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[Mycoplasma genitalium should be suspected in unspecific urethritis and cervicitis. A study from Vasterbotten confirms the high prevalence of the bacteria].

The microbe Mycoplasma genitalium has in several studies been proposed as an individual cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men, and … nitalium. In the same group 60 (7.3%) patients, 16 (4.7%) women and 44 (9.1%) men, were infected by Chlamydia trachomatis. None of the 22 patients that were tested after treatment with azitromycin was still infected.

[Differential diagnosis and therapy of male urethritis].

The infectious male urethritis is characterized by the urethral discharge, which is clear or purulent due to the number of leucocytes. Infection occurs mostly in sexual intercourse. Neisseria gonorrhoeae today causes only about 20-30% of the infections. Gramnegative bacteria are demonstrable by microscopic examination of the urethral discharge, otherwise by cultivation. Ureaplasma and chlamydia trachomatis, an intracellular growing bacterium, are the most frequent agents in infectious urethritis. They are often found together, the cultivation requires special laboratory conditions. They are co…

Rectal chlamydia--a reservoir of undiagnosed infection in men who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of rectal chlamydia infection in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the proportion of infection that would be missed without routine screening. METHODS: MSM presenting to four HIV/GUM outpatient clinics at the Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust between 1 November 2005 and 29 September 2006 were offered testing for rectal chlamydia infection in addition to their routine screen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) tests were performed using the Beckton-Dickinson Probe-Tec Strand Displacement A…

Relationship of cervical ectopy to chlamydia infection in young women.

OBJECTIVE: Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the UK. Behaviours including multiple sex partners and inconsistent condom use, and biological factors such as cervical ectopy, may increase susceptibility to STIs. Cervical ectopy is thought to increase risk of chlamydia infection by exposing columnar epithelium to a potential infectious inoculum. This study aimed to determine whether chlamydia was more prevalent in young women with cervical ectopy. METHODS: Clinical notes of women aged 16-24 years attending the Portsmouth …

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms.

The current taxonomic classification of Chlamydia is based on limited phenotypic, morphologic and genetic criteria. This classification does … mydophila gen. nov. Two new species, Chlamydia muridarum sp. nov. and Chlamydia suis sp. nov., join Chlamydia trachomatis in the emended genus Chlamydia. Chlamydophila gen. nov. assimilates the current species, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci, to form Chlamydophila pecorum comb. nov., Chlamydophila pneumoniae comb. nov. and Chlamydophila …

[Chlamydia infections].

Chlamydia trachomatis is a pathogen with an intracellular developmental cycle. Sexually transmitted infection with serotypes D to K can lead to cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis and urethritis, however, symptoms are commonly mild. Newborns of mothers with cervical infection or colonisation can acquire inclusion conjunctivitis and atypical pneumonia. An efficient prophylaxis is not available so far. Antimicrobial therapy should be initiated as soon as chlamydial infection is confirmed, e.g. with tetracyclines or erythromycin. Partner treatment is mandatory.

Ambulatory procedures in anorectal surgery.

In view of the broad spectrum of conventional and unconventional STDs in the homosexual man, the following diagnostic workup is recommended: History. Physical examination, including proctosigmoidoscopy with biopsy. Urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal cultures. Darkfield examination of any genital ulceration. Stool cultures for bacteria and parasites. Serologic analysis, including VDRL and, where indicated, for Chlamydia trachomatis and amebiasis. It is an essential part of proctologic practice for the surgeon to be able to recognize, diagnose, and treat sexually transmitted diseases.

Salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Chlamydia trachomatis is becoming an increasingly important etiologic agent. The physician must also be aware of other nongonococcal causes of pelvic inflammatory disease, such as Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, coliforms and anaerobes. Epidemiologic characteristics of the various microorganisms differ, with the frequency of nongonococcal disease higher in older women. Intrauterine devices increase the potential for pelvic inflammatory disease. The rising incidence of nongonococcal and dual infections has led to therapeutic and preventive techniques aimed at multiple etiologies.

Prevalence of acute conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus in an ophthalmic casualty department.

The causes of acute conjunctivitis in 140 consecutive patients attending an ophthalmic casualty department in London were investigated. Laboratory evidence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, adenovirus, or herpes simplex virus was found in 52 (37%) cases. In 70 cases (50%) no evidence of infection with these agents was found. In the remaining 18 cases (13%) laboratory results were inconclusive. The importance of these findings, the role of laboratory investigations in the differential diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis, and their cost-benefit are discussed.

Investigating possibilities for surveillance of long term chlamydia complications in the Netherlands: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is one of the most reported bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. Chlamydia can cause long term complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP) and tubal factor infertility (TFI). Changing testing strategies, for example reduced asymptomatic testing, influence chlamydia surveillance, highlighting the need for exploring alternative ways of monitoring chlamydia. We investigated the possibility of introducing routine surveillance of chlamydia related long term complications. METHODS: A qualitative …

Multinucleation during C. trachomatis infections is caused by the contribution of two effector pathways.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and the second leading cause of sexually transmitted infections in the US. Infections cause significant morbidity and can lead to serious reproductive sequelae, including an epidemiological link to increased rates of reproductive cancers. One of the overt changes that infected cells exhibit is the development of genomic instability leading to multinucleation. Here we demonstrate that the induction of multinucleation is not conserved equally across chlamydial species; C. trachomatis L2 caused high levels of multinucleation, C…

Infertility and chlamydial infection.

