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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal with a Bauxite Residue for Upgrading High-Value Products: Product Distribution and Kinetic Analysis.

Fast pyrolysis technology can reduce the secondary reactions, improve the volatile product yield, and reduce the semicoke yield. Still, the high proportion of heavy tar components affects the development of fast pyrolysis industrialization. Therefore, this paper put forward a catalytic upgrading method of coal based on the solid waste bauxite residue (BR) as a catalyst. This study investigated the impact of varying particle sizes of pulverized coal and the addition of the BR catalyst on the product distribution and kinetics of coal fast pyrolysis. The results found that the tar yield was the h…

Nanoparticle Tracking of Adenovirus by Light Scattering and Fluorescence Detection.

The detailed characterization of biological nanoparticles is of paramount importance for various industrial sectors, as for production of viral therapeutics. More recently, technologies that allow real-time quantification with simultaneous sizing and determination of surface potentials of virus particles in solution have been developed. In this study, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was applied to determine the size and the zeta potential of human adenovirus type 5 (AdV5), one the most frequently used therapeutic/oncolytic agents and viral vectors. Virus aggregation was detected, and the

Human blood-derived neural progenitor cells as a platform for developmental neurotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly detected in human tissues, including the placenta and brain, raising concerns about their potential impact on early neurodevelopment. However, mechanistic insight is limited by the lack of human-relevant, scalable test systems for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Here, we establish and apply a peripheral blood-derived human neural progenitor cell (NPC) platform as a reproducible in vitro model to evaluate MNP-induced DNT under low-dose conditions reflecting currently available estimates of human exposure. Using this system, we systematically in

Development of Paclitaxel Injection Concentrate for Nanodispersion.

This work provides details of development of paclitaxel injection concentrate for nanodispersion (PICN) which includes excipient screening, optimization process, and stability studies of the PICN formulation. A systematic evaluation of various fatty acids, sterol analogues, polymers, and solvents led to the selection of a synergistic excipient system for PICN consisting of sodium cholesterol sulphate, caprylic acid and povidone K12 dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 and ethanol. PICN reliably forms nanodispersion with particle sizes in the 50-150 nm range upon reconstitution in 5% dextrose s…

Подготовка и характеристика повода для высвобождения PVA: Na-Alg Микросфера, содержащая фамфридин.

ЦЕЛИ: В настоящем исследовании основное внимание уделяется как формулированию микросфер на основе биоизоляции, содержащих фэмфридин, для лечения множественного склероза, так и альтернативе коммерчески доступному продукту (Fampyra 10 мг, Biogen). МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Инкапсулирование фамфридина было достигнуто с использованием поливинил-алкоголиков (PVA) и алгинатов натрия (Na-Alg). Глутаральдегид (ГА) и соляная кислота (ГКИ) использовались в качестве связующих веществ. Проведена оценка полимерного соотношения (PVA: Na-Alg), лекарственного средства: полимерного соотношения (d:p), перекрестного с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on both the formulation of bio-based microspheres containing fampridine for the treatment of multiple scleros … l scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform-infrared transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The particle sizes of the fampridine-loaded microspheres were determined using a laser light scattering device. RESULTS: The study revealed that the optimal conditions for achieving the highest fampridine release involved microspheres formulated with a polymer ratio …

Ag+-promoted zinc oxide [Zn(O):Ag]: A novel structure for safe protection of human skin against UVA radiation.

Different sunscreens are employed to prevent photo damage (cancer, inflammation, etc.), including ZnO. ZnO is safe when applied as micro-size particle. To overcome some visual problems of ZnO micro-size particles, this sunscreen has been introduced as nano-size particles. Unfortunately, ZnO nanoparticles have raised some health concerns, due to Zn+2 release. On the other hand, it has been shown that ZnO metallic lattice change by metal doping decreases its solubility and toxicity. Therefore, we have decided here to develop new ZnO metallic lattice to reduce its cytotoxicity. In this study, Ag+

Nanoplastics as disruptors of microtubule dynamics and intracellular trafficking: implications for cellular senescence and ageing.

