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Plesiochorus Cymbiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) in Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Lepidochelys Olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Testudines: Chelonidae) from The Brazilian Coast: New Geographic Occurrence and Associated Injuries.

The present study reports the first occurrence of Plesiochorus cymbiformis (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), in two Olive Ridley Sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Chelonidae), from the states of São Paulo and Sergipe in Brazilian coast. Concerning the Neotropical region, P. cymbiformis has been previously reported in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Panama and Brazil, in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Brazil, in hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Puerto Rico, and in Olive Ridley Sea turtles only in Costa Rica. Lesions resulting from the presence of pa…

Detection of antibodies against Leptospira spp in free-living marsupials caught in the Eastern Amazon.

INTRODUCTION: Serological surveys are important to assess the health status of wild animals. In this study, antibodies against Leptospira spp, causal agents of leptospirosis, were detected in free-living marsupials in the State of Pará, Brazil. METHODS: Nineteen blood samples collected from marsupials in the municipalities of Peixe-Boi, Viseu, and Castanhal were subjected to microscopic agglutination tests. RESULTS: In total, 36.8% (7/19) of samples were positive, and two exhibited co-agglutination. The most frequent serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae (60%; 3/5), Panama (20%; 1/5), and Nupezo…

Serosurvey of Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in rats captured from two zoos in Southern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are zoonotic reservoirs for Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, and influence diseases in u … positive for Leptospira spp. Also, Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc and Leptospira noguchii serovar Panama were found. CONCLUSIONS: Serosurveys can show the environmental prevalence of zoonotic pathogens.

Уильям Кроуфорд Горгос. Он установил уровень военной профилактической медицины.

Уильям К. Горгос потратил первые двадцать лет своей карьеры на выполнение повседневных задач по уходу за пациентами в сельской местности. Когда Уолтер Рид был назначен в Гавану, его практически осуществимое применение для демонстрации передачи Желтой лихорадки привело к ликвидации Желтой лихорадки в течение восьми месяцев. Его упорство в применении принципов борьбы с заболеваниями артропода позволило завершить строительство Панамского канала. Он создал Санитарный корпус, в настоящее время Армия по охране окружающей среды, и начал делать упор на профилактической медицине для солдата. Он служил

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
William C. Gorgas spent the first twenty years of his career dedicated to the daily tasks of rural patient care. When assigned to Havana, hi … perseverance in applying principles of arthropod born disease control allowed the completion of the Panama Canal. He developed the Sanitation Corps, presently Army Environmental Health Services, and initiated emphasis on preventive medicine for the soldier. He served as the Surgeon General of the Army during World War I, when for the first time in our hi …

Myrmeconema neotropicum n. g., n. sp., a new tetradonematid nematode parasitising South American populations of Cephalotes atratus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with the discovery of an apparent parasite-induced host morph.

A new genus and species of tetradonematid nematode, Myrmeconema neotropicum n. g., n. sp., is described from larval, pupal and adult stages of Cephalotes atratus L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Peru and Panama. Diagnostic characters of the new genus include: males and females subequal in size; cuticle with minute annulations; six cephalic papillae; stylet present in all stages; stichocytes absent; trophosome degenerate; three penetration glands; gonads paired and opposite; vulva in mid-body region; single spicule; genital papillae absent; adult tails rounded; infective juveniles moult once in …

Shigella dysenteriae type 1--Guatemala, 1991.

On March 14, 1991, physicians at a hospital in Guatemala City reported to the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) that a 2-year-old boy living in an orphanage in Guatemala City had been hospitalized with dysentery; stool cultures yielded Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Another child from the orphanage had recently died from dysentery. During March 18-21, two other young children from the orphanage were diagnosed with S. dysenteriae type 1. On March 21, health officials in Rabinal, in the department of Baja Verapaz, reported more than 100 cases of dysentery to the Division…

Local host-tick coextinction in neotropical forest fragments.

Ticks are obligatory parasites with complex life cycles that often depend on larger bodied vertebrates as final hosts. These traits make the … ts. Here, we compare vertebrate and tick communities across 12 forest islands and peninsulas in the Panama Canal that ranged 1000-fold in size (2.6-2811.3 ha). We used drag sampling and camera trapping to directly assess the abundance and diversity of communities of questing ticks and vertebrate hosts. We found that the abundance and species richness of …

[Eclampsia in Central America].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, characteristic and maternal outcome of eclampsia in some countries of Central America. METHOD: We reviewed all patients with the diagnosis of eclampsia at the Complejo Hospitalario "AAM" de la Caja de Seguro Social de Panamá, Hospital Santo Tomás de Panamá, Hospital Bertha Calderón, Managua, Nicaragua and Hospital Pritnero de Mayo, JSSS, San Salvador, EI Salvador from January 1998 through December 1998. Incidence, demographics characteristics, complications, cardinal signs, deaths and cause of death by hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: The total number of

Impact of acellular immunization against pertussis; comparative experience of four countries in North, Central and South America.

