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Mentoring highly aggressive children: pre-post changes in mentors' attitudes, personality, and attachment tendencies.

This study examined the degree to which mentoring highly aggressive children was associated with changes in mentors' attitudes, personality, and attachment tendencies. Participants were 102 college students who each mentored an aggressive, high-risk child across three academic semesters (spring, fall, spring). We examined pre- to post-mentoring changes in attitudes about mentoring efficacy and future parenting, Big Five personality characteristics, and attachment tendencies. Mentors also rated the impact of the mentoring relationship in their lives, and both mentors and mentees rated support o…

The anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation: accounting for co-morbidity via underlying personality traits.

BACKGROUND: The anxiety disorders are robust correlates/predictors of suicidal ideation, but it is unclear whether (a) the anxiety disorders are specifically associated with suicidal ideation or (b) the association is due to co-morbidity with depression and other disorders. One means of modeling co-morbidity is through the personality traits neuroticism/negative emotionality (N/NE) and extraversion/positive emotionality (E/PE), which account for substantial shared variance among the internalizing disorders. The current study examines the association between the internalizing disorders and suic…

Dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal volume and spatial working memory in schizotypal personality disorder.

Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) individuals and borderline personality disorder (BPD) individuals have been reported to show neuropsychological impairments and abnormalities in brain structure. However, relationships between neuropsychological function and brain structure in these groups are not well understood. This study compared visual-spatial working memory (SWM) and its associations with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) gray matter volume in 18 unmedicated SPD patients with no BPD traits, 18 unmedicated BPD patients with no SPD trai…

Process and outcome in psychodynamic hospitalization-based treatment for patients with a personality disorder.

This study examined the relationship between the psychotherapeutic process and outcome in 44 patients who completed hospitalization-based psychodynamic treatment for personality disorders. Using self-report and interview ratings, outcome was assessed in terms of symptoms and personality functioning, and the psychotherapeutic process in terms of self and object relations, felt safety, and reflective functioning. Symptom and process measures were administered at intake, every 3 months during treatment, and at 3 and 12 months follow-up. Personality measures were collected at intake, the end of tr…

Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis using mixed-effects modeling.

OBJECTIVE: At present, the most frequently investigated psychosocial intervention for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and long-term effectiveness of DBT. METHOD: Systematic bibliographic research was undertaken to find relevant literature from online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsychSpider, Medline). We excluded studies in which patients with diagnoses other than BPD were treated, the treatment did not comprise all components specified in the DBT manual or in the suggestions for inpatient DBT pr…

[Personality disorders and abstinence from tobacco consumption in a psychological treatment to stop smoking].

The relationship between the presence of personality disorders and the effectiveness of a psychological treatment to stop smoking, measured in terms of abstinence at the end of treatment and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups was studied. The sample was made up of 202 smokers who received Becoña's psychological treatment called Program to stop smoking . The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II) was used to assess personality disorders. Abstinence at the end of treatment and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups was confirmed by a test of carbon monoxide in exhaled air. The results revealed…

Coping flexibility in young adults: comparison between subjects with and without schizotypal personality features.

The current study examined characteristics of coping patterns adopted by college students in mainland China. In particular, it examined the coping strategies adopted by subjects with schizotypal personality (SPD) features compared to those without SPD features, and compared the relative effectiveness of their coping. Four types of coping flexibility were identified among the college sample (n=427), including active-inflexible, passive-inflexible, active-inconsistent, and passive-inconsistent styles. The passive-inconsistent style was related to the worst outcomes. When comparing subjects with …

Cascades of Emotion: The Emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder from Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation.

Theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) have often considered it a disorder involving both emotional and behavioral dysregulation (Linehan, 1993), yet the connection between these phenomena has been elusive. The following paper proposes the Emotional Cascade Model, a model that attempts to establish a clear relationship between emotional dysregulation and the wide array of dysregulated behaviors found in BPD. In this model, subsequent to an emotional stimulus, ruminative processes result in a positive feedback loop that increases emotional intensity, and this emotional intensity lead…

Impulsivity and borderline personality as risk factors for suicide attempts among opioid-dependent individuals.

The study aimed to examine the association of impulsivity and screening positively for borderline personality disorder (BPD+) as risk factors for suicide attempts among opioid-dependent individuals. The study used a case-control design with 775 opioid-dependent cases and 306 non-opioid-dependent controls. Cases were more likely than controls to screen BPD+ and to be classed as highly impulsive. Significant risk for lifetime suicide attempt was associated with screening BPD+ and also with high impulsivity. A number of risk factors were identified for suicide attempts among those with either hig…

Personality types and performance on aptitude and achievement tests: implications for osteopathic medical education.

CONTEXT: Several studies have shown that the personality types of medical and dental students affect performance on aptitude and achievement examinations. However, such studies are lacking in osteopathic medical literature. OBJECTIVE: To determine if personality type is associated with performance on aptitude and achievement tests taken by osteopathic medical students. METHODS: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to determine the mental-function pairs-sensing-thinking, intuition-thinking, sensing-feeling, or intuition-feeling-of osteopathic medical students at Midwestern Universi…

The development of a specialist hostel for the community management of personality disordered offenders.

