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Carnosic acid inhibits integrin expression and prevents pulmonary metastasis of melanoma.

Carnosic acid is a naturally occurring, plant-derived polyphenolic abietane diterpene with antitumor properties. However, its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of carnosic acid on lung metastasis in a murine melanoma model. C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with B16-BL6 cells, followed by carnosic acid treatment. Lung weights were recorded, and tumor cell colonies were counted at the end of the experiment. Integrin expression was evaluated using flow cytometry and cell adhesion assays. Lung weights were significantly lower in the carnosic ac

Identification of key metabolites in fermented quinoa and their α-glucosidase inhibitory mechanisms using widely targeted metabolomics and molecular simulation.

This study systematically analyzed metabolite changes in quinoa after lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation and the hypoglycemic mechanism of key metabolites inhibiting α-glucosidase. Mixed LAB fermentation significantly altered the metabolic profile of quinoa, and a total of 627 differential metabolites were identified, among which 471 were significantly up-regulated. After fermentation, the levels of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acid derivatives increased significantly, and five new flavonoid metabolites were detected. The polyphenol extract from fermented quinoa (FQP) significant

Long-lasting comfort ocular surface drug delivery by in situ formation of an adhesive lubricative Janus nanocoating.

Topical drug delivery on ocular surface always suffers from frequent administration and low bioavailability due to short drug residence. Despite advances of different adhesive ophthalmic drugs in extending release, cornea and eyelid nonselective adhesion inevitably causes ocular discomfort and even damage. Here, we describe in situ formation of an adhesive lubricative Janus nanocoating (ALJN) to enable long-lasting comfort drug delivery. By iron complexation, an asymmetric ALJN is formed on ocular surface via facile sequential instillation. The adhesive polyphenol inner layer binding with ocul

Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb) Bark Extract Reduces ROS Production in Diabetic Human Coronary Endothelial Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction contributes to endothelial dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb), a native Brazilian fruit, is rich in polyphenolic antioxidants. We investigated whether its ethanolic bark extract modulates ROS levels and promotes proliferation in human coronary artery endothelial cells from patients with diabetes (D-HCAECs). Cells were treated with pequi extract under normoxic, hypoxic, or H2O2-induced oxidative stress conditions. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS levels, cell proliferation, and the expression of antioxid

Inducing a synergistic anti-obesity effect by increasing the bioavailability of the flavonoid rutin with a L. plantarum strain.

Rutin, a sugar-bonded flavonoid, exhibits anti-obesity potential but has limited bioavailability unless hydrolyzed to isoquercetin or further to quercetin. This study evaluated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC03 (HAC03), isolated from Korean white kimchi, as an effective facilitator of rutin bioavailability. HAC03 rapidly converted rutin into isoquercetin and, at a slower rate, to quercetin both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike HAC03-only or rutin-only groups, co-administration of HAC03 and rutin synergistically reduced body weight, adipocyte size, and obesity biomarkers by suppressing fat synthe

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anthelmintic Properties of Tithonia diversifolia Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Nematode Eggs Using In Vitro Assays.

Parasitic diseases caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are considered important limiting factors for livestock production worldwide, as they significantly compromise animal welfare and increase production costs. For years, parasite control has relied exclusively on the use of synthetic drugs. Resistance of GIN to commercial anthelmintics has been increasingly reported throughout the world. Therefore, alternative approaches have emerged for controlling GIN in farm animals, including the exploration of plants with bioactive potential. Tithonia diversifolia can be harvested year-round, and

Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts from Prokupac Grape Skins for Functional Foods.

The phenolic compounds present in wine industry by-products are a valuable source of biologically active ingredients that could be used in the development of functional foods. This manuscript investigates the potential of ultrasound-assisted extracts from Prokupac grape skins-a wine industry by-product-as functional food ingredients. Four extracts were prepared using different solvents and evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, as well as EPR spectroscopy. Phenolic composition was

Rosmarinic acid attenuates photophobia, hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation during nitroglycerine induced migraine like headache in mice.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenolic compound with considerable anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Migraine is characterised by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and pain hypersensitivity. This study evaluated effects of RA in a nitroglycerine (NG) induced model of migraine like headache with sumatriptan as a standard drug. Mice were divided into five groups namely: control, NG-treated, NG + RA (20 mg/kg), NG + RA (40 mg/kg), and NG + sumatriptan. It was observed that NG administration led to reduced pain thresholds, increased head-scratching, photosensitivity, elevated nit

The effect of low-voltage electrostatic field combined with Allium mongolicum regel on the quality and protein stability of frozen sheep liver.

Freezing extends sheep liver shelf life but compromises quality via ice crystals, an issue exacerbated by its honeycomb microstructure. While low-voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) freezing refines ice crystals and Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) juice offers polyphenol-based cryoprotection, their synergy is unreported. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of combining LVEF with AMR juice treatment, assessing its impact on the quality and protein stability of cooked sheep liver during 30 days of frozen storage at -20 °C. Results showed a 35.71 % shorter thawing time, improved wate

Anti-infertility roles of flavonoids: insights into the female reproductive system.

Female infertility is a complex and multifactorial disease affecting millions of women worldwide, wherein oxidative stress and inflammation play major roles in its pathophysiology. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, show promise in alleviating infertility-related disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine implantation abnormalities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids can be useful in overcoming oxidative damage and disturbances of inflammatory conditions within the reproductive system. Key flavonoid

Near-infrared light-responsive multifunctional hydrogel for synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/gas therapy to treat MRSA infections and accelerate wound healing.

