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Phytolith particulate matter and its potential human and environmental effects.

Particulate matter from both natural and anthropogenic sources is known to affect air quality and human health. However, the abundance and varied composition of the suspended particulate matter make it difficult to locate the precise precursors for some of these atmospheric pollutants. Plants deposit appreciable quantities of microscopic biogenic silica in and/or between their cells, known as phytoliths, which get released into the soil surface after the death and decomposition of plants. Dust storms from exposed terrains, forest fires, and stubble burning disperse these phytoliths into the at…

Points to consider when developing drugs for dry eye syndrome.

Changes in both the social environment (e.g., the increased use of electronic media) and the atmospheric environment (e.g., air pollution and dust) have contributed to an increasing incidence of eye disease and an increased need for eye care. Notably, the signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome can impact the daily quality of life for various age groups, including the elderly, and usually requires active treatment. The symptoms of dry eye syndrome include tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. As treatments for dry eye are…

Silica associated systemic sclerosis: an occupational health hazard.

A middle-aged male working in the sandblasting and stone-cutting industry was brought to the medicine department with skin tightness, dysphagia and discolouration of the skin for the last 1 year. On examination, he had skin thickening over the face and the extremities with restricted mouth opening. His hands were cold and showed peripheral cyanosis. Systemic examination was suggestive of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, further confirmed by the antinuclear antibody testing. Further, CT of the chest showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy with eggshell calcification and interstitial fibrosis co…

COVID-19-related bilateral acute de-pigmentation of iris with ocular hypertension.

A 43-year-old male patient presented with acute blurring of vision in both eyes associated with photophobia, redness, and mild pain following coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection. Clinical examination revealed extensive pigment dusting in the corneal endothelium and the trabecular meshwork with de-pigmentation bands in the iris periphery. The patient was managed empirically with topical anti-glaucoma medications for high intra-ocular pressure. The patient was prescribed systemic antibiotics including cephalosporins and amoxicillin for respiratory symptoms. A rare condition called bila…

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease (NTM-LD): Current Recommendations on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Management.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of ubiquitous environmental bacteria that can be found in soil, dust, and water. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common pathogen and the one most associated with chronic pulmonary disease. In recent years, the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex-related pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) has increased and is an emerging public health concern. This is due to a combination of environmental and geographic factors, dynamic changes in organism virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility, and evolving host susceptibility. Given the dynamic nat…

Irritant-Induced Asthma.

Irritant-induced asthma (IIA) is a phenotype of asthma caused by the inhalation of irritant agents. Definite, probable, or possible IIA have been described, depending on the concentration of the inhaled irritants and the onset of respiratory symptoms respective to the time of exposure. Definite IIA represents approximately 4% to 14% of all cases of new-onset work-related asthma. Agents responsible for IIA can be encountered as fumes, gases, aerosols, or dusts. The most frequent are chlorine, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, acetic acid, solvents, and cleaning materials. Although the d…

[Cough from an allergological as well as from the ENT aspect].

Cough from an allergological as well as from the ENT aspect Abstract. Cough is a common problem in the allergological, but less so in the rhinological consultation. The differential diagnostic spectrum for cough is extensive and may range from rhinitis and asthma to eosinophilic esophagitis and rarer diseases. In the case of chronic cough (> 2 months), the four most frequent causes must be sought, or be excluded (upper airway cough syndrome, asthma [cough-variant-asthma], non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease). Aeroallergens such as pollen, house-dust mites or …

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Children's Environmental Health.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has dramatically altered the health and well-being of children, particularly as they have been isolated indoors and in their homes as a result of social distancing measures. In this article, we describe several of the environmental threats that are affecting the health of children during the pandemic. These include increased exposure to household cleaning products, chemicals and lead in dust, indoor air pollutants, screen time, family stress, and firearms, as well as decreased availability of food, social supports, and routine childhood screenings. Importa…

The impact of foreign direct investment on sustainable development in China.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on sustainable development (SD) in China by using … halo hypothesis. In addition, in the short-term, pollution variables (sulfur dioxide and smoke and dust) cause significant variances on the amount of FDI inflows into China. However, they significantly lose their variation effect to FDI inflows in the long run due to the utilization of advanced technologies. Lastly, it is recommended that stricter env …

Environmental safety and biosafety in construction biotechnology.

The topics of Construction Biotechnology are the development of construction biomaterials and construction biotechnologies for soil biocemen … s, landfills or tunnels, sealing of the channels and the ponds, prevention of soil erosion and soil dust emission, mitigation of soil liquefaction, and immobilization of soil pollutants.

Измерять ионизирующую фракцию в самолете от массивного протостара.