INTRODUCTION: Pertussis remains a public health concern despite widespread vaccination, due to waning immunity and asymptomatic transmission. The shift to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, aimed at reducing side effects, has changed disease dynamics, requiring ongoing evaluation. AREAS COVERED: We examined immunization strategies and epidemiological trends in Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama following aP vaccine introduction. Compared vaccine coverage (VC), maternal immunization (MI), and booster strategies (BS), and explored their role in disease control, including post-COVID-19 resurg…

Leptospiral antibodies in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Asturias, Northern Spain.

Serum samples collected from Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus; n=472), fallow deer (Dama dama; n=293) and European wild boar (Sus scrofa; n=174) in Asturias, Northern Spain, from 1999 to 2005 were examined for antibodies against a reference panel of 14 Leptospira spp. serovars. Positive antibody titres at a microscopic agglutination test cut-off of 1:80 were detected against serovars Pomona (1.6%, 5.8%, 5.2%), Bratislava (1.1%, 0.7%, 4.7%), Grippotyphosa (0.7%, 2.4%, 1.7%), Muenchen (2.6%, 0%, 0%), Pyrogenes (0.4%, 2.4%, 1.2%), Panama (1.2%, 1.7%, 0%), Copenhageni (0%, 0.7%, 0.6%), …

Mammals tolerate harmless human presence: Lessons from COVID-19 lockdown on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá.

Human presence in protected forests impacts wildlife, but investigating such impacts is challenging because it is rare to isolate human presence from other anthropogenic factors. The COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 provided a quasi-natural experiment that reduced human activity on Barro Colorado Island, a tropical forest isolated from most human footprints in Panamá. We used trail-based camera trap data from mammal species to compare a lockdown period (April-July 2020) versus non-lockdown (2019). For all observed species, we tested the hypotheses that human presence impacts activity level for 14 sp

Changes in phlebotomine sand fly species composition following insecticide thermal fogging in a rural setting of Western panamá.

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, ACL, is a zoonotic disease with a large richness of co-occurring vector species in transmission foci. Here, we describe changes in patterns of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) species composition at the village of Trinidad de Las Minas, Capira, Panamá, a hyperendemic focus of ACL transmission, subjected to a vector control intervention with insecticide thermal fogging (ITF). Our study setting consisted of 24 houses, 12 subjected to two rounds of ITF and 12 kept as control. During 15 months (April 2010- June 2011) we monitored sand fl

[Acute kidney insufficiency of obstetric origin. Experience at the Santo Tomas Hospital (1966-1981)].

The authors review 24 cases of acute renal failure of obstetric etiology occurred in Hospital Santo Tomás, which represents a frequency of 1.375/10,000, with a bimodal distribution and the main causes were toxemia of pregnancy and sepsis. All cases were of the oliguric type and a kidney biopsy was performed in 17 cases, revealing an acute tubular necrosis in 16 and a diffuse cortical necrosis in the other case. Two patients (8.3%) died and one did not received nephrology treatment as the other 23 patients. The fetal mortality was 37.5% and the Apgar was good in 2, fair in one and bad in 2. A 5

Using observed incidence to calibrate the transmission level of a mathematical model for Plasmodium vivax dynamics including case management and importation.

In this work, we present a simple and flexible model for Plasmodium vivax dynamics which can be easily combined with routinely collected dat … illustrate its potential applications, the model is used to calculate local reproduction numbers in Panama and identify areas of sustained malaria transmission that should be targeted by control interventions.

Potential negative impact of reputed regulators' decisions on the approval status of new cancer drugs in Latin American countries: A descriptive analysis.

BACKGROUND: Many new cancer drugs are being approved by reputed regulatory authorities without evidence of overall survival benefit, quality … marketing authorization at all (2014-2016). RESULTS: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Peru have publicly accessible and trustful MA databases and were included. Of the 17 cancer drugs approved by EMA (2009-2013) without evidence of OS benefit after a postmarketing median time of 5.4 years, 6 LA regulators approved more than 70% o …