Nanoplastics (NPs) are increasingly recognized as persistent intracellular cargoes whose long-term effects may depend not only on chemical r … ng NP exposure to altered microtubule states and trafficking-related dysfunction, while considering particle size, shape, surface chemistry, aggregation, exposure duration, and intracellular burden as important determinants of particle fate and cellular response. We propose microtubule-dependent trafficking congestion as a testable framework in which persistent …

Co-spray drying of cannabidiol and vancomycin combination powder formulations for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus respiratory infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause life-threatening respiratory infections. Conventional oral and parenteral antib … wders. The powders were evaluated for their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, including particle size distribution and morphology, solid-state characteristics, water sorption behaviour, aerosol performance, and 24-hour time-kill assay. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the particles of all formulations were hollow and wrinkled. X-ray d …

Quantifying Photochemical Propulsion in Light-Powered Janus Micromotors.

Active colloids that convert light into motion provide insight into nonequilibrium chemical systems and routes toward microscale engines. Here we quantify the propulsion dynamics and force generation of light-activated Au-TiO2 Janus particles and their optically trappable polystyrene (PS) core-shell Au-PS@TiO2 analogues. By varying particle size, metal thickness, fuel concentration, and illumination wavelength, we show how photochemical energy conversion at the Au-TiO2 interface governs propulsion, yielding average velocities 33.2 ± 2.99 μm s-1 with instantaneous velocities up to ∼100 μm s-1. …

Rotating magnetic field induced oscillation of magnetic particles for in vivo mechanical destruction of malignant glioma.

Magnetic particles that can be precisely controlled under a magnetic field and transduce energy from the applied field open the way for innovative cancer treatment. Although these particles represent an area of active development for drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia, the in vivo anti-tumor effect under a low-frequency magnetic field using magnetic particles has not yet been demonstrated. To-date, induced cancer cell death via the oscillation of nanoparticles under a low-frequency magnetic field has only been observed in vitro. In this report, we demonstrate the successful use of spin-vo

The nature of virus-like particles in the paraxial muscles of idiopathic scoliosis.

Virus-like particles (VLP) have been identified by electronmicroscopy in the skeletal muscles (paraxials) of six cases of idiopathic scoliosis. These particles closely resembled VLP reported in the skeletal muscles in other conditions, e.g. Reye's syndrome, polymyositis, malignant hyperthermia, and chronic myopathy. We have shown by specific staining that these structures are composed of glycogen in a crystalline form. Using Coxsackie B infected tissue culture cells as a control we have shown that these viruses, which are of similar shape and size to the VLP, were unstained using this specific

Online colloidal particle monitoring for controlled coagulation pretreatment to lower microfiltration membrane fouling at a potable water reuse facility.

Fouling of microfiltration (MF)) membranes during water/wastewater treatment is predominantly caused by colloidal particles (size <1 µm) in the feed water. Until recently no online technology was available to directly measure the occurrence of colloidal particles in these waters. This study evaluated the viability of a novel online light scattering technology (Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) to continuously monitor colloidal particles in the membrane feed water (a secondary-treated wastewater) for targeted removal by injecting coagulant at a dosage proportional to the measured concentration of

Polyclonal B cells acquire LCMV antigens in a GP1-dependent manner.

The polyclonal, T-dependent nature of hypergammaglobulinemia during murine infection with LCMV is well defined, however the mechanism by which polyclonal B cells acquire antigens for presentation remains unknown. Here we use LCMV-specific CD4 + transgenic T cells to explore several hypotheses for B cell antigen uptake. We found that antigens produced by cells infected with LCMV in vitro are available to polyclonal B cells and their presentation to CD4+ T cells enabled robust co-activation. The in vitro nature of our model demonstrates that in vivo factors such as cytokine milieu and antigen re

Advanced Lipoprotein Analysis Shows Atherogenic Lipid Profile That Improves After Metreleptin in Patients with Lipodystrophy.