Conventional wound dressings exhibit limited functionality and bacterial-infected wounds may contribute to the development of drug resistance. Consequently, there is a critical demand for multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced antibacterial efficacy to facilitate rapid healing of infected wounds. Here, we developed a cascade reactor hydrogel (APT/OC) for releasing nitric oxide (NO) to achieve near-infrared (1064 nm) light-activated photothermal/photodynamic/gas synergistic therapy for drug-resistant bacteria-infected wounds. APT/OC hydrogel is prepared by inducing with polypheno

Resveratrol and Its Nitric Oxide-Donor Hybrid as an Emerging Therapy for Oxidative-Stress-Driven Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease.

Priapism is a frequent and debilitating complication in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), characterized by recurrent ischemic episodes that can culminate in fibrosis of the erectile tissue and irreversible erectile dysfunction. Despite significant advancements in the management of acute episodes, current therapies remain largely ineffective in preventing recurrences, emphasizing the need for novel strategies that target the underlying pathophysiology. This narrative review describes the mechanistic links between oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation in the pathogenesis of

Pharmacological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis of the joints, accompanied by systemic involvement of multiple systems. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in various plants, particularly abundant in grape skins, red wine, and peanuts. This article summarizes the pharmacological effects of Res in RA. Res can alleviate RA symptoms through various mechanisms, including inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, suppressing synovial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and protecting joint cartilage. For extra articular

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Infective Effect Against Candida Albicans of a New Urolithin Derivative.

Deep mucosal and organ infections caused by the infestation of Candida albicans in immunocompromised patients represent a significant cause of mortality in hospitalized patients. The rise in fungal resistance is a consequence of the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, innovative immunostimulants must be developed to combat pathogenic fungal infections. We used urolithin A (UA), an intestinal metabolite rich in the naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidants ellagic acid (EA) or ellagitannin (ET), as a lead compound for structural modification. Through liquid screening of 17 synthesized compou

Enhanced bacteriostasis and osseointegrative properties of SiRNA-modified polyetheretherketone surface for implant applications.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), bearing an elastic modulus that effectively simulates the innate properties of natural bone, has come into the spotlight as a promising bone substitute material. Nonetheless, the biologically inert nature of PEEK, combined with its insubstantial osseointegration and sterilization capabilities, pose constraints on its clinical application in the realm of implants. RNA interference (RNAi), an effective technique used for gene expression regulation, has begun to be applied in implant surface modification. Herein, siCKIP-1 is securely affixed to the surface of PEEK imp

A comprehensive update on the potential of curcumin to enhance chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The efficacy of chemotherapy agents in CRC treatment is often limited due to toxic side effects, heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the possibility of chemoresistance which promotes cancer cell survival through several mechanisms. Combining chemotherapy agents with natural compounds like curcumin, a polyphenol compound from the Curcuma longa plant, has been reported to overcome chemoresistance and increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. Curcumin, alone or in

Effect of curcumin on the embryotoxic effect of ethanol in a zebrafish model.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol found in the turmeric plant, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It has been widely studied for its potential protective effect against various health conditions, including ethanol-induced malformation. Ethanol exposure during pregnancy can lead to various developmental abnormalities, known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Due to the high prevalence of FASD and FAS and no effective treatment, it is essential to develop preventive strategies. Recent studies have investigated the potential

Advances in the role of resveratrol and its mechanism of action in common gynecological tumors.

The incidence of common gynecological malignancies remains high, with current treatments facing multiple limitations and adverse effects. Thus, continuing the search for safe and effective oncologic treatment strategies continues. Resveratrol (RES), a natural non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is widely found in various plants and fruits, such as grapes, Reynoutria japonica Houtt., peanuts, and berries. RES possesses diverse biological properties, including neuroprotective, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and osteoporosis inhibition effects. Notably, RES is broadly applicable in antitumor ther

In silico evaluation of new mangiferin-based Positron Emission Tomography radiopharmaceuticals through the inhibition of metalloproteinase-9.

Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a key protein in cancer advancement and metastasis owing to its ability to degrade some extracellular matrix components. Mangiferin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated through experimental and theoretical studies to be a great anticancer agent for the selective inhibition of MMP-9. This work aimed to evaluate the utility of several fluorinated compounds obtained from MF as possible Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals oriented to MMP-9. Density Functional Theory calculations of MF were made to obtain the most active sites toward

Resveratrol and Its Role in the Management of B-Cell Malignancies-A Recent Update.

The growing incidence of B cell malignancies globally has prompted research on the pharmacological properties of phytoconstituents in cancer management. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbenoid widely found in nature, has been explored for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and promising results from different pre-clinical studies have indicated its potential for management of B cell malignancies. However, these claims must be substantiated by a greater number of clinical trials in diverse populations, in order to establish its safety and efficacy profile. In addition to this, the

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… Challenges and Future Perspectives Resveratrol, a widely known polyphenolic stilbenoid, has been assessed for its application in the management of a variety of neoplasms, including B cell malignancies. … The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2018;10:1618. doi: 10.3390/nu10111618. 85. Li T., Guo Q., Qu Y., Li Y., Liu H., Liu L., Zhang Y., Jiang Y., Wang Q. Solubility and Physicochemical Properties of Resveratrol in Peanut Oil. …