Важно определить, образуются ли массивные звезды через аккрецию диска, как и их низкомассовые аналоги. Теория и наблюдения указывают на то, что протозвезды являются естественным следствием аккреционных дисков и, вероятно, имеют решающее значение для устранения углового импульса во время краха. Однако массивные протостары, как правило, более редкие, более отдаленные и более окутанные пылью, что затрудняет проведение наблюдений за их реактивными самолетами. Один из основополагающих вопросов заключается в том, является ли степень ионизации в реактивных самолетах одинаковой во всем массовом спектр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
It is important to determine if massive stars form via disc accretion, like their low-mass counterparts. Theory and observation indicate that protostellar jets are a natural consequence of accretion discs and are likely to be crucial for removing angular momentum during the collapse. However, massive protostars are typically rarer, more distant and more dust…

Disseminated blastomycosis in coalworkers' pneumoconiosis.

Blastomyces dermatitidis is a thermally dimorphic fungus that can cause pulmonary, extrapulmonary, or disseminated infections. Though it can infect both immune-competent and immunocompromised hosts, the disease can be severe in immunocompromised hosts. Exposure to silica dust is associated with silicosis, and this is associated with impaired immunity and an increased risk of mycobacterial and fungal infections. The fungal infections commonly associated with pneumoconiosis are pulmonary aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. However, there is a dearth of data on …

[Health Risk Factors for Housing Environment and Risk Management].

After the 1990s, many effective measures were taken to improve indoor air pollution in Japan. However, as a result of major changes in building materials, consumer products, and lifestyle, and new scientific findings on health effects associated with indoor environmental pollution, new issues have been indicated, such as chemical pollutants in indoor dusts or indoor pollutants caused by new chemicals that were substituted from chemicals that Indoor Air Quality Guideline was set. On the other hand, scientific evidence for the links between housing environment and health has accumulated substant…

[Importance for surveillance on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese adults].

The first national surveillance of COPD in mainland China was carried out in 2014, with the nationally representative data obtained. The nat … analyzed the rate of main risk factors for COPD, such as tobacco smoking, occupational exposure to dust or chemical and indoor exposure to biomass or coal, and the distribution of high-risk population. This study provided fundamental data for the prevention and control of COPD in China.

Deletion of PIKfyve alters alveolar macrophage populations and exacerbates allergic inflammation in mice.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are specialized tissue-resident macrophages that orchestrate the immune responses to inhaled pathogens and maintain organ homeostasis of the lung. Dysregulation of AMs is associated with allergic inflammation and asthma. Here, we examined the role of a phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve in AM development and function. Mice with conditionally deleted PIKfyve in macrophages have altered AM populations. PIKfyve deficiency results in a loss of AKT activation in response to GM-CSF, a cytokine critical for AM development. Upon exposure to house dust mite extract, mutant mice …

Agility in adversity: Vaccines on Demand.

Is the US ready for a biological attack using Ebola virus or Anthrax? Will vaccine developers be able to produce a Zika virus vaccine, befor … mand will relegate expensive and, in some cases, insufficiently effective vaccine stockpiles to the dust heap of history.

Air embolism: a complication of computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy.

Air embolism is a pathological condition caused by the entry of gas into vascular structures. It is a rare but feared complication due to it … atients suffered myocardial infarction without associated mortality. One patient showed anthracotic dust deposits in the lung biopsy suggestive of pneumoconiosis, and there was no definitive diagnosis in the other. We strongly believe that because of the very low incidence but high mortality of this entity, all physicians should be aware of this compli …

Application of CdSe quantum dots for the direct detection of TNT.

CdSe quantum dots were synthesized through a simple, green organic-phase method. Paraffin was used as the reaction solvent and a reducing ag … NT detection limit was 2.1×10(-8)mol/L. The method was successfully used to determine TNT-explosion dust samples, results were satisfactory. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of oil-soluble CdSe quantum dots by TNT was also discussed.

Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) initially misdiagnosed as acute iridocyclitis.

Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a relatively new clinical entity characterized by bilateral acute loss of iris pigment epit … led bilateral pigment dispersion into the anterior chamber, diffuse iris transillumination, pigment dusting on the anterior lens capsule, atonic and distorted pupils, and increased intraocular pressure, suggesting a diagnosis of BAIT rather than iridocyclitis. Clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnosis of syndromes associated with pigment …

[Occupational allergies against pepsin, chymosin and microbial rennet].

Rennet is a mixture of the proteolytic enzymes pepsin and chymosin (rennin), which is usually obtained from the fourth stomach of young ruminants. While pepsin is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, both enzymes (pepsin and chymosin) are used for the coagulation of milk protein in the manufacture of cheese. Additionally, microbial rennet, which is naturally produced by certain microorganisms, has been used as a substitute for natural rennet in the cheese production for decades. Exposure to enzyme dusts has long been known to cause occupational immediate hypersensitivities. The present pa…