульса, БАРИ, Ишурди, Pabna-6620 в естественных и искусственных эпифитотических условиях. В случае искусственного инокулума искусственные инокулумы были разбрызганы на 1.3 × 105 Споры/мл концентрации споров для прививки споров на экспериментальных участках. Данные о серьезности заболевания были зарегистрированы следующим образом: 1-9 Кроме того, была произведена оценка шкалы рейтин

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… vulgaris | China | KU850503 | KU850650 CBS 124,651; HSAUP VI1682 | Phaseolus vulgaris | China | KU850504 | KU850651 CBS 124746T; HSAUPpyf1835 | Amaranthus retroflexus | China | KU850505 | KU850652 S. astragali | VPRI 42,505 | Lens culinaris | Australia | MN401357 | MK967760 S. botryosum | CBS 116,596 | Medicago … sativa | USA | KU850538 | KU850685 CBS 714.68 | Medicago sativa | | KC584238 | OP031647 S. beticola | BRIP 67,789 | Lupinus angustifolius | Australia | MN401358 | MK967761 CBS 116,599 | Herbaceous dicot | Canada | KU850514 | KU850661 CBS 133,892 | Lens culinaris | USA | KU850516 | KU850663 S. chrysanthemicola …