The prevalence of humoral IgG and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 105 infertile women who underwent laparoscopy and/or laparatomy, and 90 pregnant women without any known fertility problems (control group). For chlamydial culture, cervical and urethral specimens were collected both from the infertile and the pregnant women, whereas specimens from the fallopian tubes were collected from the infertile women only. Among infertile subjects with abnormal fallopian tube findings, the prevalence of IgG as well as IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis was significantly higher than…

Surveillance, prevention, and control of sexually transmitted agents associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Control and prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease would result from successful control of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. The same control system applies to both, but while this system is well documented in gonorrhea control, there is still no evidence that it is effective for C. trachomatis infections. Primary prevention of PID should be realized through a reduction of the incidence of gonorrhea, and the available techniques--(1) contact tracing and epidemiologic treatment, (2) screening and case finding, (3) preventive measures, (4) health education, a…

Community-level Association between Clinical Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydia Infection after MASS Azithromycin Distribution in a Mesoendemic Region of Niger.

Purpose: The clinical sign trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) is used to monitor indication for and response to mass azithromycin distribution in trachoma-endemic communities. Here, we assess the relationship between TF, trachomatous inflammation - intense (TI), and infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis over time during annual mass azithromycin distribution. Methods: We used data from a cluster-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control in a mesoendemic region of Niger. This study includes 24 communities that received 3 years of annual mass azithromy…

Repeated school-based screening for sexually transmitted diseases: a feasible strategy for reaching adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether repeated school-based screening and treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea will decrease the prevalence of i … of infected students with oral single-dose antibiotic therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea infection. RESULTS: At first test, 286 (11.5%) of 2497 girls and 143 (6.2%) of 2308 boys were infected with chlamydia, and 48 (2.5%) of 1883 girls and 19 (1.2%) of 1628 boys had gonorrhea. Over 90% of infections were asymptomatic. Wit …

Sexually transmitted infections among women living with HIV in a Brazilian city.

BACKGROUND: Clinical improvements following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may increase high-risk behaviors resulting in sexually transmitted infections (STI). Optimism related to the success of HAART in slowing disease progression, reducing viral load, and improving health status might be important factors for increasing sexual risk behaviors such as less use of condoms. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, high-risk HPV, and cervical cytological abnormalities among women living with HIV (WLHIV) who…

Боковой Gene Translation между Girant Viruses of Family Mimiviridae и Chlamidiae.

Обязанность к внутриклеточному хламидии разошлась в патогенном и экологическом хламидии 0,7-1,4 миллиарда лет назад. В то время как патогенные хламидии адаптировались к широкому кругу позвоночных, экологические хламидии обитают в одноклеточном амебе, свободном акантамоэбе. Однако вопрос о том, каким образом и почему произошло это расхождение, остается неясным. В то же время были обнаружены гигантские вирусы, состоящие из вирусов протозоа и вирусов, связанных с вирусом протозоа, при этом предполагается, что первая группа в большей степени повлияла на окружающую среду хламидиаи во время их эволю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Obligate intracellular chlamydiae diverged into pathogenic and environmental chlamydiae 0.7-1.4 billion years ago. While pathogenic chlamydi … diae). Phylogenic analysis with most prevalent sets (Megavirus chiliensis and Protochlamydia EI2 or Chlamydia trachomatis L2 434Bu) showed the presence of orthologs between these with several clustered. In addition, Pearson's single regression analysis revealed that almost the prevalence of the genes from the giant viruses in chlamydial genomes was negatively and speci …

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing in Pregnancy: Time to Improve Adherence and Update Recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate adherence to national recommendations for Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) testing during pregnancy including tests for cure/clearance and for persistence/potential reinfection at time of delivery. METHODS: The authors evaluated results of chlamydia and gonorrhea nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) performed by major national reference laboratory from January 2010 through July 2022. RESULTS: Of 3,519,781 uniquely identified pregnant individuals, the authors identified 4,077,212 pregnancies. Among pregna…

MiR-378b Modulates Chlamydia-Induced Upper Genital Tract Pathology.

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes severe reproductive pathologies such as salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease that can lead to tubal factor infertility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved regulators of mammalian gene expression in development, immunity and pathophysiologic processes during inflammation and infection, including Chlamydia infection. Among the miRNAs involved in regulating host responses and pathologic outcome of Chlamydia infection, we have shown that miR-378b was significantly differentially expressed during primary infection and reinfection. I…

Performance of 4 Molecular Assays for Detection of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in a Sample of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men.

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the preferred method to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but information regarding performance of currently available assays is needed. This study evaluated the performance of the Aptima Combo 2, GeneXpert, cobas4800, and ProbeTec Q (CTQ/GCQ) to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea in pharyngeal, rectal, and urine specimen. METHODS: Adult male patients seen at an urban human immunodeficiency virus clinic in Birmingham, Alabama who reported sex with men (men who have sex with men) and no antibiotic use in the past 30 day…