CONTEXT: Patients with lipodystrophy have dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Leptin treatment with metreleptin in lipodystrophy decreases insulin resistance and lowers triglycerides without changing high-density lipoprotein. Detailed measurement of lipoprotein particles with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can offer insights into cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and lipid metabolism beyond a standard lipid panel. We hypothesized that patients with lipodystrophy would have a more atherogenic lipid profile than controls at baseline, which would be ameliorated with metreleptin tr

A novel bioactive glass-ceramic for treating dentin hypersensitivity.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful response to stimulus applied to the open dentinal tubules of a vital tooth. It's a common oral condition, however, without an ideal treatment available yet. This work evaluated in vitro the effect of micron-sized particles from a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) in occluding open dentinal tubules. A dentin disc model was employed to observe comparatively, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dentinal tubule occlusion by different products and deposition of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) on dentin surface by Biosilicate, after a single

Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential of colloidal mixtures of amelogenin and hydroxyapatite in calcium and phosphate rich ionic milieus.

The concept of zeta-potential has been used for more than a century as a basic parameter in controlling the stability of colloidal suspensions, irrespective of the nature of their particulate ingredients--organic or inorganic. There are prospects that self-assembly of peptide species and the protein-mineral interactions related to biomineralization may be controlled using this fundamental physicochemical parameter. In this study, we have analysed the particle size and zeta-potential of the full-length recombinant human amelogenin (rH174), the main protein of the developing enamel matrix, in th…

Morphological specializations of the buccal cavity in relation to the food and feeding habit of a carp Cirrhinus mrigala: a scanning electron microscopic investigation.

The buccal cavity of an herbivorous fish, Cirrhinus mrigala, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy to determine its surface ultrastructure. The buccal cavity shows significant adaptive modifications in relation to food and feeding ecology of the fish. The buccal cavity of the fish is of modest size and limited capacity, which is considered an adaptation with respect to the small-sized food items primarily consumed by the fish that could be accommodated in a small space. Modification of surface epithelial cells, on the upper jaw, into characteristic structures-the unculi-is considere

Apolipoprotein A-II/A-I ratio is a key determinant in vivo of HDL concentration and formation of pre-beta HDL containing apolipoprotein A-II.

Overexpression of human apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) in mice induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and marked reduction in plasma HDL concentration and particle size [Boisfer et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11564-11572]. We presently compared lipoprotein metabolism in three transgenic lines displaying plasma concentrations of human apo A-II ranging from normal to 4 times higher, under ad libitum feeding and after an overnight fast. Fasting dramatically decreased VLDL and lowered circulating human apo A-II in transgenic mice; conversely, plasma HDL levels increased in all genotypes. The…

Hexavalent chromium responsible for lung lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of chromium fumes in rats.

Lung toxicity of chromium fumes (Cr fumes) was examined by a single intratracheal instillation into rats of 10.6 mg and 21.3 mg Cr fumes/kg body weight and by repeated (3 times) instillations of 10.8 mg and 21.7 mg Cr fumes/kg. The pathological changes were compared with those induced by single administrations of 3.2 mg and 19.2 mg Na2CO3 solution-insoluble fraction of Cr fumes (Cr-Fr)/kg and 20.8 mg commercially available chromium (III) oxide powder (Cr (III) oxide)/kg. Single and repeated administrations of Cr fumes suppressed growth rate in a dose-dependent manner, but administrations of Cr

Relationship of decreased hepatic lipase activity and lipoprotein abnormalities to essential fatty acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis patients.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to affect plasma lipids and lipoproteins but there is no information on the effect of essential fatty … n both CF groups, it was more sizable in the EFAD patients. These changes led to an increase in the particle size of VLDL, LDL, and HDL2 whereas the distribution of HDL3 was skewed to smaller particles. Alterations in the apoprotein composition of particles were greater in EFAD than in EFAS. A decrease of total postheparin lipolytic activity was observed in the …