BACKGROUND: Since the late 1990s, in England and in Wales, there has been increasing interest in the particular challenges of managing offenders with personality disorder (PD). In 1999, a specialist hostel, managed by the probation service but with a high level of forensic mental health service input, was opened to high-risk PD offenders. AIMS: To describe the first 93 high-risk residents with PD who were completing sentences under life licence, parole or probation, and their outcome. METHODS: We investigated the nature of the offences residents had previously committed, their psychological …

Trajectories of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders in a Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders.

This study investigated the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in a sample (N = 668) recruited for personality disorders and followed longitudinally as part of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The study both examined rates of co-occurring disorders at baseline and temporal relationships between PTSD and substance use disorders over 4 years. Subjects with a lifetime history of PTSD at baseline had significantly higher rates of SUDs (both alcohol and drug) than subjects without PTSD. Latent class growth analysis, a …

Five-factor model personality traits and the retirement transition: longitudinal and cross-sectional associations.

The authors examined associations between 5-factor personality traits and retirement in a diverse community sample. Longitudinal analyses (n = 367) compared personality trajectories of participants who remained employed and participants who retired. Personality at baseline did not predict future retirement, but compared to participants who remained employed, retirees increased in Agreeableness and decreased in Activity, a facet of Extraversion. In cross-sectional analyses among retirees (n = 144), those low in Neuroticism and high in Extraversion reported higher retirement satisfaction, and th…

Личностные черты и психические состояния мужчин, ведущих активный сексуальный образ жизни, зависимых от метамфетамина и не использующих метамфетамин.

В настоящем анализе рассматривается связь между личностными особенностями, состоянием психического здоровья и использованием метамфетамина (МА) 60 мужчины, вступающие в половые отношения с мужчинами (МСМ). Thirty МВ-зависимые и 30 МВМ неиспользуемых были оценены на Neo Five Инвентаризация факторов, краткий список симптомов, стойкая шкала стресса и контрольный список по посттравматическим стрессовым расстройствам - гражданская версия. Наши результаты свидетельствуют о различиях между группами по различным показателям личностных черт и психических состояний. В частности, участники, зависящие от

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This analysis considers the relation between personality traits, mental health states and methamphetamine (MA) use in 60 men who have sex with men (MSM). Thirty MA-dependent and 30 MA non-using MSM were assessed on the Neo Five Factor Inventory, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian …

Smoking in prison: a hierarchical approach at the crossroad of personality and childhood events.

BACKGROUND: Smoking has long been considered part of prison culture and studies have shown a high prevalence of smoking within correctional … , alcoholism in the family, sexual abuse and psychiatric condition in the family), (iii) education, personality traits, such as impulsivity (Barrat Impulsivity Scale-11), aggression (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Lifetime History of Aggression), and personal history of mental disease, (iv) prison-related features (duration of sentence, sentence alre …

Personality features in subjective cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment--early indicators of dementia?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of personality in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to healthy controls. METHODS: We assessed24 patients with SCI, 35 patients with MCI and 26 healthy controls with the self-report questionnaire Swedish Universities Scales of Personality measuring aspects of neuroticism/anxiety proneness, extraversion, and aggression-hostility. RESULTS: Patients with SCI and MCI showed significantly more Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety and Stress Susceptibility…

Paranoid personality has a dimensional latent structure: taxometric analyses of community and clinical samples.

Although paranoid personality is one of the most commonly diagnosed personality disorders and is associated with numerous negative life consequences, relatively little is known about the structural properties of this condition. This study examines whether paranoid personality traits represent a latent dimension or a discrete class (i.e., taxon). In Study 1, the authors conducted taxometric analyses of paranoid personality disorder criteria in a sample of 731 patients participating in the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders project (Gunderson et al., 2000) who had been adm…

Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of cluster-C, paranoid, and borderline personality disorders.

Despite a lively debate about the dimensional vs. categorical nature of Personality Disorders (PDs), direct empirical tests of the underlying structure are missing for most PDs. Taxometrics can be used to investigate whether latent structures are categorical or dimensional. We investigated the latent structure underlying Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive, Depressive, Paranoid, and Borderline PD by means of three types of taxometric analyses. SCID-II based DSM-IV PD criterion scores from 1,816 patients from Mental Health and Forensic Institutes, and 63 nonpatients, were analyzed with th…

Elements of affective instability associated with suicidal behaviour in patients with borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To identify elements of affective instability associated with an increased likelihood of impulsivity and then to determine whether these elements characterize patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and suicidal behaviour. METHOD: We prospectively followed 82 individuals with BPD and a history of recurrent suicidal behaviour who recorded their current mood states, impulsivity, suicide ideation, and environmental stressors (triggers) 6 times daily over 3 weeks. RESULTS: Our results suggested that mood amplitude was correlated with impulsivity and that 4 subgroups define…