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DNA methylation profiling and integrative multi-omics analysis of skin samples reveal important contribution of epigenetics and immune response in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.

The regulatory effect of DNA methylation on the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is completely unknown. Herein we analyzed the DNA methylation profile in skin samples of acne vulgaris and further integrated it with gene expression profiles and single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Finally, 31,134 differentially methylated sites and 770 differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs) were identified. The multi-omics analysis suggested the importance of DNA methylation in inflammation and immunity in acne. And DMEGs were verified in an external dataset and were closely related to early inflammator

The Joint Analysis of Multi-Omics Data Revealed the Methylation-Expression Regulations in Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent heart rhythm disorder. The causes of AF include age, male sex, diabetes, hypertension, valve disease, and systolic/diastolic dysfunction. But on molecular level, its mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we collected 10 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, 10 patients with paroxymal atrial fibrillation and 10 healthy individuals and did Methylation EPICBead Chip and RNA sequencing. By analyzing the methylation and gene expression data using machine learning based feature selection method Boruta, we identified the key genes

Epigenetic Regulation in calcific aortic valve disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder pathologically defined by valvular sclerosis, fibrosis, and ec … D, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications (including methylation and acetylation), and RNA methylation, with a pronounced emphasis on the regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms underlying CAVD, with a specific focus on the role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) meth …

METTL3 regulated by histone lactylation promotes ossification of the ligamentum flavum by enhancing the m6A methylation of BMP2.

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is characterized by ligamentum flavum thickening and subsequent thoracic canal stenosis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the involvement of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in OLF pathogenesis. This study investigates the regulatory role of METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of BMP2 in OLF progression. Clinical ligamentum flavum tissues were analyzed for m6A levels using dot blot analysis. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, and western blot ana

Epigenetic effects of exercise on improving the adverse placental environment associated with maternal overweight and obesity.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore whether maternal exercise has epigenetic effects on improving the adverse placental environment associated with maternal overweight/obesity. METHODS: Based on samples collected from an RCT cohort, differentially methylated genes and expressed protein-coding RNA were identified in the placentas of 16 women with overweight and obesity who did or did not participate in an exercise intervention using the Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip array and RNA Sequencing-Based lncRNA Profiling. Potential target genes were further identified by integrating this informatio

MeCP2 Is an Epigenetic Factor That Links DNA Methylation with Brain Metabolism.

DNA methylation, one of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications, is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Epigenetic mechanisms control cellular morphology and function. Such regulatory mechanisms involve histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, non-coding regulatory RNA molecules, and RNA modifications. One of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation that plays key roles in development, health, and disease. Our brain is probably the most complex part of our body, with a high level of DNA methylation. A key protein that binds

DNA methylation is involved in acclimation to iron-deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa).

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient in plants, and Fe limitation significantly affects plant growth, yield and food quality. While many studies have reported the transcriptomic profile and pursue molecular mechanism in response to Fe limitation, little is known if epigenetic factors play a role in response to Fe-deficiency. In this study, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis, high-throughput RNA-Seq of mRNA, small RNA and transposable element (TE) expression with root and shoot organs of rice seedlings under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions were performed. The results showed

Protein arginine methylation in parasitic protozoa.

Protozoa constitute the earliest branch of the eukaryotic lineage, and several groups of protozoans are serious parasites of humans and other animals. Better understanding of biochemical pathways that are either in common with or divergent from those of higher eukaryotes is integral in the defense against these parasites. In yeast and humans, the posttranslational methylation of arginine residues in proteins affects myriad cellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, DNA replication and repair, and signal transduction. The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that cataly

Differential CpG methylation in the Interferon Gamma (IFNG) promoter correlates with viral load and transcriptional control in people with HIV.

HIV persistence is facilitated by immune evasion strategies that reshape host immune responses. As the Interferon Gamma (IFNG) gene encodes a key immunoregulatory cytokine whose transcriptional competence is governed by promoter CpG methylation, we hypothesized that HIV plasma RNA would track with epigenetic remodeling at the IFNG promoter, altering IFNG mRNA transcription. DNA methylation at the IFNG promoter was quantified by bisulfite sequencing in PBMCs from people with HIV (PWH) with high (n = 16; >5000 copies/µL), medium (n = 18; 500 to 4999 copies/µL), or undetectable (n = 18; ≤50 copie

NSUN2-mediated RNA m5C modification drives multiple myeloma progression by enhancing the stability of HIP1 mRNA.

RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is a crucial epigenetic regulation, and aberrant m5C methylation is associated with the pathogenesis of certain cancers. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of RNA m5C modification in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of the primary m5C methyltransferase, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2), in MM. The results demonstrated NSUN2 overexpression in patients with MM, and higher NSUN2 levels were associated with poorer outcomes. In addition, elevated global

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Evidence From Molecular Studies.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, and heavy metal ions, pose serious threats to reproductive health by interfering with hormonal balance and molecular signaling pathways. Recent research had expanded our understanding of these compounds has beyond their traditional role in hormone receptor interference. EDCs can trigger lasting epigenetic changes, including abnormal DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA methylation, and altered regulation of non-coding RNA, which can impair reproductive functions such as gametogenes…

Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Air Pollution: A Key Driver in Atherosclerosis Development.

Air pollution, a global health concern, is linked to atherosclerosis through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. Long-term exposure to air pollution such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals can induce alterations in DNA methylation patterns, especially in genes regulating inflammation and cholesterol metabolism, contributing to atherosclerosis development. DNA methylation plays a fundamental role in regulating gene expression by silencing or activating genes involved in

RNA N 6-Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of m6A methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes. Remarkably, recent findings have showed that aberrant methylation of m6A-related RNAs could influence cancer metastasis. In this review, we illuminate how m6A m

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… Introduction The discovery of RNA methylation modification, as well as the exploration of its chemical structure and biological function, have opened up a new field of epigenetic research ( 1 – 4 ). … The Chemistries and Consequences of DNA and RNA Methylation and Demethylation . RNA Biol ( 2017 ) 14 ( 9 ): 1099–107 . 10.1080/15476286.2017.1318241 PMC5699545 28440690 2 Pan Y Ma P Liu Y Li W Shu Y . Multiple Functions of M(6)a RNA Methylation in Cancer. J . …

Selective inhibition of the West Nile virus methyltransferase by nucleoside analogs.

The flavivirus methyltransferase (MTase) sequentially methylates the N-7 and 2'-O positions of the viral RNA cap (GpppA-RNA→m(7)GpppA-RNA→m(7)GpppAm-RNA), using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel nucleoside analogs. Two of these compounds can effectively and competitively inhibit the WNV MTase with IC50 values in micromolar range and, more importantly, do not inhibit human MTase. The compounds can also suppress the WNV replication in cell culture.

[Research progress in epigenetic studies on systemic sclerosis].

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology, characterized by vasculopathy, inflammation, and extensive fibrosis in the skin and organs. Fibrosis is the hallmark of SSc and contributes to its high mortality. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the epigenetics of SSc (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA), the DNA methylation and miRNA has been the most widely studied. Abnormal DNA methylation can influence the function of vascular endothelial cells, CD4+ T cells, and fibroblasts in SSc. MiRNAs in serum is closely related to autoantibodie

A comparative study of phyllostachys edulis and its dwarf variant phyllostachys edulis 'Tubaeformis' at the anatomical, transcriptomic, and DNA methylation levels.

Internode length is an important trait of bamboo and a key indicator affecting the processing and utilization of bamboo materials. Shengyin bamboo is a dwarf variant of Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) with abnormally shortened internodes, yet its dwarfing mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, we adopted the method of Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) for DNA methylation combined with RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the key causes of dwarfism in Shengyin bamboo. Observations via paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that abnormal cell divisio

N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase plays a role in hypoxic preconditioning partially through the interaction with lncRNA H19.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a methylation in the N6 position of adenosine especially in the mRNA, exerts diverse physiological and pathological functions. However, the precise role of m6A methylation in hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) is still unknown. Here, we observed that HPC treatment protected H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced injury, upregulated the m6A level in the total RNA and the expression of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase like 14 (METTL14), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19. Either knockdown of METTL3 or METTL14 notably reversed the HPC-induced enhancement of cell

Transcriptome- and Epigenome-Wide Association Studies of Tic Spectrum Disorder in Discordant Monozygotic Twins.

Background: Tic spectrum disorder (TSD), encompassing Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder, is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition with complex genetic and environmental contributions. Heritable components have been implicated in TSD, but no clear genetic mechanisms have been identified. Significant aspects of TSD etiology remain unclear, with key uncertainties concerning the role of environmental influences in its development. In this study, we aimed to identify environmentally induced epigenomic and transcriptomic changes contributing to TSD pathology by investigating geneti

PiRNA-DQ541777 Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via Targeting Cdk5rap1.

Piwi-Interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small noncoding RNA and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, whether it has a role in pain modulation remains unknown. In the present study, we found that spinal piRNA-DQ541777 (piR-DQ541777) was significantly increased in the male mouse model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain. Knockdown of spinal piR-DQ541777 alleviated CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and spinal neuronal sensitization. However, the overexpression of spinal piR-DQ541777 i

The methylation pattern of osimertinib resistance: prospects for diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.

Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but drug resistance significantly worsens pat … ons, and signaling pathways. It systematically analyzes recent literature on how changes in DNA and RNA methylation patterns affect EGFR mutation status, drug transporter function, and intracellular signaling, providing a theoretical framework for understanding osimertinib resistance. Further research on the interaction between DNA methylation and other resistanc …